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Receptor Regulation pp 7–40Cite as

The Insulin Receptor and its Function

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Part of the book series: Receptors and Recognition ((WOCS))

Abstract

The sequence of events for insulin action on its target cells is schematically represented in Fig. 2.1. After being secreted by the pancreatic α cells, insulin travels in the plasma to target cells throughout the body, where it binds rapidly and reversibly to a finite number of receptors on the external surface of the plasma membrane. The receptor serves two functions. First, the receptor recognizes insulin from among all the other substances to which the cell is being exposed; it manifests its recognition by binding to the hormone. Second, the hormone-receptor complex begins the activation at the target cell that leads ultimately to the multiplicity of effects that insulin produces on any of its target cells. It is widely believed that insulin action on its target cells is mediated by a soluble intracellular messenger that functions to carry out all the effects of insulin. While it is clear that cyclic AMP is not the second messenger for insulin, it is suspected that the second messenger for insulin functions in a manner analogous to that described for cyclic AMP (Roth, 1979a). Recent studies by two laboratories have provided evidence for the existence of a second messenger for insulin, a soluble product thought to be produced from endogenous components of the target cell that carries out fundamental actions of insulin, such as enzyme activation and inactivation (Seal and Jarrett, 1980; Larner et al., 1980).

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  1. Emmanuel van Obberghen
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  1. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    R. J. Lefkowitz (Professor of Medicine) (Professor of Medicine)

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van Obberghen, E., Roth, J. (1981). The Insulin Receptor and its Function. In: Lefkowitz, R.J. (eds) Receptor Regulation. Receptors and Recognition. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5822-7_2

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