Skip to main content
Book cover

Barley pp 174–221Cite as

Grain quality and germination

  • Chapter

Abstract

The importance of different aspects of quality depend upon the grain’s intended use. Viability of feed grain is immaterial, unlike its nutritional value and freedom from toxic substances. Seed grain should have a high viability, give vigorous seedlings and be free of grains of other varieties, or species (Chapter 9). However, the rate of seed germination is usually not critical. Seed grain is normally dressed with toxic chemicals to control pathogens. Malting barley has a preferred chemical composition, should be adequately uniform, must germinate rapidly and evenly and should not contain poisonous materials (Chapter 15). For grain which is to be put into store the moisture content, temperature, and freedom from pests are of immediate importance (Chapter 10). In some situations agreed, or legally defined, tests of quality are applied to grain intended for particular purposes. The tests used often differ between countries, and even between different groups of users in one country. Yet others tests are employed as aids by grain users for their own purposes, and not as a basis for commercial transactions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abdul-Baki, A.A. and Anderson, J.D. (1970). Crop Sci., 10, 31–34.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Abrahamsohn, B. (1911). Z. ges. Brauw., 34, 179–182.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Almestrand, A. (1951). Physiologia Pl., 4,224–241.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson, J.D. (1970). Crop. Sci., 10,36–39.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Anderson, J.D. and Abdul-Baki, A.A. (1971). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 48, 270–272.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Aramaki, K. and Kuroiwa, Y. (1967). Rep. Res. Lab. Kirin Brewery Co., Japan, 10,29–37.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Armstrong, J.E. and Jones, R.L. (1973). J. Cell Biol., 59,444–455.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ashford, A.E. and Jacobsen, J.V. (1974). Planta, 120, 81–105.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Atterberg, A. (1907). Landw. Vers. Sta., 67, 129–143.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bauwin, G.R. and Ryan, H.L. (1974). In Storage of Cereal Grains and their products (2nd edition). (ed. Christensen, C.M.) pp. 115–157. Am. Ass. Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, Minn.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Belderok, B. (1968). J. Inst. Brew., 74, 333–340.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bennett, P.A. and Chrispeels, M.J. (1972). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 49, 445–447.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ben-Tal, Y. and Varner, J.E. (1974). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 54, 813–816.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bishop, L.R. (1929). J. Inst. Brew., 35, 323–338.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bishop, L.R. (1944). J. Inst. Brew., 50, 166–185.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bishop, L.R. (1945). J. Inst. Brew., 51, 166–175; 213–224.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bishop, L.R. (1946). J. Inst. Brew., 52, 273–282.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Briggs, F.N. (1927). J. agric. Res., 35, 907–914.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Briggs, D.E. (1962). J. Inst. Brew., 68, 470–475.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Briggs, D.E. (1963). J. Inst. Brew., 69, 13–19; 244–248.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Briggs, D.E. (1964). J. Inst. Brew., 70, 14–24.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Briggs, D.E. (1967). J. Inst. Brew., 73, 33–34.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Briggs, D.E. (1968). Phytochemistry, 7,513–529; 531–538; 539–554.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Briggs, D.E. (1972). Planta, 108, 351–358.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Briggs, D.E. (1973). In Biosynthesis and its Control in Plants, ed. Milborrow, B.V. pp. 219–277. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Briggs, D.E. (1974). Phytochemistry, 13,987–996.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Briggs, D.E. and Clutterbuck, V.J. (1973). Phytochemistry, 12, 1047–1050.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Brookes, P.A. and Martin, P.A. (1974). J. Inst. Brew., 80, 294–299.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Brookes, P.A. and Martin, P.A. (1975). J. Inst. Brew., 81, 357–363.