Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Lower Tertiary Balder Formation: An organogenic and tuffaceous deposit in the North Sea region

  • Conference paper
Petroleum Geology of the North European Margin

Abstract

The Lower Tertiary tuffaceous Balder Formation is described on the basis of a 16-m long core from well 30/2–1 in the north Viking Graben. The core comes from a 47-m thick main tuff-zone within the 76–m thick formation. It contains 168 tuff-beds which comprise 44% of the sediment volume. The beds are 0–28-cm thick, graded (FU) and represent first-generation ash deposits. They result from explosive eruptions of magma with a composition transitional between within plate and mid-ocean ridge basalt.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andersen, S.A. 1937. De vulkanske Askelag i Vejgennem- skaeringen ved 01st og deres udbredelse i Danmark. Danm. Geol. Unders., Ser. 2, 59, 1–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benda, L. 1972. The diatoms of the Moler formation of Denmark (Lower Eocene). A preliminary report. In: Simonsen (ed.), First Symp. Recent and Fossil Marine Diatoms, Vol. 39. Beih. Nova Hedwegia, pp. 251–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berggren, W.A. and Gradstein, F.M. 1981. Agglutinated benthonic foraminiferal assemblages in the Palaeogene of the Central North Sea: their biostratigraphic and depo- sitional environmental significance. In: Illing, L.V. and Hobson, G.D. (eds.). Petroleum Geology of the Continental Shelf of North-West Europe, Institute of Petroleum, London, pp. 283–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonde, N. 1973. Fiskefossiler, diatomiter og vulkanske askelag. Dansk Geol. Foren., Årsskr., 1972, 136–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonde, N. 1974. Palaeoenvironment as indicated by the ‘Mo-Clay Formation’ (Lowermost Eocene of Denmark). Tertiary Res. (Tertiary Times), 2 (1), 29–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonde N. 1979. Palaeoenvironment in the ‘North Sea’ as indicated by the fish bearing Mo-Clay deposit (Paleocene/ Eocene), Denmark. Meded. Werkgr. Tert. Kwart. Geol., 16 (1), 3–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonde, N. 1982. Teleostei (bony fish) from the Palaeocene of the Norwegian North Sea Drilling. Norsk Geol. Tidskr. 62, 59–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bugge, T., Prestvik, T. and Rokoengen, K. 1980. Lower Tertiary volcanic rocks off Kristiansund, mid Norway. Mar. Geol. 35, 277–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bukry, D. 1981a. Cenozoic Coccoliths from the Deep Sea Drilling Project. SEPM Spec. Pub., No. 32, pp. 335–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bukry, D. 1981b. Synthesis of Silicoflagellate Stratigraphy for Maestrichtian to Quaternary Marine Sediment SEPM Spec. Pub., No. 32, pp. 433–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bøggild, O.B. 1918. Den vulkanske Aske i Moleret samt en oversigt over Danmarks eldre Tertiaerbjaergarter. Danm. Geol. Unders. Række 2, 33, 159 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, O. Bruun. Studies of the formerly exposures in the transition beds (Mo-Clay/Røsnæs Clay) in Knudeklint, Fur. (in preparation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa, L. and Downie, C. 1976. The distribution of the dinoflagellate Wetzeliella in the Palaeogene of northwestern Europe. Palaeontology 19(4), 591–614, pl. 92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa, L., Denison, C. and Downie, C. 1978. The Paleocene/ Eocene boundary in the Anglo-Paris Basin. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 135, 261–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deegan, C.E. and Scull, B.H. (compilers) 1977. A proposed standard lithostratigraphic nomenclature for the Central and Northern North Sea. Rep. Inst. Geol. Sci., No. 77/25; Bull Norw. Petrol. Direct., No. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinesen, A., Michelsen, O. and Lieberkind, K. 1977. A survey of the Paleocene and Eocene deposits of Jylland and Fyn. Geol. Surv. Denm., B, 1, 1–15, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hailwood, E.A., Bock, W., Costa, L., Dupeuble, P.A., Miller, C. and Schnitker, C. 1979. Chronology and biostratigraphy of northeast Atlantic sediments, DSDP Leg 48. In: L. Montadert, Initial Reports Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 48, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington D.C., pp. 1119–1141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, J.M. 1979. Age of the Mo–Clay Formation. Bull Geol Soc. Denmark, 27, 89–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardenbol, J. and Berggren, W.A. 1978. A New Paleogene numerical timescale. AAPG Stud. Geol 6, 213–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilmann-Clausen, C. 1982. The Paleocene–Eocene boundary in Denmark. Newsl Stratigr., 11 (2), 55–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilmann-Clausen, C., Nielsen, O.B. and Gersner, F.L. Late Paleocene and Eocene lithostratigraphy of Denmark (in preparation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaqué, M. and Thouvenin, J. 1975. Lower Tertiary tuffs and volcanic activity in the North Sea. In: A.W. Woodland (ed.), Petroleum and the Continental Shelf of Northwest Europe, Applied Science Publishers, London, pp. 455–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knox, R.W. O’B and Harland, R. 1979. Stratigraphical relationships of the early Palaeogene ash-series of NW Europe. J. Geol Soc. Lond., 136, 463–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knox, R.W. O’B and Morton, A.C. 1983. Stratigraphical distribution of early Palaeogene pyroclastic deposits in the North Sea basin. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geol Soc., Vol. 44, Part 3, No. 25, pp. 355–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knox, R.W. O’B, Morton, A.C. and Harland, R. 1981. Stratigraphical relationships of Palaeocene sands in the UK sector of the central North Sea. In: L.V. Illing, and G.D. Hobson (eds.), Petroleum Geology of the Continental Shelf of North-west Europe. Heyden, London, pp. 267–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, B., Sundvoll, B., Neumann, E.-R and Kirkemo, K. 1983. Upper Palaeozoic volcanics in the North Sea(MS).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowrie, W., Alvarez, W., Napoleone, G., Perch-Nielsen, K., Premoli-Silva, I. and Tourmarkine, M. 1982. Paleogene magnetic stratigraphy in Umbrian pelagic carbonate rocks: the Contessa sections, Gubbio. Bull Geol. Soc. Am., 93, 414–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Løvlie, R. and Kvingedal, M. 1975. A palaeomagnetic discordance between a lava sequence and an associated interbasaltic horizon from the Faeroe Islands. Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc., 40, 45–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martini, E. 1971. Standard Tertiary and Quaternary calcareous nannoplankton zonation. Proc. II. Planktonic Conf., 2, 739–785.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ness, G., Levi, S. and Couch, R. 1980. Marine magnetic anomaly timescales for the Cenozoic and Late Cretaceous: A precise critique and synthesis. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 18, 753–770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norin, R. 1940. Problems concerning the volcanic ash layers of the Lower Tertiary of Denmark. Geol. Fören. Stockh. Forh., 62, 31–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, J.A. and Cann, J.R. 1973. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 12, 290–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, A.K., Engell, J. and Rønsbo, J.G. 1975. Early Tertiary volcanism in the Skagerrak: New chemical evidence from ash-layers in the Mo-Clay of northern Denmark. Lithos, 8, 255–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, G.K. 1981. Anoxic events during sedimentation of a Palaeogene diatomite in Denmark. Sedimentology, 28, 487–504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pegrum, R.M. 1984. The extension of the Tornquist zone in the Norwegian North Sea. Norsk. Geol. Tidskr. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pegrum, R.M. and Ljones, T.E. 1983. The 15/9 Gamma Gasfield: a new trap type for the North Sea with regional implications. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Perch-Nielsen, K. 1976. New silicoflagellates and a silico- flagellate zonation in the European Palaeocene and Eocene diatomites. Bull. Geol. Soc. Denmark, 25, 27–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ræstad, N. 1976. Characteristics of the lower Tertiary volcanic ashes in the northern North Sea. Thesis (unpublished). Norwegian Institute of Technology, Univ. of Trondheim, 118 pp. + Appendixes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ræstad, N. and Prestvik, T. 1982. Vulkanske askelag fra undre Tertiaer i nordlige Nordsjø. Abstr. Nordisk Geo- logisk Vintermøte, Reykjavik 1982, p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Self, S. and Sparks, R.S.J. 1978. Characteristics of widespread pyroclastic deposits formed by interaction of silicic magma and water. Bull. Volcanol, 41 (3), 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, G.P.L. 1973. Explosive volcanic eruptions–a new classification scheme. Geol. Rundsch., 62, 431–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, G.P.L. 1980. The Taupo pumice: product of the most powerful known (ultraplinian) eruption? J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 8, 69–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, G.P.L., 1981. Plinian eruptions and their products. Bull. Volcanol. 44, 223–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, G.P.L. and Croasdale, R. 1972. Characteristics of some basaltic pyroclastics. Bull. Volcanol. 35, 303–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, S.N. 1983. Plinian airfall deposits of basaltic composition. Geology, 11, 211–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, P.A. 1982. Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe. Shell Interationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 130 pp. with enclosures.

    Google Scholar 

  • Am, K. 1973. Geophysical indications of Permian and Tertiary igneous activity in the Skagerrak. Norges Geol. Unders., 287, 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geologisk Laboratorium, Statoil, Stavanger, Norway

    O. A. Malm, O. Bruun Christensen & K. Lorange Østby

  2. Universitet i Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    H. Furnes & R. Løvlie

  3. Norges Tekniske Høyskole (NTH), Trondheim, Norway

    H. Ruselåtten

Authors
  1. O. A. Malm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. O. Bruun Christensen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H. Furnes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R. Løvlie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. H. Ruselåtten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. K. Lorange Østby
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

A. M. Spencer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Norwegian Petroleum Society

About this paper

Cite this paper

Malm, O.A., Christensen, O.B., Furnes, H., Løvlie, R., Ruselåtten, H., Østby, K.L. (1984). The Lower Tertiary Balder Formation: An organogenic and tuffaceous deposit in the North Sea region. In: Spencer, A.M. (eds) Petroleum Geology of the North European Margin. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5626-1_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5626-1_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8982-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-5626-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation