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Quaternary Bryophyte Palaeo-ecology

  • Chapter
Bryophyte Ecology

Abstract

The Quaternary is the interval of geological time which covers the last 1–2 million years. It is unique in earth’s history for its oscillating climates, alternating at the latitudes of Europe and North America between short (c. 10–20 × 103 years) temperate stages and long (c. 50–100 × 103years) cold stages within which glaciation commonly occurred. In addition, the Quaternary witnessed the evolution of man. The number of temperate stages is unknown but at least 20 have been identified in deep-sea cores covering the last 2 million years (Hays et al., 1969; Shackleton and Opdyke, 1973, 1976). Nowhere on the continents have all these stages been identified. Indeed, the correlation between continental and marine sequences is a matter of considerable debate and uncertainty at present (see Kukla, 1977). In view of the great duration of the cold stages, the Quaternary should be viewed as a predominantly cold period interrupted periodically by warm phases — the brief interglacials with climates similar to those of today.

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  1. School of Plant Biology, University College of North Wales, Memorial Buildings, Bangor, LL57 2UW, Great Britain

    A. J. E. Smith

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Birks, H.J.B. (1982). Quaternary Bryophyte Palaeo-ecology. In: Smith, A.J.E. (eds) Bryophyte Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5891-3_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5891-3_13

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