Abstract
In the nineteenth century the advancement of science was largely due to an organized, descriptive effort associated with a number of important discoveries. It rested on a freeing of the intellect in a way that permitted scientific empiricism; it was aided by meaningful advances in chemistry and by the use of such essential aids as microscopy. The main interest of twentieth century medicine has been in its social implications and its development of many effective means of therapy.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Mendel, Gregor Johann. Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybride006E. Verh. Naturf. Vereines Brünn (1865), 1866, 4, 3–47
Bateson, William. Mendel’s principles of heredity. Cambridge, Univ. Press, 1909
Vries, Hugo Marie de. Die Mutationstheorie. 2 vols. Leipzig, Veit & Co., 1901–3
Galton, Sir Francis. Natural inheritance. London, Macmillan & Co., 1889
Bateson, William. Materials for the study of variation treated with especial regard to discontinuity in the origin of species. London, Macmillan & Co., 1894
Johannsen, Wilhelm Ludwig. Ueber Erblichkeit in Populationen und in reinen Linien. Jena,G. Fischer, 1903
Sutton, Walter Stanborough. The chromosomes in heredity. Biol. Bull., 1903, 4, 231–51
Morgan, Thomas Hunt. Sex-linked inheritance in Drosophilia. Science, 1910, 32, 120–22
Sturtevant, Alfred Henry. The linear arrangement of six sex-linked factors in Drosophila, as shown by their mode of association. J. Exp. Zool., 1913, 14, 43–59
Morgan, Thomas Hunt et al. The mechanism of Mendelian heredity. New York, H. Holt, 1915
Muller, Hermann Joseph. Artificial transmutation of the gene. Science, 1927, 66, 84–7
Timoféeff-Ressovsky, Nikolai Vladimirovich. et al. Ueber die Natur der Genmutation und der Genstruktur. Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math.-Fis. Kl., Fachgr. 6, 1935, 1, 189–245
Avery, Oswald Theodore et al. Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. Induction of transformation by a desoxy-ribonucleic acid fraction from pneumococcus type III. J. Exp. Med., 1944, 79, 137–58
Lederberg, Joshua and Tatum, Edward Lawrie. Gene recombination in Escherichia coli. Nature (Lond.), 1946, 158, 558
Barr, Murray Llewellyn and Bertram, Ewart George. A morphological distinction between neurones of the male and female, and the behaviour of the nucleolar satellite during accelerated nucleo-protein synthesis. Nature (Lond.), 1949, 163, 676–7
Hershey, Alfred Day and Chase, Martha Cowles. Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage. J. Gen. Physiol., 1952, 36, 39–56
Tjio, Joe Hin and Levan, Albert. The chromosome number of man. Hereditas (Lund), 1956, 42, 1–6
Baker, John Randal. The cell-theory: a restatement, history, and critique. Q. J. Micr. Sci., 1948, 89, 103–25; 1949, 90, 87–108; 1952, 93, 157–90
Nuttall, George Henry Falkiner. Experimente über die bacterienfeindlichen Einflüsse des thierischen Körpers. Z. Hyg. InfektKr., 1888, 4, 353–94
Buchner, Hans. Ueber die bakterientödtende Wirkung des zellenfreien Blutserums. Zbl. Bakt., 1889, 5, 817–23; 6, 1–11
Sternberg, George Miller. Practical results of bacteriological researches.Trans. Ass. Am. Phycns., 1892, 7, 68–86
Bordet, Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent. Contribution à l’étude du sérum chez les animaux vaccinés. Ann. Soc. R. Sci. Méd. Nat. Brux., 1895, 4, 455–530
Bordet, Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent. Sur l’agglutination et la dissolution des globules rouges par le sérum d’animaux injectés de sang défibriné. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 1898, 12, 688–95; 1899, 13, 225–50
Widal, Georges Fernand Isidor and Sicard, Arthur. Recherches de la réaction agglutinante dans le sang et le sérum desséchés des typhiques et dans la sérosité des vésicatoires. Bull. Mém. Soc. Méd. Hôp. Paris, 1896, 3 sér., 13, 681–82
Bordet, Jules Jean B.P. and Gengou, Octave. Sur l’existence de substances sensibilisatrices dans la plupart des sérums antimicrobiens. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 1901, 15, 289–302
Metchnikoff, Elie. L’immunité dans les maladies infectieuses. Paris, Masson, 1901
Breinl, Friedrich and Haurowitz, Felix. Chemische Untersuchung des Präzipitates aus Hämoglobin und Anti-Hämoglobin-Serum und Bemerkungen über die Natur der Antikörper. Hoppe-Seyl. Z. Physiol. Chem., 1930, 192, 45–57
Landsteiner, Karl. Die Spezifizität der serologischen Reaktionen. Berlin, Springer, 1933
Tiselius, Arne Wilhelm Kaurin and Kabat, Elvin Abraham. An electrophoretic study of immune sera and purified antibody preparations. J. Exp. Med., 1939, 69, 119–31
Freund, Jules Thomas and McDermott, Katherine. Sensitization to horse serum by means of adjuvants. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N.Y.), 1942, 49, 548–53
Landsteiner, Karl and Chase, Merrill Wallace. Experiments on transfer of cutaneous sensitivty to simple compounds. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N. Y.), 1942, 49, 688–90
Coons, Albert Hewett and Kaplan, Melvin H. Localization of antigen in tissue cells. II. Improvements in a method for the detection of antigen by means of fluorescent antibody. J. Exp. Med., 1950, 91, 1–13
Grabar, Pierre and Williams, C. A. Méthode permettant l’étude conjugée des propriétés électrophorétiques et immunochimiqes d’un mélange de protéines. Application au sérum sanguin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1953, 10, 193–4
Mayer, Manfred Martin and Levine, Lawrence. Kinetic studies on immune hemolysis. II–IV. Immunol., 1954, 72, 511–30
Yalow, Rosalyn Sussman and Berson, Solomon. Immunoassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man. J. Clin. Invest., 1960, 39, 1157–75
Twort, Frederick William. An investigation on the nature of ultra-microscopic viruses. Lancet, 1915, 2, 1241–43
d’Herelle, Félix Hubert. Sur une microbe invisible antagoniste des bacilles dysentérique. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 1917, 165, 373–75
Gierer, Alfred and Schramm, Gerhard. Infectivity of ribonucleic acid from tobacco mosaic virus. Nature (Lond.), 1956, 177, 702–03
Roitt, Ivan Maurice et al. Autoantibodies in Hasimoto’s disease (lymphadenoid goitre). Lancet, 1956, 2, 820–21
Isascs, Alick and Lindenmann, Jean. Virus interference. I. The interferon. Proc. R. Soc. B, 1957, 147, 258–67
Uhlenhuth, Paul Theodor. Zur Lehre von der Unterscheidung verschiedener Eiweissarten mit Hilfe spezifischer Sera. InFestschrift zur sechzigsten Geburstage von Robert Koch. Jena, G. Fischer, 1903, pp. 49–74
Little, Clarence Cook and Tyzzer, Ernest Edward. Further experimental studies on the inheritance of susceptibility to a transplantable tumour, carcinoma (J.W.A.) of the Japanese waltzing mouse. J. Med. Res., 1916, 33, 393–427
Little, Clarence Cook. The genetics of tissue transplantation in mammals. J. Cancer Res., 1924, 8, 75–95
Gorer, Peter Alfred. The genetic and antigenic basis of tumour transplantation. J. Pathol. Bact., 1937, 44, 691–7; 1938, 47, 231–52
Gibson, Thomas and Medawar, Sir Peter Brian. The fate of skin homografts in man. J. Anat. (Lond.), 1943, 77, 299–310
Burnet, Sir Frank Macfarlane and Fenner, Frank John. The production of antibodies. 2nd edn. Melbourne, Macmillan, 1949
Billingham, Rupert Everett et al. ‘Activity acquired tolerance’ of foreign cells. Nature (Lond.), 1953, 172, 603–06
Billingham, Rupert Everett et al. Quantitative studies on tissue transplantation immunity. I. The survival times of skin homografts exchanged between members of different inbred strains of mice. II. The origin, strength and duration of actively and adoptively acquired immunity. Proc. R. Soc. B, 1954, 143, 43–80
Burnet, Sir Frank Macfarlane. The clonal selection theory of acquired immunity. Nashville, Vanderbilt University Press, 1959
Medawar, Sir Peter Brian. The homograft reaction. Proc. R. Soc. B., 1958, 149, 145–66
Payne, Rose Marise. Leukocyte agglutinins in human sera. Correlations between blood transfusions and their development. Arch. Intern. Med., 1957, 99, 587–606
Rood, J. J. van et al. Leucocyte antibodies in sera from pregnant women. Nature (Lond.), 1958, 181, 1735–6
Dausset, Jean. Iso-leuco-anticorps. Acta Haemat. (Basel), 1958, 20, 156–66
Snell, George Davis. Histocompatibility genes of the mouse. J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 1958, 20, 787–824; 21, 843–75
Benacerraf, Baruj and McDevitt, Hugh O’Neill. Histocompatibility-linked immune response genes. Science, 1972, 175, 273–79
Miller, Jacques Francis Albert Pierre. Immunological function of the thymus. Lancet, 1961, 2, 748–49
Gowans, James Learmonth et al. Initiation of immune responses by small lymphocytes. Nature (Lond.), 1962, 196, 651–5
Edelman, Gerald Maurice et al. The covalent structure of an entire γG immunoglobulin molecule. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 1969, 63, 78–85
Portier, Paul and Richet, Charles Robert. De l’action anaphylactique de certains venins. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 1902, 54, 170–72
Arthus, Nicolas Maurice. Injections répétées de sérum de cheval chez le lapin. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 1903, 55, 817–20
Auer, John and Lewis, Paul A. The physiology of the immediate reaction of anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig. J. Exp. Med., 1910, 12, 151–75
Hamburger, Franz and Moro, Ernst. Ueber die biologisch nachweisbaren Veränderungen des menschlichen Blutes nach den Seruminjektion. Wien. Klin. Wschr., 1903, 16, 445–7
Pirquet von Cesenatico, Clemens Peter and Schick, Bela. Die Serumkrankheit. Wien, F. Deuticke, 1905
Pirquet von Cesenatico, Clemens Peter. Klinische Studien über Vakzination und vakzinale Allergie. Leipzig, Wien, F. Deuticke, 1907
Lewis, Sir Thomas and Grant, Ronald Thomson. Vascular reactions of the skin to injury. II. The liberation of a histamine-like substance in injured skin; the underlying cause of factitious urticaria and of wheals produced by burning; and observations upon the nervous control of certain skin reactions. Heart, 1924, 11, 209–65
Lewis, Sir Thomas. The blood-vessels of the human skin and their responses. London, Shaw, 1927
Dragstedt, Carl Albert and Gebauer-Fuelnegg, Erich. Studies in anaphylaxis. Am. J. Physiol., 1932, 102, 512–26
Storm van Leeuwen, Willem. Allergic diseases; diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma, hay-fever, and other allergic diseases. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott, 1925
Heimstädt, Oskar. Das Fluoreszenzmikroskop. Z. Wiss. Mikr., 1911, 28, 330–37
Knoll, Max and Ruska, Ernst. Beitrag zur geometrischen Elektronenoptik. Ann. Physik, 1932, 12, 607–61
Zernike, Frits. Das Phasenkontrastverfahren b.d. mikroskopischen Beobachtung. Phys. Z., 1935, 36, 848–51
Ehrenberg, Werner and Spear, W. E. An electrostatic focussing system and its application to a fine focus X-ray tube. Proc. Phys. Soc. (Lond.), B, 1951, 64, 67–75
Spemann, Hans and Mangold, Hilde. Über Induktion von Embryonalanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren. Wilhelm Roux Arch. EntwMech. Org., 1924, 100, 599–638
Holtfreter, Johannes. Gewebeaffinität, ein Mittel der embryonalen Formbildung. Arch. Exp. Zellforsch., 1939, 23, 169–209
Ehrlich, Paul. Collected papers of Paul Ehrlich. Compiled and edited by F. Himmelweit. 3 vols. London, Pergamon Press, 1956–60
Ehrlich, Paul. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der granulirten Bindegewebszellen und der eosinophilen Leukocythen. Arch. Anat. Physiol., Physiol. Abt., 1879, 166–69
Ehrlich, Paul. Ueber die Methylenblaureaction der lebenden Nervensubstanz. Dtsch. Med. Wschr., 1886, 12, 49–52
Harrison, Ross Granville. The outgrowth of the nerve fibre as a mode of protoplasmic movement. J. Exp. Zool., 1910, 9, 787–846
Carrel, Alexis. Rejuvenation of cultures of tissues. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1911, 57, 1611
Ramón Y Cajal, Santiago. Degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system. 2 vols. London, Humphrey Milford, 1928
Fell, Dame Honor Bridget and Robison, Robert. The growth, development and phosphatase activity of embryonic avian femora in limb-buds cultivated in vitro. Biochem. J., 1929, 23, 767–84
Sanford, Katherine Koontz et al. The growth in vitro of single isolated tissue cells.J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 1948, 9, 229–46
Aterman, Kurt. Some local factors in the restoration of the rat’s liver after partial hepatectomy. 1. Glycogen; the Golgi apparatus; sinusoidal cells; the basement membranes of the sinusoids. Arch: Pathol. (Chicago), 1952, 53, 197–208
Brian, Thomas. The Pisse-prophet or certaine pissepot lectures. London, E.P. for R. Thrale, 1637
Bush, Ronnie Beth. Urine is an harlot, or a lier. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1969, 208, 131–134
Rouelle, Hilaire Marie. Observations sur l’urine humaine. J. Méd. Chir. Pharm., 1773, 40, 451–68
Scheele, Carl Wilhelm. Undersökning om blåsestenen. Kongl. Vetenskaps-Acad. Handl., 1776, 37, 327–32
Wollaston, William Hyde. On cystic oxide, a new species of urinary calculus. Phil. Trans., 1810, 100, 223–30
Chevreul, Michel Eugène. Recherches chimiques sur plusieurs corps gras, et particulièrement sur leurs combinations avec les calculs. Cinquième mémoire. Des corps qu’on a appelés adipocire, c’est-à-dire, de la substance cristallisée des calculs biliaires humains, du spermacéti et de la substance grasse des cadavres. Ann. Chim. (Paris), 1815, 95, 5–50
Braconnot, Henri. Mémoire sur la conversion des matières animales en nouvelles substances par le moyen de l’acide sulfurique. Ann. Chim. Phys., 1820, Sér. 2, 13, 113–25
Chevreul, Michel Eugène. Recherches chimiques sur les corps gras d’origine animale. Paris, F. G. Levrault, 1823
Chevreul, Michel Eugène. Neues eigenthümliches stickstoffhaltiges Princip, in Muskelfleisch gefunden. J. Chem. Physik, 1832, 65, 455–56
Pettenkofer, Max Josef von. Notiz über eine neue Reaction auf Galle und Zucker. Ann. Chem. Pharm., 1844, 52, 90–96
Fehling, Hermann Christian von. Quantitative Bestimmung des Zuckers im Harn. Arch. Physiol. Heilk., 1848, 7, 64–73
Marcet, William. On the immediate principles of human excrements in the healthy state. Phil. Trans., 1857, 147, 403–13
Jaffé, Max. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Gallen- und Harnpigmente. J. Prakt. Chem., 1868, 104, 401–06
Kühne, Willy. Erfahrungen und Bemerkungen über Enzyme und Fermente. Untersuch. Physiol. Inst. Univ. Heidelberg., 1878, 1, 291–324
Kjeldahl, Johann. En ny Methode til kvaelstofbestemmelse i organiske Stoffer. Medd. Carlsberg Lab. (Kbh.), 1883, 2, 1–27
Hay, Matthew. Test for the bile acids. In Landois and Stirling: Text-book of Human Physiology, 2nd edn., London, 1886, 1, 381
Jaffé, Max. Ueber den Niederschlag, welchen Pikrinsäure in normalen Harn erzeugt und über eine neue Reaction des Kreatinins. Hoppe-Seyl. Z. Physiol. Chem., 1886, 10, 391–400
Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland. On the estimation of uric acid in the urine. J. Pathol. Bact., 1892–93, 1, 451–59
Buchner, Eduard. Alkoholische Gärung ohne Hefezellen. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 1897, 30, 117–24, 1110–13, 2668–78
Dutrochet, Réné Joachim Henri. Nouvelles observations sur l’endosmose et l’exosmose. Ann. Chim. Phys., 1827, 35, 393–400; 1828, 37, 191–201; 1832, 49, 411–37; 51, 159–66; 1835, 60, 337–68
Miescher, Johann Friedrich. Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen. In F. Hoppe-Seyler: Medicinisch-chemische Untersuchungen, Berlin, 1871, Heft 4, 441–60
Kossei, Albrecht. Zur Chemie des Zellkerns. Hoppe-Seyl. Z. Physiol. Chem., 1882–83, 7, 7–22; 1886, 10, 248–64; 1896–97, 22, 176–87
Arrhenius, Svante August. Ueber die Dissociation der in Wasser gelösten Stoffe. Z. Physikal. Chem., 1887, 1, 631–48
Kossei, Albrecht. Ueber die Eiweisstoffe. Dtsch. Med. Wschr., 1898, 24, 581–82
Levene, Phoebus Aaron Theodore. Darstellung und Analyse einiger Nucleinsäuren. Hoppe-Seyl. Z. Physiol. Chem., 1903, 39, 4–8, 133–35, 479–83
Fischer, Emil. Untersuchungen über Aminosäuren, Polypeptide und Proteine. Berlin, J. Springer, 1906
Willock, Edith Gertrude and Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland. The importance of individual amino-acids in metabolism. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1906, 35, 88–102
Fletcher, Sir Walter Morley and Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland. Lactic acid in amphibian muscle. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1907, 35, 247–309
Hasselbaich, Karl Albert and Lundsgaard, Christen. Elektrometrische Reaktionsbestimmung des Blutes bei Körpertemperatur. Biochem. Z. 1912, 38, 77–91
Fiske, Cyrus Hartwell and Subbarow, Yellapragada. Phosphorus compounds of muscle and liver. Science, 1929, 70, 381–382
Keilin, David. Cytochrome and respiratory enzymes. Proc. R. Soc. B, 1929, 104, 206–52
Meldrum, Norman Urquhart and Roughton, Fancis John Worsley. Carbonic anhydrase. Its preparation and properties. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1933, 80, 113–42
Krebs, Sir Hans Adolf and Johnson, William Arthur. Citric acid in intermediate metabolism in animal tissues. Enzymologia, 1937, 4, 148–56
Chargaff, Erwin. Chemical specificity of nucleic acids and the mechanism of their enzymatic degradation. Experientia (Basel), 1950, 6, 201–9
Watson, James Dewey and Crick, Francis Harry Compton. Molecular structure of nucleic acids. A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature (Lond.), 1953, 171, 737–38
Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick et al. Helical structure of crystalline deoxypentose nucleic acid. Nature (Lond.), 1953, 172, 759–62
Watson, James Dewey and Crick, Francis Harry. Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid. Nature (Lond.), 1953, 171, 964–67
Grunberg-Manago, Marianne and Ochoa de Albornoz, Severo. Enzymatic synthesis and breakdown of polynucleotides; polynucleotide Phosphorylase. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77, 3165–66
Kornberg, Arthur et al. Enzymic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1956, 21, 197–98
Theorell, Axel Hugo Teodor. The nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes. Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1955. InFestschrift Arthur Stoll, Basel, Birkhäuser, 1957, pp. 35–47
Gilham, Peter Thomas and Khorana, Har Gobind. Studies on polynucleotides. I. A new and general method for the chemical synthesis of the C 5′–C3′ internucleotide linkage. Synthesis of deoxyribo-denucleotides. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1958, 80, 6212–22
Brenner, Sydney et al. An unstable intermediate carrying information from genes to ribosomes for protein synthesis. Nature (Lond.), 1961, 190, 576–80
Matthaei, J. Heinrich and Nirenberg, Marshall Warren. Characteristics and stabilization of DNAase-sensitive protein synthesis in E. coli extracts. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 1961, 47, 1580–88
Holley, Robert William et al. Structure of a ribonucleic acid. Science, 1965, 147, 1462–65
Robson, George Alan, Butcher, Reginald William and Sutherland, Earl Wilber. Cyclic AMP. Ann. Rev. Biochem., 1968, 37, 149–74
Tabin, Clifford J. et al. Mechanism of activation of a human oncogene. Nature (Lond.), 1982, 300, 143–149
Reddy, E. Premkumar et al. A point mutation is responsible for the acquisition of transforming properties by the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene.Nature (Lond.), 1982, 300, 149–152
Euler, Ulf Svante Hansson von. Zur Kenntnis der pharmakologischen Wirkungen von Nativsekreten und Extrakten männlicher accessorischer Geschlechtdrüsen. Arch. Exp. Pathol., Pharmak., 1934, 175, 78–84
Hamberg, Mats et al. Thromboxanes: a new group of biologically active compounds derived from prostaglandin endoperoxides. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 1975, 72, 2994–98
Vane, John R. Prostacyclin. J. R. Soc. Med., 1983, 76, 245–249
Osler, Sir William, Bart. An account of certain organisms ocurring in the liquor sanguinis. Proc. R. Soc. (Lond.), (1873), 1874, 22, 391–98
Bizzozero, Giulio. Su di un nuovo elemento morfologico del sangue dei mammiferi e della sua importanza nella trombosi e nella coagulazione.Osservatore, 1882, 17, 785–87; 18, 97–99
Wright, James Homer. The origin and nature of the blood plates. Boston Med. Surg. J., 1906, 154, 643–45
Hammarsten, Olof. Undersökningar af de s.k. fibringeneratorerna fibrinet samt fibrinogenets koagulation. Upsala LäkFören. Förh., 1875–76, 11, 538–79
Arthus, Nicolas Maurice and Pagès, Calixte. Nouvelle théorie chimique de la coagulation du sang. Arch. Physiol. Norm. Pathol., 1890. 5 ser. 2, 732–46
Howell, William Henry. The preparation and properties of thrombin, together with observations on antithrombin and prothrombin. Am. J. Physiol., 1910, 26, 453–73
Howell, William Henry. The role of antithrombin and thromboplastin (thromboplastic substance) in the coagulation of blood. Am. J. Physiol., 1911–12, 29, 187–209
McLean, Jay. The thromboplastic action of cephalin. Am. J. Physiol., 1916, 41, 250–57
Howell, William Henry and Holt, Luther Emmett. Two new factors in blood coagulation – heparin and pro-antithrombin. Am. J. Physiol., 1918–19, 47, 328–41
Ehrlich, Paul. Methodologische Beiträge zur Physiologie und Pathologie der verschiedenen Formen der Leukocyten. Z. Klin. Med., 1879–80, 1, 553–560
Haidane, John Scott. The colorimetric determination of haemoglobin.J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1901, 26, 497–504
Vaughan, Victor Clarence. On the appearance and significance of certain granules in the erythrocytes of man. J. Med. Res., 1903, 10, 342–66
Price-Jones, Cecil. The variation in the sizes of red blood cells.Br. Med. J., 1910, 2, 1418–19
Keith, Norman Macdonnell et al. A method for the determination of plasma and blood volume. Arch. Intern. Med., 1915, 16, 547–76
Landsteiner, Karl. Zur Kenntniss der antifermentativen, lytischen und agglutinierenden Wirkungen des Blutserums und der Lymphe. Zbl. Bakt., 1900, 27, 357–62
Janský, Jan. Haematologické Studie u psychotiku. Sborn. Klinický, 1906–07, 8, 85–139
Moss, William Lorenzo. Studies on isoagglutinins and isohemolysins. Johns Hopk. Hosp. Bull., 1910, 21, 63–70
Morton, Leslie T. A medical bibliography (Garrison and Morton). 4th edn. Aldershot, Gower, 1983, p. 117
Landsteiner, Karl and Levine, Philip. A new agglutinable factor differentiating individual human bloods. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N.Y.), 1927, 24, 600–02
Levine, Philip and Stetson, Rufus E. An unusual case of intra-group agglutination. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1939, 113, 126–27
Moureau, Paul. Recherches sur un nouvel hémo-agglutinogène du sang humain. Acta Biol. Belg., 1941, 1, 123–28
Landsteiner, Karl and Wiener, Alexander Solomon. An agglutinable factor in human blood recognized by immune sera for Rhesus blood. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N. Y.), 1940, 43, 223
Cohn, Edwin Joseph et al. Chemical, clinical and immunological studies on the products of human plasma fractionation. J. Clin. Invest., 1944, 23, 417–606
Friedreich, Nikolaus. Ein neuer Fall von Leukämie. Virchows Arch. Pathol. Anat., 1857, 12, 37–58
Henoch, Eduard Heinrich. Über den Zusammenhang von Purpura und Intestinalstörungen.Berl. Klin. Wschr., 1868, 5, 517–19
Ehrlich, Paul. Farbenanalytische Untersuchungen zur Histologie und Klinik. Berlin, A. Hirschwald, 1891
Brown, Philip King and Ophüls, William. A fatal case of acute primary infectious pharyngitis. Trans. Med. Soc. Calif., 1901, 93–101
Türk, Wilhelm. Septische Erkrankungen bei Verkümmerung des Granulozytensystems. Wien. Klin. Wschr., 1907, 20, 157–62
Schultz, Werner. Gangräneszierende Prozesse und Defekt des Granulocytensystems. Dtsch. Med. Wschr, 1922, 48, 1495–96
Bulloch, William and Fildes, Sir Paul. Haemophilia. London, Dulau & Co., 1911
Willebrand, Erik Adolf von. Hereditär pseudohemofili. Fin. Läk.-Sallsk. Handl., 1926, 68, 87–112
Patek, Arthur Jackson and Taylor, Francis Henry Laskey. Hemophilia. II. Some properties of a substance obtained from normal human plasma effective in accelerating the coagulation of hemophilic blood. J. Clin. Invest., 1937, 16, 113–24
Biggs, Rosemary Peyton et al. Christmas disease, a condition previously mistaken for haemophilia. Br. Med. J., 1952, 2, 1378–82
Reschad, Hassan and Schilling-Torgau, V. Ueber eine neue Leukämie durch echte Uebergangsformen (Splenozytenleukämie) und ihre Bedeutung für die Selbständigkeit dieser Zellen. Münch. Med. Wschr., 1913, 60, 1981–84
Levine, Philip et al. The rôle of iso-immunization in the pathogenesis of erythroblastosis fetalis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynec., 1941, 42, 925–37
Hart, Alfred Purvis. Familial icterus gravis of the new-born and its treatment. Can. Med. Assoc. J., 1925, 15, 1008–112
Diamond, Louis Klein. Replacement transfusion as a treatment for erythroblastosis fetalis. Pediatrics, 1948, 2, 520–24
Liley, Albert William. Intrauterine transfusion of foetus in haemolytic disease.Br. Med. J., 1963, 2, 1107–9
Freda, Vincent J. et al. Successful prevention of experimental Rh sensitization in man with an anti-Rh gamma2-globulin antibody preparation. Transfusion, 1964, 4, 26–32
Westergren, Alf Vilhelm. Studies of the suspension stability of the blood in pulmonary tuberculosis. Acta Med. Scand., 1921, 54, 247–82
Wintrobe, Maxwell Myer and Landsberg, J. Walter. A standardized technique for the blood sedimentation test. Am. J. Med. Sci., 1935, 189, 102–15
Quick, Armand James. The prothrombin in hemophilia and in obstructive jaundice. J. Biol. Chem., 1935, 109, lxxiii–lxxix
Coombs, Robin Royston Amos et al. Detection of weak and “incomplete” Rh agglutinins: a new test. Lancet, 1945, 2, 15–16
Gardner, William and Osler, Sir William, Bart. A case of progressive pernicious anaemia, (idiopathic of Addison). Can. Med. Surg. J., 1877, 5, 383–404
Ehrlich, Paul. Über einige Beobachtungen am anämischen Blut. Berl. Klin. Wschr., 1881, 18, 43
Banti, Guido. Dell’ anemia splenica. Firenze, succ. Le Monnier, 1882
Leichtenstern, Otto. Ueber progressive pernieiöse Anämie bei Tabeskranken. Dtsch. Med. Wschr., 1884, 10, 849
Ehrlich, Paul. Ueber einen Fall von Anämie mit Bemerkungen über regenerative Veränderungen des Knochenmarks. Charité-Ann., 1888, 13, 300–09
Bunge, Gustav von. Ueber die Eisentherapie. Verh. Congr. Inn. Med., 1895, 13, 133–47
Herrick, James Bryan. Peculiar elongated and sickle-shaped red blood corpuscles in a case of severe anemia. Arch. Intern. Med., 1910, 6, 517–21; Trans. Assoc. Am. Phys., 1910, 25, 553–61
Faber, Knud Helge. Anämische Zustände bei der chronischen Achylia gastrica.Berl. Klin. Wschr., 1913, 50, 958–62
Osler, Sir William, Bart. Observations on the severe anaemias of pregnancy and the postpartum state. Br. Med. J., 1919, 1, 1–3
Mason, Verne Rheem. Sickle cell anemia. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1922, 79, 1318–20
Robscheit-Robbins, Frieda Saur and Whipple, George Hoyt. Blood regeneration in severe anaemia. II. Favourable influence of liver, heart and skeletal muscle in diet. Am. J. Physiol., 1925, 72, 408–18
Minot, George Richards and Murphy, William Parry. Treatment of pernicious anemia by a special diet.J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1926, 87, 470–76
Cooley, Thomas Benton et al. Anemia in children, with splenomegaly and peculiar changes in the bones. Am. J. Dis. Child., 1927, 34, 347–63
Fanconi, Guido. Familiäre infantile perniziosaartige Anämie (perniziöses Blutbild und Konstitution). Jb. Kinderheilk., 1927, 117, 257–80
Peabody, Francis Weld. The pathology of the bone marrow in pernicious anaemia. Am. J. Pathol., 1927, 3, 179–202
Castle, William Bosworth. Observations on the etiologic relationship of achylia gastrica to pernicious anemia. I. The effect of the administration to patients with pernicious anemia of the contents of the normal human stomach recovered after the ingestion of beef muscle. Am. J. Med. Sci., 1929, 178, 748–64
Sturgis, Cyrus Cressey and Issacs, Raphael. Desiccated stomach in the treatment of pernicious anemia. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1929, 93, 747–49
Wintrobe, Maxwell Myer. Classification of the anemias on the basis of differences in the size and hemoglobin content of the red corpuscles. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N. Y.), 1930, 27, 1071–73
Wills, Lucy. Treatment of “pernicious anaemia of pregnancy” and “tropical anaemia”, with special reference to yeast extract as a curative agent. Br. Med. J., 1931, 1, 1059–64
Whipple, George Hoyt and Bradford, William L. Mediterranean disease – thalassemia (erythroblastic anemia of Cooley); associated pigment abnormalities simulating hemochromatosis.J. Pediatr., 1936, 9, 279–311
Caminopetros, J. Recherches sur l’anémie érythroblastique infantile des peuples de la Méditerranée orientale. Étude anthropologique, étiologique et pathogenique. La transmission héréditaire de la maladie. Ann. Méd., 1938, 43, 104–25
Spies, Tom Douglas et al. Observations of the anti-anemic properties of synthetic folic acid. Sth. Med. J. (Nashville), 1945, 38, 707–09
Angier, Robert Crane et al. Structure and synthesis of liver L. casei factor. Science, 1946, 103, 667–69
West, Randolph. Activity of vitamin B12 in Addisonian pernicious anemia. Science, 1948, 107, 398
Ungley, Charles Cady. Vitamin B12 in pernicious anaemia: parenteral administration. Br. Med. J., 1949, 2, 1370–77
Pauling, Linus Carl et al. Sickle cell anemia, a molecular disease. Science, 1949, 110, 543–48
Willius, Frederick Arthur and Keys, Thomas Edward. Cardiac classics. A collection of classic works on the heart and circulation with comprehensive biographic accounts of the authors. St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Co., 1941
Wintrobe, Maxwell Myer. Blood, pure and eloquent. A story of discovery, of people, and of ideas. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1980
Wilks, Sir Samuel, Bart. Cases of a peculiar enlargement of the lymphatic glands frequently associated with disease of the spleen. Guy’s Hosp. Rep., 1856, 3 ser. 2, 114–32; 1865, 3 ser. 11, 56–67
Langhans, Theodor. Das maligne Lymphosarkom (Pseudoleukämie).Virchows Arch. Pathol. Anat., 1872, 54, 509–37
Greenfield, William Smith. Specimens illustrative of the pathology of lymphadenoma and leucocythemia. Trans. Pathol. Soc. Lond., 1878, 29, 272–304
Reed, Dorothy. On the pathological changes in Hodgkin’s disease, with especial reference to its relation to tuberculosis. Johns Hopk. Hosp. Rep., 1902, 10, 133–96
Pel, Pieter Klazes. Zur Symptomatologie der sog. Pseudo-Leukämie. Berl. Klin. Wschr., 1885, 22, 3–7
Ebstein, Wilhelm. Das chronische Rückfallsfieber, eine neue Infektionskrankheit.Berl. Klin. Wschr., 1887, 24, 565–68
Dreschfeld, Julius. Clinical lecture on acute Hodgkin’s disease. Br. Med. J., 1892, 1, 893–96
Kundrat, Hans. Ueber Lympho-Sarkomatosis. Wien. Klin. Wschr., 1893, 6, 211–13, 234–39
Gaucher, Philippe Charles Ernest. De l’épithélioma primitif de la rate, hypertrophie idio – pathique de la rate sans leucémie. Paris,Thèse, 1882
Sternberg, Carl. Ueber eine eigenartige, unter dem Bilde der Pseudoleukämie verlaufende Tuberkulose des lymphatischen Apparates. Z. Heilk., 1898, 19, 21–90
Aschoff, Karl Albert Ludwig. Das reticulo-endotheliale System.Ergebn. Inn. Med., 1924, 26, 1–118
Landois, Leonard. Auflösung der rothen Blutzellen. Zbl. Med. Wiss., 1874, 12, 419–22
Hustin, Albert. Note sur une nouvelle méthode de transfusion.Bull. Soc. R. Sci. Méd. Brux., 1914, 72, 104–11
Agote, Luis. Nuevo procedimiento para la transfusion de la sangre. An. Inst. Mod. Clin. Méd. (B. Aires), 1914–15, 1, 24–31
Lewisohn, Richard. A new and greatly simplified method of blood transfusion. A preliminary report. Med. Ree. (N.Y.), 1915, 87, 141–42
Robertson, Oswald Hope. Transfusion with preserved red blood cells. Med. Bull. (Paris), 1917–1918, 1, 436–40
Marriott, Hugh Leslie and Kekwick, Alan. Continuous drip blood transfusion. Lancet,1935, 1, 977–81
Hedenius, Per Johannes. A new method of blood transfusion. Acta Med. Scand., 1936, 89, 263–267
Yudin, Sergei Sergeievich. Transfusion of cadaver blood. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1936, 106, 997–99
Fantus, Bernard. The therapy of the Cook County Hospital. Blood preservation. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1937, 109, 128–31
Loutit, John Freeman and Mollison, Patrick Loudon. Advantages of a disodium-citrate-glucose mixture as a blood preservative. Br. Med. J., 1943, 2, 744–5
Grönwall, Anders Johan Troed and Ingleman, Björn. Untersuchungen über Dextran und sein Verhalten bei parenteraler Zufuhr. Acta Physiol. Scand., 1944, 7, 97–107
Smith, Audrey Ursula. Prevention of haemolysis during freezing and thawing red blood-cells. Lancet, 1950, 2, 910–11
Maluf, Noble Suydam R. History of blood transfusion. Hist. Med., 1954, 9, 59–107
Eppinger, Hans and Kloss, Karl. Zur Therapie der Polyzythämie. Therap. Mh., 1918, 32, 322–26
Butt, Hugh Roland and Snell, Albert Markley. The use of vitamin K and bile in treatment of the hemorrhagic diathesis in cases of jaundice. Proc. Mayo Clin., 1938, 13, 74–80
Gilbert, René. Radiotherapy in Hodgkin’s disease (malignant granulomatosis). Anatomic and clinical foundations; governing principles; results.Am. J. Roentgenol. 1939, 41, 198–241
Lawrence, John Hundale et al. Studies on leukemia with the aid of radioactive phosphorus. N. Int. Clin., 1939, n.s., 2, vol. 3, 33–58
Stahmann, Mark Arnold et al. Studies on the hemoorhagic sweet clover disease. V. Identification and synthesis of the hemorrhagic agent. J. Biol. Chem., 1941, 138, 513–27
The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. Eds. Goodman, louis S. and Gilman, Alfred. 5th edn. New York, Macmillan, 1975, p. 1254
Gilman, Alfred and Philips, Frederick Stanley. The biological actions and therapeutic applications of the β-chloroethyl amines and sulfides. Science, 1946, 103, 409–15
Paterson, Edith et al. Leukaemia treated with urethane compared with deep X-ray therapy. Lancet, 1946, 1, 677
Rhoads, Cornelius Packard et al. Triethylene melamine in the treatment of Hodgkin’s disease and allied neoplasms. Trans. Assoc. Am. Phycns, 1950, 63, 136–46
Elion, Gertrude B. et al. Condensed pyrimidine system. IX. The synthesis of 6-substituted pyrimidines. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1952, 74, 411–14
Haddow, Sir Alexander and Timmis, Geoffrey Millward. Myleran in chronic myeloid leukaemia: chemical constitution and biological action. Lancet, 1953, 1, 207–8
Galton, David Abraham Goiten et al. Clinical trials of p-(DI-2-chlorethylamino)-phenyl-butyric acid (CB 1348) in malignant lymphoma. Br. Med. J., 1955, 2, 1172–76
Johnson, Irving Stanley et al. The Vinca alkaloids: a new class of oncolytic agents.Cancer Res., 1963, 23, 1390–1427
Ellison, Rose Ruth et al. Arabinosyl cytosine. A useful agent in the treatment of acute leukemia in adults. Blood, 1968, 32, 507–23
Soulier, Jean Pierre and Gueguen, Jean. Action hypoprothrombinémiante (anti-K) de la phenyl-indanedione étudiée expérimentalement chez le lapin. Son application chez l’homme. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 1947, 141, 1007–11
Reinis, Z. and Kubík, Mirko. Klinische Erfahrungen mit einem neuen Präparat der Cumarinreihe. Schweiz. Med. Wschr., 1948, 78, 785–90
Ellermann, Vilhelm and Bang, O. Experimentelle Leukämie bei Hühnern. Zbl. Bakt., 1908, Abt. I, Orig., 46, 595–609
Sherry, Sol et al. Studies on enhanced fibrinolytic activity in man.J. Clin. Invest., 1959, 38, 810–822
Flute, Peter T. The fibrinolytic system of human plasma. Thesis, MD, University of London, 1960
Fearnley, George R. Evidence of a diurnal fibrinolytic rhythm; with a simple method of measuring natural fibrinolysis. Clin. Sci., 1957, 16, 645–650
Chakrabarti, R., Hocking, E. D., Fearnley, G. R., Mann, R. D., Attwell, T. N. and Jackson, D. Fibrinolytic activity and coronary artery disease.Lancet, 1968, 1, 1987–1990
Morau, Henri. Inoculation en série d’une tumeur épithéliale de la souris blanche. C. R. Soc. Biol., 1891, 43, 289–90
Loeb, Leo. On transplantation of tumors. J. Med. Res., 1901, 6, 28–38
Jensen, Carl Oluf. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über Krebs bei Mäusen. Zbl. Bakt., 1903, Abt. I, Orig., 34, 28–34, 122–43
Rous, Francis Peyton. A transmissible avian neoplasm (sarcoma of the common fowl). J. Exp. Med., 1910, 12, 696–705; 1911, 13, 397–411
Carrel, Alexis and Burrows, Montrose Thomas. Cultures de sarcoma en dehors de l’organisme.C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 1910, 69, 332–34
Sjögren, Tage Anton Ultimus. Fall af epiteliom behandladt med Roentgenstråler. Förh. Svenska Läkare-Sallskapets Sammankomster, Stockholm, 1899, p. 208
Frieben, Ernst August Franz Albert. Cancroid des rechten Handrückens. Dtsch. Med. Wschr., 1902, 28, Vereins-Beilage, 335
Perthes, Georg Clemens. Ueber den Einfluss der Röntgenstrahlen auf epitheliale Gewebe, insbesondere auf das Carcinom. Arch. Klin. Chir., 1903, 71, 955–1000
Goldeberg, S. W. and London, Efim Semenovic. Zur Frage der Beziehungen zwischen Becquerelstrahlen und Hautaffectionen. Derm. Z., 1903, 10, 457–62
Freund, Ernst and Kaminer, Gisa. Zur Diagnose des Karzinoms.Wien. Klin. Wschr., 1911, 24, 1759–64
Lathrop, A. E. C. and Loeb, Leo. Further investigations on the origin of tumors in mice. III. On the part played by internal secretion in the spontaneous development of tumors. J. Cancer Res., 1916, 1, 1–19
Bayon, Henry Peter George. Epithelial proliferation induced by the injection of gasworks tar. Lancet, 1912, 2, 1579
Kennaway, Sir Ernest Laurence. The formation of a cancer-producing substance from isoprene (2-methyl-butadiene). J. Pathol., Bact., 1924, 27, 233–38
Gye, William Ewart. The aetiology of malignant new growths. Lancet, 1925, 2, 109–17
Barnard, Joseph Edwin. The microscopical examination of filterable viruses associated with malignant new growths. Lancet, 1925, 2, 117–23
Warburg, Otto Heinrich. Ueber den Stoffwechsel der Tumoren. Berlin, J. Springer, 1926
Slye, Maud. Cancer and heredity. Ann. Intern. Med., 1928, 1, 951–76
Cook, Sir James Wilfred et al. The production of cancer by pure hydrocarbons.Proc. R. Soc. B, 1932, 111, 455–96
Bonser, Georgiana May et al. The carcinogenic action of oestrone: induction of mammary carcinoma in female mice of a strain refractory to the spontaneous development of mammary tumours. J. Pathol. Bact., 1937, 45, 709–14
Haddow, Sir Alexander et al. Influence of synthetic oestrogens upon advanced malignant disease. Br. Med. J., 1944, 2, 393–98
Shope, Richard Edwin. A transmissible tumor-like condition in rabbits. J. Exp. Med., 1932, 56, 793–802
Bittner, John Joseph. Some possible effects of nursing on the mammary gland tumor incidence in mice. Science, 1936, 84, 162
Stewart, Sarah Elizabeth et al. The induction of neoplasms with a substance released from mouse tumors by tissue culture. Virology, 1957, 3, 380–400
Vogt, Marguerite and Dulbecco, Renato. Virus-cell interaction with a tumor-producing virus.Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 1961, 46, 365–70
Temin, Howard Martin. Nature of the provirus of Rous sarcoma. National Cancer Institute Monograph 17. Bethesda, Md., National Cancer Institue, 1964, pp. 557–70
Burkitt, Denis. A sarcoma involving the jaws in African children.Br. J. Surg., 1958–59, 46, 218–23
Epstein, Michael Anthony and Barr, Y. M. Cultivation in vitro of human lymphoblasts from Burkitt’s malignant lymphoma. Lancet, 1964, 1, 252–3
Epstein, Michael Anthony et al. Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt’s lymphoma. Lancet, 1964, 1, 702–3
Shope, Thomas et al. Malignant lymphoma in cotton-top marmosets after inoculation with Epstein–Barr virus. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 1973, 70, 2487–91
Baltimore, David. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of RNA tumour viruses. Nature (Lond.), 1970, 226, 1209–11
Temin, Howard Martin and Mizutani, Satoshi. RNA-depenent DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus. Nature (Lond.), 1970, 226, 1211–13
Dulbecco, Renato. From the molecular biology of oncogenic DNA viruses to cancer. Les Prix Nobel en 1975, Stockholm, pp. 172–80
Biggs, Peter Martin et al. Field trials with an attenuated cell associated vaccine for Marek’s disease. Vet. Rec., 1970, 87, 704–9
Goodman, Louis Sanford et al. Nitrogen mustard therapy. Use of methyl-bis (beta-chloro-ethyl(amine) hydrochloride and tris (beta-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride for Hodgkin’s disease, lymphosarcoma, leukemia and certain allied and miscellaneous disorders. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1946, 132, 126–32
Leuchtenberger, Cecilie et al. “Folic acid” a tumour growth inhibitor. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N. Y.), 1944, 55, 204–05
Farber, Sidney et al. Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist 4-amethopteroylglutamic acid (aminopterin).New Engl. J. Med., 1948, 238, 787–93
Bergmann, Werner and Feeney, Robert J. Contributions to the study of marine products. XXXII. The nucleosides of sponges. I. J. Org. Chem., 1951, 16, 981–7
Everett, James Lionel et al. Aryl-2-halogenoalkylamines. Part XII. Some carboxylic derivatives of NN-Di-2-chloroethylaniline. J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 2386–92
Arnold, Herbert et al. Neuartige Krebs-Chemotherapeutica aus der Gruppe der zyklischen N-Lost-Phosphamidester. Naturwissenschaften, 1958, 45, 64–66
Gray, Louis Harold et al. The concentration of oxygen dissolved in tissues at the time of irradiation as a factor in radiotherapy. Br. J. Radiol., 1953, 26, 638–48
DeVita, Vincent T. et al. Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin’s disease. Ann. Intern. Med., 1970, 73, 881–95
Loeffler, Friedrich August Johann and Frosch, Paul. Bericht der Kommission zur Erforschung der Maul- und Klauenseuche bei dem Institut für Infektionskrankheiten. Zbl. Bakt., 1898, I. Abt., 23, 371–91
Bechhold, Heinrich. Kolloidstudien mit der Filtrationsmethode. Z. Phys. Chem., 1907, 60, 257–318
Elford, William Joseph. A new series of graded collodion membranes suitable for general bacteriological use, especially in filterable virus studies.J. Pathol. Bact., 1931, 34, 505–21
Woodruff, Alice Miles and Goodpasture, Ernest William. The susceptibility of the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos to infection with the fowl-pox virus. Am. J. Pathol., 1931, 7, 209–22
Lancefield, Rebecca Craighill. A serological differentiation of human and other groups of hemolytic streptococci. J. Exp. Med., 1933, 57, 571–95
Griffith, Frederick. The serological classification of Streptococcus pyogenes. J. Hyg. (Camb.), 1934, 34, 542–84
Stanley, Wendell Meredith. Isolation of a cyrstalline protein possessing the properties of tobacco-mosaic virus. Science, 1935, 81, 644–45
Smith, Margaret G. Propagation in tissue culture of a cytopathogenic virus from human salivary gland virus (SGV) disease. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 1956, 92, 424–30
Sweet, Benjamin Hersh and Hilleman, Maurice Ralph. The vacuolating virus SV40. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N.Y.), 1960, 105, 420–27
Rowe, Wallace Prescott et al. Isolation of a cytopathogenic agent from human adenoids undergoing spontaneous degeneration in tissue culture. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N. Y.), 1953, 84, 570–73
Luria, Salvador Edward and Dulbecco, Renato. Genetic recombinations leading to production of active bacteriophage from ultraviolet inactivated bacteriophage particles. Genetics, 1949, 34, 93–125
Schaffer, Frederick Leland and Schwerdt, Carlton Everett. Crystallization of purified MEF-1 poliomyelitis virus particles. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash), 1955, 41, 1020–23
Fraenkel-Conrat, Heinz Ludwig and Williams, Robley Cook. Reconstitution of active tobacco mosaic virus from its inactive protein and nucleic acid components. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash), 1955, 41, 690–98
Allbutt, Sir Thomas Clifford. On visceral neuroses. London, J. & A. Churchill, 1884
Allbutt, Sir Thomas Clifford. Case of cerebral disease in a syphilitic patient.St. George’s Hosp. Rep., 1868, 3, 55–65
Allbutt, Sir Thomas Clifford. Remarks on a case of locomotor ataxy with hydrarthrosis. St. George’s Hosp. Rep., 1869, 4, 259–60
Allbutt, Sir Thomas Clifford. Medical thermometry. Br. For. Med.-Chir. Rev., 1870, 45, 429–41
Allbutt, Sir Thomas Clifford. The historical relations of medicine and surgery to the end of the sixteenth century. London, Macmillan & Co., 1905
Allbutt, Sir Thomas Clifford. Diseases of the arteries, including angina pectoris. 2 vols. London, Macmillan & Co., 1915
Osler, Sir William, Bart. The Gulstonian Lectures, on malignant endocarditis. Br. Med. J., 1885, 1, 467–70, 522–26, 577–79
Osler, Sir William, Bart. The principles and practice of medicine. New York, D. Appleton, 1892
Osler, Sir William, Bart. On a family form of recurring epistaxis, asociated with multiple telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes. Johns Hopk. Hosp. Bull., 1901, 12, 333–37
Osler, Sir William, Bart. Chronic cyanosis, with polycythaemia and enlarged spleen: a new clinical entity. Am. J. Med. Sci., 1903, 126, 187–201
Vaquez, Louis Henri. Sur une forme spéciale de cyanose s’accompagnant d’hyperglobulie excessive et persistante. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 1892, 44, 384–88
Osler, Sir William, Bart. Chronic infectious endocarditis. Q. J. Med., 1908–09, 2, 219–30
Osler, Sir William, Bart. An Alabama student, and other biographical essays. London. Oxford Univ. Press, 1908
Osler, Sir William, Bart. Incunabula medica. A study of the earliest printed medical books, 1467–1480. Oxford, Univ. Press, 1923
Osler, Sir William, Bart. Bibliotheca Osleriana. A catalogue of books illustrating the history of medicine and science, collected, arranged, and annotated by Sir William Osler, Bt. and bequeathed to McGill University. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1929
Rhazes (Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakarīya al-Rāzī). Liber nonus ad Almansorem, cum commentario Sillani di Nigris. (Padua, B. Valdezochius), 1476
His, Wilhelm, Jnr. Die Thàtigkeit des embryonalen Herzens und deren Bedeutung für die Lehre von der Herzbewegung beim Erwachsenen. Arb. Med. Klin. Leipzig, 1893, 14–50
Kent, Albert Frank Stanley. Researches on the structure and function of the mammalian heart. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1893, 14, 233–54
Keith, Sir Arthur and Flack, Martin William. The form and nature of the muscular connections between the primary divisions of the vertebrate heart. J. Anat. Physiol. (Lond.), 1906–07, 41, 172–89
Tawara, Sunao. Das Reizleitungssystem des Säugethierherzens. Jena, G. Fischer, 1906
Starling, Ernest Henry. The Linacre lecture on the law of the heart. London,Longmans, Green & Co., 1918
Basch, Samuel Siegfried von. Ein Metall-Sphygmomanometer. Wien. Med. Wschr., 1883, 33, 673–675
Riva-Rocci, Scipione. Un nuovo sfigmomanometro. Gaz. Med. Torino, 1896, 47, 981–96, 1001–17
Hill, Sir Leonard Erskine and Barnard, Harold Leslie. A simple and accurate form of sphygmomanometer or arterial pressure gauge contrived for clinical use. Br. Med. J.,1897, 2, 904
Korotkov, Nikolai Sergeievich. (On methods of studying blood pressure.) Izvest. imp. voyenno-med. Akad. St. Petersburg, 1905, 11, 365
Mackenzie, Sir James. Pulsation in the veins, with the description of a method for graphically recording them. J. Pathol. Bact., 1892, 1, 53–89
Mackenzie, Sir James. The study of the pulse. Edinburgh, Y. J. Pentland, 1902
Waller, Augustus Désiré. A demonstration in man of electromotive changes accompanying the heart’s beat. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1887, 8, 299–34
Einthoven, Willem. The string galvanometer and the human electro-cardiogram. K. Akad Wet. Amst., Proc. Sect. Sci., 1903–04, 6, 107–15
Lewis, Sir Thomas. Electro-cardiography and its importance in the clinical examination of heart affections. Br. Med. J., 1912, 1, 1421–23, 1479–82; 2, 65–67
Lewis, Sir Thomas. The mechanism and graphic registration of the heart beat. London, Shaw & Sons, 1920
Pardee, Harold Ensign Bennett. An electrocardiographic sign of coronary artery obstruction. Arch. Intern. Med., 1920, 26, 244–57
Forssmann, Werner Theodor Otto. Die Sondierung des rechten Herzens.Klin. Wschr., 1929, 8, 2085–87, 2287
Santos, Reynaldo dos et al. L’artériographie des membres de l’aorte et de ses branches abdominales. Med. Contemp. (Lisboa), 1929, 47, 93–96
Wolferth, Charles Christian and Wood, Francis Clark. The electrocardiographic diagnosis of coronary occlusion by the use of chest leads. Am. J. Med. Sci., 1932, 183, 30–35
Wilson, Frank Norman et al. Electrocardiograms that represent the potential variations of a single electrode. Am. Heart J., 1934, 9, 447–58
Schellong, Fritz. Elektrographische Diagnostik der Herzmuskelerkrankungen. Verh. Dtsch. Ges. Inn. Med., 1936, 48, 288–310
Robb, George Porter and Steinberg, Israel. A practical method of visualization of the chambers of the heart, the pulmonary circulation, and the great vessels in man.J. Clin. Invest., 1938, 17, 507
Starr, Isaac et al. Studies on the estimation of cardiac output in man, and of abnormalities in cardiac function, from the heart’s recoil and the blood’s impacts; the ballistocardiogram. Am. J. Physiol., 1939, 127, 1–28
Cournand, André Frédéric and Ranges, Hilmert Albert. Catheterization of the right auricle in man. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N. Y.), 1941, 46, 462–66
McMichael, Sir John and Sharpey-Schafer, Edward Peter. Cardiac output in man by a direct Fick method.Br. Heart J., 1944, 6, 33–40
LaDue, John Samuel and Wroblewski, Felix. The significance of the serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity following acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 1955, 11, 871–77
Myers, Arthur Bowen Richards. On the etiology and prevalence of diseases of the heart among soldiers. London, J. Churchill, 1870
Da Costa, Jacob Mendes. On irritable heart; a clinical study of a form of functional cardiac disorder and its consequences. Am. J. Med. Sci., 1871, n.s. 61, 17–52
Fagge, Charles Hilton. On the murmurs attendant on mitral contraction.Guy’s Hosp. Rep., 1871, 3 ser., 16, 247–342
Roger, Henri. Recherches cliniques sur la communication congénitale des deux coeurs par inocclusion du septum interventriculare. Bull. Acad. Méd. (Paris), 1879, 2 sér., 8, 1074–94, 1189–91
Fallot, Etienne Louis Arthur. Contribution à l’anatomie pathologique de la maladie bleu (cyanose cardiaque). Marseille Méd., 1888, 25, 77–93, 138–58, 207–23, 270–86, 341–54, 403–20
Steell, Graham. The murmur of high-pressure in the pulmonary artery.Med. Chron. (Manch.), 1888–89, 9, 182–88
Eisenmenger, Victor. Die angeborenen Defecte der Kammerscheidewand des Herzens. Z. Klin. Med., 1897, 32, Suppl.-Heft, 1–28
Hammer, Adam. Ein Fall von thrombotischem Verschlusse einer der Kranzarterien des Herzens.Wien. Med. Wschr., 1878, 28, 97–102
Weigert, Carl. Ueber die pathologische Gerinnungs-Vorgänge. Virchows Arch. Pathol.,Anat., 1880, 79, 87–123
Mac William, John Alexander. Fibrillar contraction of the heart. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1887, 8, 296–310
MacWilliam, John Alexander. Cardiac failure and sudden death. Br. Med. J., 1889, 1, 6–8
Bouveret, Léon. Da la tachycardie essentielle paroxystique. Rev. Médecine, 1889, 9, 753–93, 837–55
Broadbent, Walter. An unpublished physical sign. Lancet, 1895, 2, 200–01
Ewart, William. Practical aids in the diagnosis of pericardial effusion, in connection with the question as to surgical treatment. Br. Med. J., 1896, 1, 717–21
Pick, Friedel. Ueber chronische unter dem Bilde der Leberzirrhose verlaufende Perikarditis (perikarditische Pseudoleberzirrhose) nebst Bemerkungen über die Zuckergussleber. Z. Klin. Med., 1896, 29, 385–410
Aschoff, Karl Albert Ludwig. Zur Myocarditisfrage. Verh. Dtsch. Pathol. Ges., 1904, 8, 46–53
Ritchie, William Thomas. Complete heart-block, with dissociation of the action of the auricles and ventricles. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., 1905–06, 25, 1085–91
Mackenzie, Sir James. New methods of studying affections of the heart.Br. Med. J., 1905, 1, 519–21, 587–89, 702–05, 759–62, 812–15
Mackenzie, Sir James. Diseases of the heart. London, H. Frowde, 1908
Cushny, Arthur Robertson and Edmunds, Charles Wallis. Paroxysmal irregularity of the heart and auricular fibrillation. In Studies in pathology written … to celebrate the quarter – centenary of Aberdeen University. Edited by W. Bullock, Aberdeen, 1906, pp. 95–110
Lewis, Sir Thomas. Auricular fibrillation; a common clinical condition.Br. Med. J., 1909, 2, 1528
Jolly, William Adam and Ritchie, William Thomas. Auricular flutter and fibrillation. Heart, 1910, 2, 177–221
Wenckebach, Karel Frederik. Die unregelmässige Herztätigkeit und ihre klinische Bedeutung. Leipzig, Berlin, W. Engelmann, 1914
Frey, Walter. Ueber Vorhofflimmern beim Menschen und seine Beseitigung durch Chinidin. Berl. Klin. Wschr., 1918, 55, 450–52
Reuter, Karl. Ueber Spirochaete pallida in der Aortenwand bei Hellerscher Aortitis. Münch. Med. Wschr., 1906, 53, 778
Horder, Thomas Jeeves, 1st Baron Horder. Infective endocarditis, with an analysis of 150 cases. Q. J. Med., 1909, 2, 289–324
Libman, Emanuel and Celler, Herbert Louis. The etiology of subacute infective endocarditis.Am. J. Med. Sci., 1910, 140, 516–27
Schottmüller, Hugo. Endocarditis lenta. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Artunterscheidung der pathogenen Streptokokken. Münch. Med. Wschr., 1910, 57, 617–20, 697–99
Eppinger, Hans and Stoerk, Oscar. Zur Klinik des Elektrokardiogramms. Z. Klin. Med., 1910, 71, 157–164
Obraztsov, Vasillii Parmenovich and Strazhesko, Nikolai Dmitrievich. Zur Kenntniss der Thrombose der Koronararterien des Herzens. Z. Klin. Med., 1910, 71, 116–32
Herrick, James Bryan. Clinical features of sudden obstruction of the coronary arteries. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1912, 59, 2015–20
Lewis, Sir Thomas. Report upon soldiers returned as cases of “disordered action of the heart” (D.A.H.) or “valvular disease of the heart” (V.D.H.). London, HMSO, 1917
Zondek, Hermann. Das Myxödemherz. Münch. Med. Wschr., 1918, 65, 1180–82
Keith, Norman Macdonnell et al. Some different types of essential hypertension: their course and prognosis. Am. J. Med. Sci., 1929, 197, 332–43
Wolff, Louis, Parkinson, Sir John and White, Paul Dudley. Bundle-branch block with short P–R interval in healthy young people prone to paroxysmal tachycardia. Am. Heart J., 1930, 5, 685–704
Lewis, Sir Thomas. A lecture on vaso-vagal syncope and the carotid sinus mechanism. Br. Med. J., 1932, 1, 873–76
Wagener, Henry Patrick and Keith, Norman Macdonnell. Diffuse arteriolar disease with hypertension and the associated retinal lesions. Medicine, 1939, 18, 317–430
Christie, Ronald Victor. Penicillin in subacute bacterial endocarditis. Report to the Medical Research Council on 269 patients treated in 14 centres appointed by the Penicillin Clinical Trials Committee. Br. Med. J., 1948, 1, 1–4
Prinzmetal, Myron et al. Mechanism of the auricular arrhythmias. Circulation, 1950, 1, 241–45
Wood, Paul Hamilton. Congenital heart disease. Br. Med. J., 1950, 2, 639–45, 693–98
Zoll, Paul Maurice. Resuscitation of the heart in ventricular standstill by external electric stimulation. New Engl. J. Med., 1952, 247, 768–71
Dale, Sir Henry Hallett and Schuster, Edgar Hermann Joseph. A double perfusion-pump. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1928, 64, 356–64
Goldblatt, Harry et al. Studies on experimental hypertension. 1. The production of persistent elevation of systolic blood pressure by means of renal ischemia. J. Exp. Med., 1934, 59, 347–79
Houssay, Bernardo Alberto and Fasciolo, Juan Carlos. Secreción hipertensora del rinón isquemiado. Rev. Soc. Argent. Biol., 1937, 13, 284–94
Wilson, Clifford and Byrom, Frank Burnet. Renal changes in malignant hypertension; experimental evidence. Lancet, 1939, 1, 136–39
Braun-Menendez, Eduardo et al. The substance causing renal hypertension.J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1940, 98, 283–98
Page, Irving Heinly and Helmer, O. M. A crystalline substance (angiotonin) resulting from the reaction between renin and rennin-activator. J. Exp. Med., 1940, 71, 29–42
Rehn, Ludwig. Fall von penetrirender Stichverletzung des rechten Ventrikel’s. Herznaht. Zbl. Chir., 1896, 23, 1048–49
Jaboulay, Mathieu. Chirurgie du grand sympathique et du corps thyroïde. Paris, O. Doin, 1900
Carrel, Alexis and Guthrie, Charles Claude. The transplantation of veins and organs.Am. Med., 1905, 10, 1101–2
Carrel, Alexis. La technique opératoire des anastomoses vasculaires et la transplantation des viscères. Lyon Méd., 1902, 98, 859–64
Carrel, Alexis. The surgery of blood vessels, etc. Johns Hopk. Hosp. Bull., 1907, 18, 18–28
Carrel, Alexis. Results of the transplantation of blood vessels, organs and limbs. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1908, 51, 1662–67
Carrel, Alexis. Latent life of arteries. J. Exp. Med., 1910, 12, 460–86
Doyen, Eugène Louis. Chirurgie des malformations congénitales ou acquises du coeur. Congr. Franç. Chir.,Proc.-Verb., 1913, 26, 1062–65; Presse Méd., 1913, 21, 860
Tuffier, Théodore. Etude expérimentelle sur la chirurgie des valvules du coeur. Bull. Acad. Méd. (Paris), 1914, 3 sér., 71, 293–95
Hallopeau, Paul. Un cas de cardiolyse. Bull. Mém. Soc. Chir. Paris, 1921, 47, 1120–21
Cutler, Elliott Carr and Levine, Samuel Albert. Cardiotomy and valvulotomy for mitral stenosis. Experimental observations and clinical notes concerning an operated case with recovery. Boston Med. Surg. J., 1923, 188, 1023–27
Souttar, Sir Henry Sessions. The surgical treatment of mitral stenosis.Br. Med. J., 1925, 2, 603–06
Beck, Claude Schaeffer. The development of a new blood supply to the heart by operation. Ann. Surg., 1935, 102, 801–13
O’Shaughnessy, Laurence. An experimental method of providing a collateral circulation to the heart. Br. J. Surg., 1936, 23, 665–70
Gibbon, John Heysham. An oxygenator with a large surface-volume ratio. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 1939, 24, 1192–98
Gross, Robert Edward and Hubbard, John Perry. Surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus: report of first successful case. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1939, 112, 729–31
Blalock, Alfred and Taussig, Helen Brooke. The surgical treatment of malformations of the heart in which there is pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1945, 128, 189–202
Crafoord, Clarence and Nylin, Karl Gustav Vilhelm. Congenital coarctation of the aorta and its surgical treatment. J. Thorac. Surg., 1945, 14, 347–61
Gross, Robert Edward. Surgical correction for coarctation of the aorta.Surgery, 1945, 18, 673–8
Brock, Russell Claude, Baron Brock of Wimbledon. Pulmonary valvulotomy for the relief of congenital pulmonary stenosis. Report of three cases. Br. Med. J., 1948, 1, 1121–26
Sellors, Sir Thomas Holmes. Surgery of pulmonary stenosis. A case in which the pulmonary valve was successfully divided. Lancet, 1948, 1, 988–9
Bland, Edward Franklin and Sweet, Richard Harwood. A venous shunt for marked mitral stenosis. Am. Practit., 1948, 2, 756–61
Gibbon, John Heysham. Application of a mechanical heart and lung apparatus to cardiac surgery. Minn. Med., 1954, 37, 171–80, 185
Lillehei, Clarence Walton. Controlled cross circulation for direct-vision intracardiac surgery; correction of ventricular septal defects, atrioventricularis communis, and tetralogy of Fallot. Postgrad. Med., 1955, 17, 388–96
Murray, Gordon Donald Walter. Homologous aortic-valve-segment transplants as surgical treatment for aortic and mitral insufficiency. Angiology, 1956, 7, 466–71
Szilagyi, D. Emerick et al. Clinical use of an elastic Dacron prosthesis.Arch. Surg., 1958, 77, 538–51
Lower, Richard Rowland and Shumway, Norman E. Studies on orthotopic homo-transplantation of the canine heart. Surg. Forum, 1960, 11, 18–19
Starr, Albert and Edwards, M. Lowell. Mitral replacement: the shielded ball valve prosthesis. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 1961, 42, 673–82
Ross, Donald Nixon. Homograft replacement of the aortic valve. Lancet, 1962, 2, 487 (only)
Barratt-Boyes, Sir Brian Gerald. Homograft aortic valve replacement in aortic incompetence and stenosis. Thorax, 1964, 19, 131–50
Barnard, Christiaan Neethling. A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. S. Afr. Med. J., 1967, 41, 1271–4
Kussmaul, Adolf and Maier, Rudolf. Ueber eine bisher noch nicht beschriebene eigenthümliche Arterienerkrankung (Periarteritis nodosa), die mit Morbus Brightii und rapid fortschreitender allgemeiner Muskellähmung einhergeht. Dtsch. Arch. Klin. Med., 1866, 1, 484–518
Winiwarter, Felix von. Ueber eine eigentümliche Form von Endarteriitis und Endo-phlebitis mit Gangrän des Fusses. Arch. Klin. Chir., 1879, 23, 202–26
Mönckeberg, Johann Georg. Ueber die feine Mediaverkalkung der Extremitätenarterien und ihr Verhalten zur Arteriosklerose. Virchows Arch. Pathol. Anat., 1903, 171, 141–67
Buerger, Leo. Thrombo-angiitis obliterans; a study of the vascular lesions leading to presenile spontaneous gangrene. Am. J. Med. Sci., 1908, 136, 567–580
Brunton, Sir Thomas Lauder. On the use of nitrite of amyl in angina pectoris.Lancet, 1867, 2, 97–98
Murrell, William. Nitro-glycerine as a remedy for angina pectoris. Lancet, 1879, 1, 80–81, 113–15, 151–52, 225–27
Ignatovski, Alexander. (Influence of animal food on the organism of rabbits.) Izvest. imp. vo.-med. Akad. St. Petersburg, 1908, 16, 154–76. French translation in Arch. Méd. Exp. Anat. Pathol., 1908, 20, 1–20
Anitschkov, Nikolai and Chalatov, S.S. Ueber experimentelle Cholesterinsteatose und ihre Bedeutung für die Entstehung einiger pathologischer Prozesse. Zbl. Allg. Pathol. Pathol. Anat., 1913, 24, 1–9
Morton, Leslie T. (1983). As ref. 1853 but p. 390
Arrilaga, Francisco C. Cardiacos negros. Buenos Aires, Thesis No. 2536, 1912
Ayerza, Luis. Consideraciones sobre la denominación de “Enfermedad de Ayerza.” Semana Méd., 1925, 32, pt. 2. 386–88
Mackenzie, Sir James. Angina pectoris. London, H. Frowde, 1923
Kirschner, Martin. Ein durch die Trendelenburgsche Operation geheilter Fall von Embolie der Art. pulmonalis. Arch. Klin. Chir., 1924, 133, 312–59
Murray, Donald Walter Gordon et al. Heparin and the thrombosis of veins following injury.Surgery, 1937, 2, 163–87
Berberich, Josef and Hirsch, S. Die röntgenographische Darstellung der Arterien und Venen am lebenden Menschen. Klin. Wschr., 1923, 2, 2226–28
Brooks, Barney. Intra-arterial injection of sodium iodid: preliminary report. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1924, 82, 1016–19
Sones, Frank Mason and Shirey, Earl K. Cine-coronary arteriography. Mod. Conc. Cardiovasc. Dis., 1962, 31, 735–38
Cloetta, Max. Ueber Digalen (Digitoxinum solubile). Münch. Med. Wschr., 1904, 51, 1466–68
Straub, Walter. Digitaliswirkung am isolierten Vorhof des Frosches. Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmak., 1916, 79, 19–29
Cushny, Arthur Robertson. The action and uses in medicine of digitalis and its allies. London, Longmans, Green & Co., 1925
Smith, Sydney. Digoxin, a new digitalis glucoside. J. Chem. Soc., 1930, 508–10
Chopra, Ram Nath et al. The pharmacological action of an alkaloid obtained from Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. A preliminary note. Indian J. Med. Res., 1933, 21, 261–71
Müller, J.M. et al. Reserpin, der sedative Wirkstoff aus Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. Experientia (Basel), 1952, 8, 338
Martindale (1977). As ref. 1 but p. 675
Tillett, William Smith and Garner, Raymond Loraine. The fibrinolytic activity of hemolytic streptococci. J. Exp. Med., 1933, 58, 485–502
Christensen, Lauritz Royal. Streptococcal fibrinolysis. A proteolytic reaction due to a serum enzyme activated by streptococcal fibrinolysin.J. Gen. Physiol., 1945, 28, 363–83
Gaddum, Sir John Henry. The action of adrenalin and ergotamine on the uterus of the rabbit. Physiol. (Lond.), 1926, 61, 141–50
Gaddum, Sir John Henry. The quantitative effect of antagonistic drugs.J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1937, 89, 7P–9P
Bergström, Sune et al. The structure of prostaglandin E, F1 and F2. Acta Chem. Scand., 1962, 16, 501–2
Bergström, Sune et al. Isolation of nor-adrenaline from the adrenal gland. Acta Chem. Scand., 1949, 3, 305–6
Black, James Whyte et al. A new adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist.Lancet, 1964, 1, 1080–81
World Health Organization. Technical Report Series 641. The selection of essential drugs. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1979
The British Pharmacopoeia 1914 published under the direction of the General Council of Medical Education and Registration of the United Kingdom. London, General Medical Council, 1914
Küster, Ernst Georg Ferdinand von. Ueber die Grundsätze der Behandlung von Eiterungen in starrwandigen Höhlen, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Empyems der Pleura. Dtsch. Med. Wschr., 1889, 15, 185–87
Fowler, George Ryerson. A case of thoracoplasty for the removal of a large cicatrical fibrous growth from the interior of the chest, the result of an old empyema. Med. Rec. (N.Y.), 1893, 44, 838–39
Delorme, Edmond. Nouveau traitement des empyèmes chroniques. Gaz. Hôp. (Paris), 1894, 67, 94–96
Körte, Werner. Ueber Lungenresektion wegen bronchiektatischer Cavernen. Verh. Berl. Med. Ges., (1908), 1909, 39, 5–9
Brunn, Harold. Surgical principles underlying one-stage lobectomy.Arch. Surg., 1929, 18, 490–515
Nissen, Rudolph. Exstirpation eines ganzen Lungenflügels. Zbl. Chir., 1931, 58, 3003–3006
Graham, Evarts Ambrose and Singer, Jacob Jesse. Successful removal of entire lung for carcinoma of the bronchus. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1933, 101, 1371–74
Lilienthal, Howard. Pneumonectomy for sarcoma of the lung in a tuberculous patient. J. Thorac. Surg., 1933, 2, 600–15
Emerson, Charles Phillips. Pneumothorax; a historical, clinical, and experimental study. Johns Hopk. Hosp. Rep., 1903, 11, 1–450
Pasteur, William. The Bradshaw Lecture on massive collapse of the lung. Lancet, 1908, 2, 1351–55
Barnard, William George. The nature of the “oat-celled sarcoma” of the mediastinum. J. Pathol. Bact., 1926, 29, 241–44
Campbell, John Munro. Acute symptoms following work with hay. Br. Med. J., 1932, 2, 1143–44
Maytum, Charles Koran. Tetany caused by functional dyspnea with hyperventilation: report of a case. Proc. Mayo Clin., 1933, 8, 282–84
Killian, Gustav. Ueber directe Bronchoskopie. Münch. Med. Wschr., 1898, 45, 844–47
Waters, Charles Alexander et al. Roentgenography of the lung; roentgenographic studies in living animals after intratracheal injection of iodoform emulsion. Arch. Int. Med., 1917, 19, 538–49
Sicard, Jean Athanase and Forrestier, Jacques. L’exploration radiologique des cavités broncho-pulmonaires par les injections intra-trachéales d’huile iodée. J. Méd. Franç., 1924, 13, 3–9
Kruse, Walther. Die Erreger von Husten und Schnupfen. Münch. Med. Wschr., 1914, 61, 1547
Dienes, Louis and Edsall, Geoffrey. Observations on L-organism of Klieneberger. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N. Y.), 1937, 36, 740–44
Neufeld, Fred and Haendel, Ludwig. Weitere Untersuchungen über Pneumokokken-Heilsera. III. Mitteilung Über Vorkommen und Bedeutung atypischer Varietäten des Pneumokokkus. Arb. k. GesundhAmte, 1910, 34, 293–304
Heidelberger, Michael and Avery, Oswald Theodore. The soluble specific substance of pneumococcus. J. Exp. Med., 1923, 38, 73–79; 1924, 40, 301–16
Coutard, Henri. Un cas d’épithélioma spino-cellulaire de la région latérale du pharynx, avec adénopathie angulo-maxillaire, guéri depuis six mois par la röntgenthérapie. Bull. Ass. Franç, Étude Cancer, 1921, 10, 160–68
Macht, David Israel and Ting, Giu-Ching. A study of antispasmodic drugs on the bronchus.J. Pharmacol., 1921, 18, 373–98
Hirsch, Samson. Klinische und experimentelle Beitrag zur krampflösenden Wirkung der Purinderivate. Klin. Wschr., 1922, 1, 615–8
Camps, Percy William Leopold. A note on the inhalation treatment of asthma. Guy’s Hosp. Rep., 1929, 79, 496–98
Abreu, Manoel de. Röntgen-photographia. Processo e apparelho de roentgen-photographia. Tuberculose pulmonar. Cadastro social. Radiographia e radioscopia. Röntgen-photographia collectiva. Rev. Assoc. Paul. Med., 1936, 9, 313–24
Evans, Gladys Mary and Gaisford, Wilfrid Fletcher. Treatment of pneumonia with 2-(p-aminobenzenesulphonamido) pyridine. Lancet, 1938, 2, 14–19
Reimann, Hobart Ansteth. An acute infection of the respiratory tract with atypical pneumonia: a disease entity probably caused by a filtrable virus. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1938, 111, 2377–84
Eaton, Monroe Davis et al. Studies on the etiology of primary atypical pneumonia. A filterable agent transmissible to cotton rats, hamsters, and chick embryos.J. Exp. Med., 1944, 79, 649–68
Chanock, Robert Merritt. Growth on artificial medium of an agent associated with atypical pneumonia and its identification as a PPLO. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.), 1962, 48, 41–9
Chanock, Robert Merritt et al. Recovery from infants with respiratory illness of a virus related to chimpanzee coryza agent (CCA). Am. J. Hyg., 1957, 66, 281–90
Fraser, David William et al. Legionnaires’ disease. Description of an epidemic of pneumonia. New Engl. J. Med., 1977, 297, 1189–97
McDade, Joseph E. et al. Legionnaires’ disease. Isolation of a bacterium and demonstration of its role in other respiratory diseases. New Engl. J. Med., 1977, 297, 1197–1203
Churchill, Edward Delos and Belsey, Ronald Herbert Robert. Segmental pneumonectomy in bronchiectasis. The lingula segment of the left upper lobe. Ann. Surg., 1939, 109, 481–99
Meade, Richard Hardaway. A history of thoracic surgery. Springfield, C. C. Thomas, 1961
Müller, Franz Hermann. Tabakmissbrauch und Lungencarcinom. Z. Krebsforsch., 1939, 49, 57–85
Doll, Sir William Richard Shaboe and Hill, Sir Austin Bradford. Smoking and carcinoma of the lung. Preliminary report. Br. Med. J., 1950, 2, 739–48; 1952, 2, 1271–86; 1956, 2, 1071–81; 1964, 1, 1399–1410
Wynder, Ernest Ludwig and Graham, Evarts Ambrose. Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1950, 143, 329–36
Bodington, George. Essay on the treatment and cure of pulmonary consumption. London. Longmans & Co., 1840
Forlanini, Carlo. A contribuzione délia terapia chirurgica délia tisi; ablazione de polmone? pneumotorace artificiale? Gazz. Osp. Clin., 1882, 3, 537, 585, 601, 609, 617, 625, 641, 657, 665, 689, 705. English translation in Tubercle, 1934–5, 16, 61–87
Cayley, William. A case of haemoptysis treated by the induction of pneumothorax so as to collapse the lung. Trans. Clin. Soc. Lond., 1885, 18, 278–84. Artificial pneumothorax by pleural incision in intractable haemoptysis. See also Lancet, 1885, 1, 894–95
Lowson, David. A case of pneumonectomy. Br. Med. J., 1893, 1, 1152–54
Tuffier, Théodore. Chirurgie du poumon en particulier dans les cavernes tuberculeuses et la gangrène pulmonaire. Paris, Masson, 1897
Macewen, Sir William. On some points in the surgery of the lung. Br. Med. J., 1906, 2, 1–7
Brauer, Ludolph. Indications du traitement chirurgical de la tuberculose pulmonaire. Congr. Ass. Franç. Chir., 1908, 21, 569–74
Parrot, Joseph. Recherches sur les relations qui existent entre les lésions des poumons et celles des ganglions trachéo-bronchiques. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 1876, sér. 6, 3, 308–09
Ghon, Anton. Der primäre Lungenherd bei der Tuberkulose der Kinder. Berlin and Wien. Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1912
Sauerbruch, Ernst Ferdinand. Die Beeinflüssung von Lungenerkrankungen durch künstliche Lähmung des Zwerchfells (Phrenikotomie). Münch. Med. Wschr., 1913, 60, 625–26
Jacobaeus, Hans Christian. Endopleurale Operationen unter der Leitung des Thorakoskops. Beitr. Klin. Tuberk., 1916, 35, 1–35
Vajda, Ludwig. Ob das Pneumoperitoneum in der Kollapstherapie der beiderseitigen Lungentuberkulose angewandt werden kann? Z.Tuberk., 1933, 67, 371–75
Banyai, Andrew Ladislaus. Therapeutic pneumoperitoneum. A review of 100 cases.Am. Rev. Tuberc., 1934, 29, 603–27
Freedlander, Samuel Oscar. Lobectomy in pulmonary tuberculosis. Report of a case.J. Thorac. Surg., 1935, 5, 132–42
Semb, Carl Boye. Thoracoplasty with extrafascial apicolysis. Acta Chir. Scand., 1935, Suppl. 37, pt. 2, 1–85
Kayne, George Gregory, Pagel, Walter and O’Shaughnessy, Laurence. Pulmonary tuberculosis. Pathology, diagnosis, management and prevention. London, Oxford Univ. Press, 1939
Mantoux, Charles. Intradermo-réaction de la tuberculine. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 1908, 147, 355–57
Calmette, Léon Charles Albert et al. Essai d’immunisation contre l’infection tuberculeuse. Bull. Acad. Méd. (Paris), 1924, 3 sér., 91, 787–96
Calmette, Léon Charles Albert et al. Sur la vaccination préventive des enfants nouveau-nés contre la tuberculose par le B.C.G. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 1927, 41, 201–32
Heaf, Frederick Roland George. The multiple-puncture tuberculin test. Lancet, 1951, 2, 151–53
Griffiths, Margaret Isabel and Gaisford, Wilfrid Fletcher. Freeze-dried B.C.G. Vaccination of newborn infants with a British vaccine.Br. Med. J., 1956, 2, 565–8
Feldman, ′William Hugh et al. The effect of promin (sodium salt of P.P′-diamino- diphenyl-sulfone-N, N′–dextrose sulfonate) on experimental tuberculosis: a preliminary report. Proc. Mayo Clin., 1940, 15, 695–99
Schatz, Albert et al. Streptomycin, a substance exhibiting antibiotic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N. Y.), 1944, 55, 66–69
Hinshaw, Horton Corwin and Feldman, William Hugh. Streptomycin in treatment of clinical tuberculosis: a preliminary report. Proc. Mayo Clin., 1945, 20, 313–18
Lehmann, Jörgen. Para-aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of tuberculosis. Lancet, 1946, 1, 15–16
Domagk, Gerhard et al. Ueber eine neue, gegen Tuberkelbazillen in vitro wirksame Verbindungsklasse. Naturwissenschaften, 1946, 33, 315
Hart, Philip Montagu D’Arcy. Chemotherapy of tuberculosis. Researches during the past 100 years. Br. Med. J., 1946, 2, 805–10, 849–55
Waksman, Selman Abraham and Lechevalier, Hubert Arthur. Neomycin, a new antibiotic active against streptomycin-resistant bacteria, including tuberculosis organisms. Science,1949, 109, 305–07
Finlay, Alexander Carpenter et al. Viomycin, a new antibiotic active against mycobacteria. Am. Rev. Tuberc., 1951, 63, 1–3. Pp. 1–61 provide a series of papers on Viomycin
Robitzek, Edward Heinrich et al. Chemotherapy of human tuberculosis with hydrazine derivatives of isonicotinic acid. (Preliminary report of representative cases.) Q. Bull. Sea View Hosp., 1952, 13, 27–51
Rist, Noël et al. Experiments on the antituberculous activity of alpha-ethyl-thioisonicotinamide. Am. Rev. Tuberc., 1959, 79, 1–5
Thomas, J. P. et al. A new synthetic compound with antituberculous activity in mice: ethambutol (dextro–2,2′-(ethylenediimino)-di-l-butanol). Am. Rev. Resp. Dis., 1961, 83, 891–3
Atlas, E. and Turck, M. Laboratory and clinical evaluation of rifampicin.Am. J. Med. Sci., 1968, 256, 247–254
Kunin, C.M., Brandt, D. and Wood, H. Bacteriologic studies of rifampin, a new semisynthetic antibiotic. J. Infect. Dis., 1969, 119, 132–137
Verbist, L. and Gyselen, A. Antituberculous activity of rifampin in vitro and in vivo and the concentrations attained in human blood. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis., 1968, 98, 923–932
Lorian, V. and Finland, M. In vitro effect of rifampin on mycobacteria. Appl. Microbiol., 1969, 17, 202–207
Ehrlich, Paul (1956–60). See ref. 1777
Wassermann, August von et al. Eine serodiagnostische Reaktion bei Syphilis. Dtsch. Med. Wschr., Berlin, 1906, 32, 745–46
Schaudinn, Fritz Richard and Hoffmann, Erich. Vorläufiger Bericht über das Vorkommen von Spirochaeten in syphilitischen Krankheitsprodukten und bei Papillomen. Arb. k. GesundhAmte, 1905, 22, 527–34
Landsteiner, Karl and Mucha, Viktor. Zur Technik der Spirochaetenuntersuchung. Wien. Klin. Wschr., 1906, 19, 1349–50
Ehrlich, Paul and Hata, Sahachiro. Die experimentelle Chemotherapie der Spirillosen (Syphilis, Rückfallfieber, Hühnerspirillose, Frambösie). Berlin, J. Springer, 1910
Noguchi, Hideyo. A method for the pure cultivation of pathogenic Treponema pallidum (Spirochaeta pallida). J. Exp. Med., 1911, 14, 99–108
Ehrlich, Paul. Ueber Laboratoriumsversuche und klinische Erprobung von Heilstoffen. Chem. Ztg., 1912, 36, 637–38
Mahoney, John Friend et al. Penicillin treatment of early syphilis. A preliminary report. Vener. Dis. Inform., 1943, 24, 355–57; also inAm. J. Publ. Hlth, 1943, 33, 1387–91
Jacobs, Walter Abraham and Heidelberger, Michael. Chemotherapy of trypanosome and spirochete infections. Chemical series. I, N-phenylglycineamide-p-arsonic acid.J. Exp. Med., 1919, 30, 411–15
Loevenhart, Arthur Salomon and Stratman-Thomas, Warren Kidwell. On the chemotherapy of neurosyphilis and trypanosomiasis. J. Pharmacol., 1926, 29, 69–82
Domagk, Gerhard. Ein Beitrag zur Chemotherapie der bakteriellen Infektionen. Dtsch. Med. Wschr., 1935, 61, 250–53
Tréfouël, J. et al. Activité du p-aminophénylsulfamide sur les infections streptococciques expérimentales de la souris et du lapin. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 1935, 120, 756–58
Whitby, Sir Lionel Ernest Howard. Chemotherapy of pneumococcal and other infections with 2-(p-amino-benzenesulphonamido) pyridine. Lancet, 1938, 1, 1210–12
Evans, Gladys Mary and Gaisford, Wilfrid Fletcher (1938). As ref. 2181 but p. 18
Gsell, Otto. Chemotherapie akuter Infektionskrankheiten durch Ciba 3714 (Sulfanilami-dothiazol). Schweiz. Med. Wschr., 1940, 70, 342–50
Finland, Maxwell et al. Sulfadiazine. Therapeutic evaluation and toxic effects on four hundred and forty-six patients. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1941, 116, 2641–47
Macartney, Donald William et al. Sulphamethazine: clinical trial of a new sulphonamide. Lancet, 1942, 1, 639–41
Janbon, M., Chaptal, J., Vedel, A. and Schaap, J. Accidents hypoglycémiques graves par un sulfamidothiadiazol (le VK57 or 2254RP).Montpell. Méd. 1942, 21–22, 441–444
Loubatières, Auguste. Analyse du mécanisme de l’action hypoglycémiante de p-amino-benzène-sulfamido-isopropylthiodiazol (2254 RP). C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 1944, 138, 766–7
Loubatières, A. The hypoglycemic sulfonamides: history and development of the problem from 1942 to 1955. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1957, 71, 4–11
Franke, Hans and Fuchs, J. Ein neues antidiabetisches Prinzip. Ergebnisse klinischer Untersuchungen. Dtsch. Med. Wschr., 1955, 80, 1449–52
Maske, Helmut. Über die orale Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus mit N-(4-Methyl-Benzol-sulfonyl)-N’Butyl-Harnstoff (D 860). Dtsch. Med. Wschr., 1956, 81, 823–46
Dodd, Matthew Charles and Stillman, William Barlow. The in vitro bacteriostatic action of some simple furan derivatives. J. Pharmacol., 1944, 82, 11–18
Bushby, S. R. M. and Hitchings, G. H. Trimethoprim, a sulphonamide potentiator. Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother., 1968, 33, 72–90
Bushby, S.R.M. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: in vitro microbiological aspects. J. Infect. Dis., 1973, 128 Suppl., S442–462
Kasanen, A., Sundquist, H. and Junnila, S. Trimethoprim in the treatment of acute urinary tract infection. Curr. Ther. Res. 1979, 25, 202–209
Mann, Ronald D. and Jones, Jacqueline L. Trimethoprim in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Br. J. Pharm. Pract., 1980, 2, 29–40
Tyndall, John. The optical deportment of the atmosphere in relation to the phenomena of putrefaction and infection. Phil. Trans., 1876, 166, 27–74
Emmerich, Rudolf and Löw, Oscar. Bakteriolytische Enzyme als Ursache der erworbenen Immunität und die Heilung von Infectionskrankheiten durch dieselben. Z. Hyg. Infekt.-Kr., 1899, 31, 1–65
Fleming, Sir Alexander. Lysozyme. Proc. R. Soc. Med., 1932, 26, 71–84
Fleming, Sir Alexander. On the antibacterial action of cultures of a penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae. Br. J. Exp. Pathol., 1929, 10, 226–36
Dubos, René Jules. Bactericidal effect of an extract of a soil bacillus on gram-positive cocci. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N.Y.), 1939, 40, 311–12
Oxford, Albert Edward et al. Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms. LX. Griseofulvin, C17H1706C1, a metabolic product of Penicillium griseo-fulvum Dierckx. Biochem. J., 1939, 33, 240–48
Chain, Sir Ernst Boris et al. Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent. Lancet, 1940, 2, 226–28
Abraham, Sir Edward Penley and Chain, Sir Ernst Boris. An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin.Nature (Lond.), 1940, 146, 837
Abraham, Sir Edward Penley et al. Further observations on penicillin. Lancet, 1941, 2, 177–89
Abraham, Sir Edward Penley et al. Penicillamine, a characteristic degradation product of penicillin. Nature (Lond.), 1943, 151, 107 (only)
Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T. Penicillinacylase. Bacteriol. Rev., 1966, 30, 761–771
Johnson, Balbina A. et al. Bacitracin: a new antibiotic produced by a member of the B. subtilis group. Science, 1945, 102, 376–77
Ainsworth, Geoffrey Clough et al. “Aerosporin,” an antibiotic produced by Bacillus aerosporus Greer. Nature (Lond.), 1947, 160, 263
Stansly, Philip Gerald et al. Polymyxin: a new chemotherapeutic agent. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp., 1947, 81, 43–54
Ehrlich, John et al. Chloromycetin, a new antibiotic from a soil actinomycete. Science,1947, 106, 417
Smadel, Joseph Edwin and Jackson, Elizabeth B. Chloromycetin, an antibiotic with chemotherapeutic activity in experimental rickettsial and viral infections. Science, 1947, 106, 418–19
Herrell, Wallace Edgar et al. Procaine pencillin G (duracillin); a new salt of penicillin which prolongs the action of penicillin. Proc. Mayo Clin., 1947, 22, 567–70
Symposium. Aureomycin – a new antibiotic. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1948, 51, 175–342
Hanson, Frederick Reuben and Eble, Thomas Eugene. An antiphage agent isolated from Aspergillus sp. J. Bact., 1949, 58, 527–9
Finlay, Alexander Carpenter et al. Terramycin, a new antibiotic. Science, 1950, 111, 85
Hazen, Elizabeth Lee and Brown, Rachel Fuller. Fungicidin, an antibiotic produced by a soil actinomycete. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. (N.Y.), 1951, 76, 93–97
Burton, H. S. and Abraham, Sir Edward Penley. Isolation of antibiotics from a species of Cephalosporium. Cephalosporins P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5. Biochem. J., 1951, 50, 168–74
McGuire, James Myrlin et al. “Ilotycin,” a new antibiotic. Antibiot. Chemother., 1952, 2, 281–83
Abraham, Sir Edward Penley et al. Purification and some properties of cephalosporin N, a new penicillin. Biochem. J., 1954, 58, 94–102
Newton, Guy G. F. and Abraham, Sir Edward Penley. Cephalosporin C, a new antibiotic containing sulphur and D-α-aminoadipic acid. Nature (Lond.), 1955, 175, 548
Gold, W. et al. Amophotericins A and B, antifungal antibiotics produced by a strepto-mycete. Antibiot. Ann., 1955–6, 579–586
Umezawa, Hamao et al. Production and isolation of a new antibiotic, kanamycin. J. Antibiot. Jpn. Ser. A, 1957, 10, 181–88
Weinstein, Marvin Joseph et al. Gentamicin, a new antibiotic complex from Micromonospora. J. Med. Chem., 1963, 6, 463–4
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Trends in mortality 1951–1975; Series DH1 No. 3. London, HMSO, 1978, Figure 1.5
Ecclesiasticus xxxviii, 4
Langley, John Newport (1905–6). As ref. 1390 but pp. 410–12
Elliott, Thomas Renton. On the action of adrenalin. J. Physiol. (Lond.)., 1904, 31, Proc. Physiol. Soc., pp. xx–xxi
Barger, George et al. An active alkaloid from ergot. Br. Med., 1906, 2, 1792
Howell, William Henry. Vagus inhibition of the heart in its relation to the inorganic salts of the blood. Am. J. Physiol., 1905–6, 15, 280–94
Hunt, Reid and Taveau, René de M. On the physiological action of certain cholin derivatives and new methods for detecting cholin. Br. Med. J., 1906, 2, 1788–91
Dixon, Walter Ernest and Hamill, Philip. The mode of action of specific substances with special reference to secretin. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1908–9, 38, 314–36
Windaus, Adolf and Vogt, Karl. Synthese des Imidazolylàthylamins. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 1907, 40, 3691–95
Barger, George and Dale, Sir Henry Hallett. Chemical structure and sympathomimetic action of amines. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1910, 41, 19–59
Dale, Sir Henry Hallett and Laidlaw, Sir Patrick Playfair. The physiological action of β- iminoazolylethylamine. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1910, 41, 318–44
Barger, George and Dale, Sir Henry Hallett. β-iminazolylethylamine a depressor constituent of intestinal mucosa. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1911, 41, 499–503
Hunt, Reid and Taveau, René de M. On the relation between the toxicity and chemical constitution of a number of derivatives of choline and analogous compounds. J. Pharmacol., 1909, 1, 303–39
Henry, Thomas Anderson. The plant alkaloids. London, J. & A. Churchill, 1913
Dale, Sir Henry Hallett. The action of certain esters and ethers of choline, and their relation to muscarine. J. Pharmacol., 1914, 6, 147–90
Ewins, Arthur James. Acetylcholine, a new active principle of ergot. Biochem. J., 1914, 8, 44–49
Hunt, Reid. Vasodilator reactions. Am. J. Physiol., 1918, 45, 197–267
Spiro, Karl and Stoll, Arthur. Ueber die wirksamen Substanzen des Mutterkorns. Schweiz. Med. Wschr., 1921, 2, 525–29
Loewi, Otto. Ueber humorale Uebertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. Pflüg. Arch. Ges. Physiol., 1921, 189, 239–42; 1922, 193, 201–13; 1924, 203, 408–12; 204, 361–67, 629–40
Loewi, Otto and Navratil, E. Ueber humorale Uebertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. Pflüg. Arch. Ges. Physiol., 1924, 206, 123–40; 1926, 214, 678–96
Banting, Sir Frederick Grant and Best, Charles Herbert. The internal secretion of the pancreas. Lab. Clin. Med., 1922, 7, 251–66
Cushny, Arthur Robertson. Biological relations of optically isomeric substances. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926
Hanzlik, Paul John. Actions and uses of the salicylates and cinchophen in medicine. Medicine, 1926, 5, 197–373
Trevan, J.W. The error determination of toxicity. Proc. R. Soc. (Biol.), 1927, 101, 483–514
Best, Charles Herbert et al. The nature of the vaso-dilator constituents of certain tissue extracts. J. Physiol. (Camb.), 1927, 62, 397–417
Dale, Sir Henry Hallett and Dudley, Harold Ward. Presence of histamine and acetylcholine in the spleen of ox and horse. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1929, 68, 97–123
Clark, Alfred Joseph. The mode of action of drugs on cells. London, E. Arnold & Co., 1933
Feldberg, Wilhelm Siegmund and Gaddum, Sir John Henry. The chemical transmitter at synapses in a sympathetic ganglion. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1934, 81, 305–19
Vialli, Maffo and Erspamer, Vittorio. Cellule enterocromaffini e cellule basigranulose acidofile nei vertebrati. (Ricerche istochimiche). Z. Zellforsch. Mikr. Anat., 1933, 19, 743–73
Brown, Sir George Lindor et al. Reactions of the normal mammalian muscle to acetylcholine and to eserine. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1936, 87, 394–424
Bovet, Daniel and Staub, Ann-Marie. Action protectrice des éthers phénoloques au cours de 1’intoxication histaminique. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 1937, 124, 547–9
Gunn, James Andrew. The pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of some compounds related to adrenaline. Br. Med. J., 1939, 2, 155–60, 214–19
Euler, Ulf Svante von. A specific sympathomimetic ergone in adrenergic nerve fibres (sympathin) and its relations to adrenaline and nor-adrenaline. Acta Physiol. Scand., 1946, 12, 73–97
Paton, Sir William Drummond Macdonald and Zaimis, Eleanor. Curare-like action of polymethylene bis-quaternary ammonium salts. Nature (Lond.), 1948, 161, 718–19
Rocha E Silva, Mauricio et al. Bradykinin, a hypotensive and smooth muscle stimulating factor released from plasma globulin by snake venoms and by trypsin. Am. J. Physiol., 1949, 156, 261–73
Ahlquist, R.P. A study of adrenotropic receptors. Am. J. Physiol., 1948, 153, 586–600
Katz, Sir Bernard. The release of neural transmitter substances. Liverpool, University Press, 1969
Lands, A.M. et al. Differentiation of receptor systems activated by sympathomimetic amines. Nature (Lond.), 1967, 214, 597–598
Levy, B. and Wilkenfeld, B.E. An analysis of selective beta receptor blockade.Eur. J. Pharmac., 1969, 5, 227–234
Choo-Kang, Y. F. J. et al. Response of asthmatics to isoprenaline and salbutamol aerosols administered by intermediate positive-pressure ventilation. Br. Med. J., 1970, 4, 465–468
Black, James Whyte et al. Definition and antagonism of histamine H2-receptors. Nature (Lond.), 1972, 236, 385–390
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Ronald D. Mann
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mann, R.D. (1984). The Present Century. The Beginnings of Preventive Medicine. In: Modern Drug use. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5586-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5586-8_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8962-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-5586-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive