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Environmental effects of reservoirs

  • Chapter
Microbial Processes in Reservoirs

Part of the book series: Developments in Hydrobiology ((DIHY,volume 27))

Abstract

Dams and reservoirs contribute greatly to human prosperity and well-being but they have other effects which are deleterious to the environment and to human welfare. The initial flooding may bring about physical and chemical changes which influence the aquatic biota in various ways. The complex hydrodynamic characteristics of many reservoirs complicate matters further.

Severe effects may occur below a dam, sometimes for hundreds of kilometers. These are due to the action of the reservoir as a source or sink for heat, sediments and solutes, and to changes in the diurnal or annual flooding pattern. The movement of anadromous fish may be impeded or blocked.

Large impoundments may modify the climate in their vicinities or downstream. They may induce seismic activity under certain geophysical conditions which are not yet fully understood.

They may contribute to the spread of certain diseases, and reduce the incidence of others. They may cause grave dislocations in the social and economic life of people living in traditional societies, and sometimes necessitate the removal of large human populations.

Although much progress has been made in predicting the environmental impacts of dams and reservoirs, it is still not possible to predict with confidence all the effects, especially of very large projects.

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Baxter, R.M. (1985). Environmental effects of reservoirs. In: Gunnison, D. (eds) Microbial Processes in Reservoirs. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 27. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5514-1_1

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