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Brown, A.J. (1907). Ann. Bot. 21, 79–87; J. Fed. Inst. Brew., 13, 658-673.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Brown, A.J. (1909). Proc. R. Soc. Ser. B, 81, 82–93.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Brown, A.J. and Tinker, F. (1916). Proc. R. Soc. Ser. B, 89, 373–379.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Brown, A.J. and Worley, F.P. (1912). Proc. R. Soc. Ser., B, 85,546–553.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Brown, C.R. (1974). J. Inst. Brew., 80, 471–473; 483–486.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Brown, E., Stanton, T.R., Wiebe, G.A. and Martin, J.H. (1948). U.S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull. No. 953.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Brown, H.T. (1909). J. Inst. Brew., 15, 184–286.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Brown, H.T. and Escombe, F. (1898). Proc. R. Soc.,63, 3–25.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Brown, H.T. and Morris, G.H. (1890). J. chem. Soc., 57, 458–528.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Bruschi, D. (1908). Ann. Bot., 22, 449–463.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Burger, W.C. (1965). J. Inst. Brew., 71, 244–250.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Caldwell, F. (1957). J. Inst. Brew., 63, 340–344.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Caldwell, F. (1963). J. Sci. Fd Agric., 14, 765–769.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Carr, D.J. and Goodwin, P.B. (1972). In Plant Growth Substances, 1970, (ed. Carr, D.J.) pp. 378–387. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Chandra, G.R. (1972). In Plant Growth Substances, 1970, (ed. Carr, D.J.) pp. 365–370. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Chang, C.W. (1963). Bull. Torrey bot. Club, 90, 385–391.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Chapon, L. (1959). Brasserie, 14,222–231.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Chapon, L. (1961). Brauwissenschaft, 14,457–465.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Chinn, S.H.F. and Russell, R.C. (1958). Phytopathology, 48,553–556.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Chrispeels, M.J. (1973). Biochim. biophys. Res. Commun., 53. 99–104.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Chrispeels, M.J., Tenner, A.J. and Johnson, K.D. (1973). Planta, 113, 35–46.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Chrispeels, M.J. and Varner, J.E. (1967). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 42, 398–406; 1008–1016.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Cleland, R. and McCombs, N. (1965). Science, 150,497–498.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Clerck, J. de. (1938). Bull. Assoc. Anc. Étud. École Sup, Brass., Louvain., 38, 85–100.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Clerck, J. de. and Cloetens, J. (1940). Bull. Assoc. Anc. Étud. École Sup. Brass. Louvain, 40, 41–48.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Clutterbuck, V.J. and Briggs, D.E. (1973). Phytochemistry, 12, 537–546.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Clutterbuck, V.J. and Briggs, D.E. (1974). Phytochemistry, 13,45–54.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Cohen, D. and Paleg, L.G. (1967). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 42, 1288–1296.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Collins, E.J. (1918). Ann. Bot., 32, 381–414.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Collins, D.M. and Wilson, A.T. (1975). J. exp. Bot., 26, 737–740.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Crabb, D. (1970). J. Inst. Brew., 76, 469–476.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Crabb, D. (1971). J. Inst. Brew., 77, 522–528.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Crabb, D. and Kirsop, B.H. (1970). J. Inst. Brew., 76, 158–162.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Dahlstrom, R.V. (1965). Cereal Sci. Today, 10,466–472.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Day, T.C. (1891). J. chem. Soc., 59, 664–677.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Day, T.C. (1896). Trans. Proc. bot. Soc. Edinb., 20, 492–501.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Devlin, R.M. and Cunningham, R.P. (1970). Ecan. Bot., 24, 369–373.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Dickson, A.D. and Burkhart, B.A. (1942). Cereal Chem., 19,251–262.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Dickson, A.D., Shands, H.L. and Burkhart, B.A. (1949). Cereal Chem., 26, 13–23.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Duffus, C.M., Duffus, J.H. and Slaughter, J.C. (1972). Experienta, 28, 635–636.

    Google Scholar 

  70. E.B.C. (1963). Analysis Committee of the European Brewery Convention Analytica—EBC (2nd edition). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Edelman, J., Shibko, S.I. and Keys, A.J. (1959). J. exp. Bot., 10, 178–189.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Eifrig, H. (1961). Proc. into Seed. Test. Ass., 26, 761–771.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Ekström, D., Cederqvist, B. and Sandegren, E. (1959). Proc. eur. Brew. Conv. Rome, pp. 11–26.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Engel, Chr. (1947). Biochim. biophys. Acta, 1,42–49; 278.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Engel, Chr. and Heins, J. (1947). Biochim. biophys. Acta, 1, 190–196.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Evans, M., Black, M. and Chapman, J. (1975). Nature, 258, 144–145.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Evins, W.H. and Varner, J.E. (1972). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 49,348–352.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Ferrari, T.E., and Varner, J.E. (1970). Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 65, 729–736.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Filner, P. and Varner, J.E. (1967). Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 58, 1520–1526.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Fincher, G.B. (1975). J. Inst. Brew., 81, 116–122.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Finlay, K.W. (1960). J. Inst. Brew., 66, 51–57; 58–64.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Firn, R.D. and Kende, H. (1974). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 54,911–915.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Fischbeck, G. and Reiner, L. (1967). Brauwelt, 107, 1278–1279.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Fischnich, O., Thielbein, M. and Grahl, A. (1962). Saatgut-Wirtsch., 14, 12–14; 39–42.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Folkes, B.F. and Yemm, E.W. (1958). New Phytol., 57, 106–131.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Folkes, B.F., Willis, A.J. and Yemm, E.W. (1952). New Phytol., 51, 317–341.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Forward, D.F. (1951). New Phytol., 50, 297–324; 325–356.

    Google Scholar 

  88. French, R.C. (1959). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 34, 500–505.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Fujii, T. and Horie, Y. (1972). Rept. Res. Lab. KirinBrewery Co., Japan, 13, 37–42.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Gaber, S.D. and Roberts, E.H. (1969). J. Inst. Brew., 75, 299–302; 303–314.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Gehloff, G., Schlosser, A. and Piendl, A. (1972). Master Brewery Ass. Am. Tech. Quart., 9, 144–147.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Goodwin, P.B. and Carr, D.J. (1972). Planta, 106, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Goodwin, P.B. and Carr, D.J. (1972). J. exp. Bot., 23, 1–7; 8–13.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Gordon, A.G. (1968). J. Inst. Brew., 74, 355–360.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Gordon, A.G. (1969). Proc. Ass. Off. Seed Anal. N. Am., 59, 58–72.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Gordon, A.G. (1970). Can. J. Pl. Sci., 50, 191–194.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Gordon, A.G. (1973). In Seed Ecology,.(ed. Heydecker, Proc. 19th Easter School in Agric. Sci., University Nottingham, 1972) pp. 391–410. London: Butterworths.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Grahl, A. (1970). Proc. int. Seed Test Ass., 35, 427–438.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Grahl, A. and Thielbein, M. (1959). Naturwissenschaften, 46, 336–337.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Groat, J.I. and Briggs, D.E. (1969). Phytochemistry, 8, 1615–1627.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Griiss, J. (1898). Woch. Brau., 15, 81–84; 269–275.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Griiss, J. (1928). Woch. Brau., 45, 497–500; 506–509; 539–542.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Griiss, J. (1930). Woch. Brau., 47, 249–252; 257–261; 269–272.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Hardie, D.G. (1975). Phytochemistry, 14, 1719–1722.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Harlan, H.V. and Pope, M.N. (1926). J. agric. Res., 32, 669–678.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Harmey, M.A. and Murray, A.M. (1968). Planta, 83, 387–389.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Harrington, G.T. (1923). J. agric. Res., 23, 79–100.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Harris, G. (1962). In Barley and Malt, (ed. Cook A.H.) pp. 431–582; 583–694, London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Harris, G. and MacWilliam, I.C (1954). J. Inst. Brew., 60, 149–157.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Harvey, B.M.R. and Oaks, A. (1974). Planta, 111, 67–74.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Hayashi, T. (1940). J. agric. chem. Soc. Japan, 16, 531–538.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Heinisch, I. (1931). Woch. Brau., 48, 293–297; 307–311.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Hinton, J.J.C. (1955). Cereal Chem., 32, 296–306.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Hoagland, D.R. and Broyer, T.C. (1936). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, II, 471–507.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Hølmer, G., Dry, R.L. and Høy, C.E. (1973). Lipids, 8, 277–283.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Hoffmann, J.F. and Sokolowski, S. (1910). Woch. Brau., 27, 469–471; 483–486; 498–503.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Holmberg, J. and Sellmann-Persson, G. (1967). Proc. eur. Brew. Conv., Madrid, 213–217.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Hough, J.S., Briggs, D.E. and Stevens, R. (1971). Malting and Brewing Science, (Revised-1975). London: Chapman and Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Hudson, J.R. (1960). Development of Brewing Analysis, a Historical Review. Institute of Brewing, London.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Hunt, W.H. and Pixton, S.W. (1974). In Storage of Cereal Grains and their Products (2nd edition) ed. Christensen, C.M. pp. 1–55. St. Paul, Minnesotta; Am. Ass. Cereal Chemists.

    Google Scholar 

  121. I.o.B. (1971). Analysis Committee of the Institute of Brewing (1971). J. Inst. Brew., 77, 181–226.

    Google Scholar 

  122. I.S.T.A. (1966). Proc. into Seed Testing Ass., 31 152 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Jacobsen, J.V. (1973). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 51, 198–202.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Jacobsen, J.V. and Knox, R.B. (1973). Planta, 112,213–224.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Jacobsen, J.V., Knox, R.B. and Pyliotis, N.A. (1971). Planta, 101, 189–209.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Jacobsen, J.V. and Zwar, J.A. (1974). Aust. J. Pl. Physiol., I, 343–356.

    Google Scholar 

  127. James, A.L. (1950). New Phytol., 39, 133–144.

    Google Scholar 

  128. James, W.O. and James, A.L. (1940). New Phytol., 39, 145–176.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Jansson, G. (1961). Ark. Kemi, 17,281–289.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Jansson, G. (1962). Ark. Kemi, 19, 141–148.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Johnson, K.D. and Chrispeels, M.J. (1973). Planta, III, 353–364.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Jones, R.L. (1971). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 47, 412–416.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Jones, R.L. (1973). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 52, 303–308.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Jones, R.L. and Armstrong, J.E. (1971). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 48, 137–142.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Jones, M. and Pierce, J.S. (1967). J. Inst. Brew., 73, 577–583.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Jones, R.L. and Price, J.M. (1970). Planta, 94, 191–202.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Kamra, Om P., Kamra, S.K., Nilan, R.A. and Konzak, C.F. (1960). Hereditas, 46, 152–170; 261–273.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Kauppinen, Y., Nummi, M. and Enari, T.-M. (1967). Brauwissenschaft, 20,1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Khan, A.A. and Waters, E.C. (1969). Life Sciences, 8, 729–736.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Kidd, F. and West, C. (1918). Ann. appl. Biol., 5,1–10, 112–142; 157–170; 220–251.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Kieninger, H. (1969). Brauwissenschaft, 6–13; 62–69; 100–104.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Kirsop, B.H., Reynolds, T. and Griffiths, C.M. (1967). J. Inst. Brew., 73, 182–186.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Knypl, J.S. (1964). Naturwissenschaften, 51, 117–118.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Kudo, S. and Yoshida, T. (1958). Rep. Res. Lab. Kirin Brewery Co., Japan, 1,39–45.

    Google Scholar 

  145. La Croix, L.J., Naylor, J. and Larter, E.N. (1962). Can. J. Bot., 40, 1515–1523.

    Google Scholar 

  146. van Laer, H., and Lomaers, R. (1922). Annls Brass. Dist., 20, 184–185.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Lafferty, H.A. (1953). Proc. into Seed Test. Ass., 18,239–247.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Lefebvre, J.M. (1959). Annls Physiol. Végétale, Paris, I, 93–109.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Levy, M. (1936). C. r. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, (Sèr. Chim), 21, 101–110.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Linderstrøm-Lang, K. and Holter, H. (1931). C. r. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, 19, 1–39.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Linskens, H.F. (1950). Züchter, 20, 168–187.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Liu, D.J., Pomeranz, Y. and Robbins, G.S. (1975). Cereal Chem., 52, 678–686.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Lopez, A. and Grabe, D.F. (1971). Agron. Abs., p. 44.

    Google Scholar 

  154. Lubert, D.J. and Pool, A.A. (1964). J. Inst. Brew., 70, 145–155.

    Google Scholar 

  155. MacKay, D.B. (1972). In Viability of Seeds, (ed. Roberts, E.H.) pp. 172–208. London: Chapman and Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  156. MacLeod, A.M. (1952). Trans. Proc. bot. Soc. Edinb., 36, 18–33.

    Google Scholar 

  157. MacLeod, A.M. (1957). New Phytol., 56, 210–220.

    Google Scholar 

  158. MacLeod, A.M. (1960). Wallerstein Lab. Commun., 23,87–98.

    Google Scholar 

  159. MacLeod, A.M. (1967). J. Inst. Brew., 73, 146–162.

    Google Scholar 

  160. MacLeod, A.M., Duffus, J.H. and Johnston, C.S. (1964). J. Inst. Brew., 70, 521–528.

    Google Scholar 

  161. MacLeod, A.M., Duffus, J.H. and Millar, A.S. (1963). Proc. eur. Brew. Conv., Brussels, pp. 85–100.

    Google Scholar 

  162. MacLeod, A.M. and Millar, A.S. (1962). J. Inst. Brew., 68, 322–332.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Major, W. and Roberts, E.H. (1968). J. exp. Bot., 19,77–89; 90–107.

    Google Scholar 

  164. Mann, A. and Harlan, H.V. (1916). J. Inst. Brew., 22, 73–108 (reprint 1915, U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. No. I83).

    Google Scholar 

  165. Matthews, S. and Collins, M.T. (1973). Proc. 7th British Insecticide and Fungicide Conf., I, 135–141.

    Google Scholar 

  166. McNeil, M., Albersheim, P., Taiz, L. and Jones, R.L. (1975). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 55, 64–68.

    Google Scholar 

  167. Merry, J. and Goddard, D.R. (1941). Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci., 8, 28–44.

    Google Scholar 

  168. Michejda, J. (1966). Acta Soc. Bot. Pol., 35, 71–77.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Middleton, N.I. (1927). Ann. Bot., 41, 345–356.

    Google Scholar 

  170. Mikola, J. and Enari, T.-M. (1970). J. Inst. Brew., 76, 182–188.

    Google Scholar 

  171. Mikola, J. and Kolehmainen, L. (1972). Planta, 104, 167–177.

    Google Scholar 

  172. Mikola, J. and Pietilä, K. and Enari, T.-M. (1972). J. Inst. Brew., 78, 388–391.

    Google Scholar 

  173. Mitchell, F.S., Caldwell, F. and Hampson, G. (1958). Nature, 181, 1270–1271.

    Google Scholar 

  174. Moormann, B. (1942). Kühn — Arch. 56, 41–79.

    Google Scholar 

  175. Morrall, P. and Briggs, D.E. (in preparation).

    Google Scholar 

  176. Murphy, A.J. (1904). J. Inst. Brew., 10, 99–148.

    Google Scholar 

  177. Murphy, G.J.P. — (unpublished).

    Google Scholar 

  178. Murphy, G.J.P. and Briggs, D.E. (1973). Phytochemistry, 12,1299–1308; 2597–2605.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Murphy, G.J.P. and Briggs, D.E. (1975). Phytochemistry, 14,429–433.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Musgrave, A., Kays, S.E. and Kende, H. (1972). Planta, 102, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  181. Nadeau, R. and Rappaport, L. (1974). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 54, 809–812.

    Google Scholar 

  182. Nance, J.P. (1949). Am. J. Bot., 36, 274–276.

    Google Scholar 

  183. Newman, J. and Briggs, D.E. (1976). Phytochemistry, 15, 1453–1458.

    Google Scholar 

  184. Nielsen, N. (1937). C. r. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, (Sèr. Physiol.), 22, 49–60.

    Google Scholar 

  185. Nobbe, F. (1876). Handbuch der Samenkunde, Verlag Wiegandt, Hempel und Parey, Berlin, 631 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  186. Norstog, K. (1961). Am. J. Bot., 48,876–884.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Norstog, K. (1967). Bull. Torrey, bot. Club., 94, 223–229.

    Google Scholar 

  188. Norstog, K. and Klein, R.M. (1972). Can. J. Bot., 50, 1887–1894.

    Google Scholar 

  189. Obata, T. and Suzuki, H. (1976). Pl. Cell Physiol., 17,63–71.

    Google Scholar 

  190. Ogawara, K. and Hayashi, J. (1964). Ber. Ohara Inst., Landw. Biol., 12, 159–188.

    Google Scholar 

  191. Paleg, L.G. (1960). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 35, 293–299; 902–906.

    Google Scholar 

  192. Paleg, L.G. (1961). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 36, 829–837.

    Google Scholar 

  193. Paleg, L.G., Kende, H., Ninnemann, H. and Lang, A. (1965). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 40, 165–169.

    Google Scholar 

  194. Palmer, G.H. (1969). J. Inst. Brew., 75, 536–541.

    Google Scholar 

  195. Parsons, J.G. and Price, P.B. (1974). Lipids, 9, 804–808.

    Google Scholar 

  196. Pedersen, M.R. (1878). C. r. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, 1,44–48 (Résumé).

    Google Scholar 

  197. Pollard, C.J. and Nelson, D.C. (1971). Biochim. biophys. Acta, 244, 372–376.

    Google Scholar 

  198. Pollock, J.R.A. (1959). J. Inst. Brew., 65, 334–337.

    Google Scholar 

  199. Pollock, J.R.A. (1962). In Barley and Malt, (ed. Cook, A.H.) pp. 303–398; 399–430. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  200. Pollock, J.R.A. and Pool, A.A. (1962). J. Inst. Brew., 68, 427–431.

    Google Scholar 

  201. Pope, M.N. (1949). J. agric. Res., 78, 295–309.

    Google Scholar 

  202. Prentice, N. (1973). Cereal Chem., 50, 346–353.

    Google Scholar 

  203. Radley, M. (1969). Planta, 86, 218–223.

    Google Scholar 

  204. Rejowski, A. and Kulka, K. (1967). Acta Soc. Bot. Pol., 36, 221–234.

    Google Scholar 

  205. Reynolds, T. and MacWilliams, I.C. (1966). J. Inst. Brew., 72, 166–170.

    Google Scholar 

  206. Rijven, A.H.G.C. (1956). Aust. J. biol. Sci., 9, 511–527.

    Google Scholar 

  207. de Saussare, T. (1804 Edit; year XII). Recherches Chimiques sur la Végétation (Reprod. in fac-simile by Gauthier-Villars, Editeur — Imprimeur — Libraire, Paris; 1957).

    Google Scholar 

  208. Schooler, A.B. (1960). Agron. J., 52,411.

    Google Scholar 

  209. Schulz, K.G. (1934). Woch. Brau., 51, 201–204.

    Google Scholar 

  210. Schulz, K.G. (1935). Woch. Brau., 52, 118–119.

    Google Scholar 

  211. Scriban, R. (1965). Pet. J. Brasseur, 73, 39–43.

    Google Scholar 

  212. Sfat, M.R. (1966). Master Brewers Ass. Am. Tech. Quart., 3, 22–26.

    Google Scholar 

  213. Shands, H.L., Dickson, A.D., Dickson, J.G. and Burkhart, B.A. (1941). Cereal Chem., 18, 370–394.

    Google Scholar 

  214. Shands, H.L., Dickson, A.D. and Dickson, J.G. (1942). Cereal Chem., 19, 471–480.

    Google Scholar 

  215. Sims, R.C. (1959). J. Inst. Brew., 65, 46–50.

    Google Scholar 

  216. Singh, O. (1969). Indian J. Sci. Ind. (a), 3,35–38.

    Google Scholar 

  217. Sloey, W. and Prentice, M. (1962). Proc. Ann. Mtg. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem., pp.24–29.

    Google Scholar 

  218. Sparrow, D.H.B. (1964). J. Inst. Brew., 70, 514–521.

    Google Scholar 

  219. Sparrow, D.H.B. (1965). J. Inst. Brew., 71, 523–529.

    Google Scholar 

  220. Srivastava, B.I.S. (1965). J. Imt. Brew., 71, 21–25.

    Google Scholar 

  221. Stingl, G. (1907). Flora, 97, 308–331.

    Google Scholar 

  222. Stoilov, M., Jansson, G., Eriksson, G. and Ehrenberg, L. (1966). Radiat. Bot., 6, 457–467.

    Google Scholar 

  223. Stolp, C.F., Nadeau, R. and Rappaport, L. (1973). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 52, 546–548.

    Google Scholar 

  224. Stow, I. (1967). Bull. Brew., Sci., 13,29–43.

    Google Scholar 

  225. Stoward, F. (1911). Ann. Bot., 25, 799–841; 1147–1204

    Google Scholar 

  226. Sundblom, N.O. and Mikola, J. (1972). Physiologia Pl., 27, 281–284.

    Google Scholar 

  227. Tharp, W.H. (1935). Bot. Gaz., 97, 240–271.

    Google Scholar 

  228. Thomas, T.H., Wareing, P.F. and Robinson, P.M. (1965). Nature, 205, 1270–1272.

    Google Scholar 

  229. Tronier, B. and Ory, R.L. (1970). Cereal Chem., 47, 464–471.

    Google Scholar 

  230. Urion, E. and Chapon, L. (1955). Am. Brewer, 88(3), 41–85.

    Google Scholar 

  231. Urion, E. and Chapon, L. (1955). Proc. eur. Brew. Conv. Baden-Baden, pp. 172–202.

    Google Scholar 

  232. Van Sumere, C.F., Cottenie, J., de Greef, J. and Kint, J. (1972). Recent Adv. Phytochem., 4, 165–221.

    Google Scholar 

  233. Varner, J.E. and Mense, R.M. (1972). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 49, 187–189.

    Google Scholar 

  234. Vine, H.C.A. (1913). J. Inst. Brew., 19, 413–448.

    Google Scholar 

  235. Vlamis, J. and Davis, A.R. (1943). Pl. Physiol., Lancaster, 18, 685–692.

    Google Scholar 

  236. Wellington, P.S. (1970). Proc. into Seed Test Ass., 35,449–597.

    Google Scholar 

  237. Wellington, P.S. and Bradnock, W.T. (1964). J. natn. Inst. agric. Bot., 10, 129–143.

    Google Scholar 

  238. Whitmore, E.T. (1960). J. Inst. Brew., 66, 407–408.

    Google Scholar 

  239. Windisch, W. and Kolback, P. (1929). Woch, Brau., 46, 459–463.

    Google Scholar 

  240. Woodstock, L.W. (1973). Seed Sci. Technol., I, 127–157.

    Google Scholar 

  241. Yamamoto, K. (1951). Rep. inst. agric. Res. Tohoku Univ., 3, 13–27.

    Google Scholar 

  242. Yamashita, A. (1967). Bull. Brew. Sci., 13, 25–28.

    Google Scholar 

  243. Yemm, E.W. (1937). Proc. R. Soc. Ser B, 123,243–273.

    Google Scholar 

  244. Yemm, E.W. and Willis, A.J. (1956). New Phytol., 55, 229–252.

    Google Scholar 

  245. Yomo, H. (1958). Hakkô Kyôkaishi, 16,444–448.

    Google Scholar 

  246. Yomo, H. (1960). Hakkô Kyôkaishi, 18,494–499; 500–502; 600–602; 603–605.

    Google Scholar 

  247. Yomo, H. (1961). Hakkô Kyôkaishi, 19, 284–285.

    Google Scholar 

  248. Yomo, H. and Iinuma, H. (1966). Planta, 71, 113–118.

    Google Scholar 

  249. Ziebur, N.K. and Brink, R.A. (1951). Am. J. Bot., 38, 253–256.

    Google Scholar 

  250. Žila, V.V., Trkan, M. and Škvor, F. (1942). Woch. Brau., 59, 63–65.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 D.E. Briggs

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Briggs, D.E. (1978). Grain quality and germination. In: Barley. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5715-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5715-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-5717-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-5715-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics