Contingency Tables and Tests of Association

Abstract

In many observational studies the investigator is concerned not with continuous variables but with categories into one or other of which the individuals in his sample can be placed. Marital status is an example, and the categories involved might be somewhat as follows:

• 1. single,

• 2. married and living together,

• 3. married and living apart,

• 4. divorced,

• 5. widowed,

• 6. other living arrangements,

• 8. not known.