Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Radio Observations of Interstellar Molecules, of their behaviour, and of their physics

  • Chapter
Molecular Astrophysics

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 157))

Abstract

The radio observation of interstellar molecules has grown into an important, exciting, and challenging field since the OH radical (emitting in its ʌ-doublet state at λ ∿ 18 cm) was detected in 1963. Searches for OH, CH, and SiH had been proposed by Shklovsky (USSR), in 1948, and by Townes (at the Washington Conference on Radio Astronomy) in 1954. Unsuccessful OH searches were performed by Barret and Lilley in 1956. With a good telescope, the Millstone 25.6 m instrument, more advanced technology (including Weinreb’s autocorrelator), and with more accurate main-line frequency data (obtained by Townes and associates at Columbia) the detection of OH finally became possible.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Cummins, A.P.C., and Williams, D.A.; Nature, 238, No. 5749, 721, (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Vanden Bout, P.A., and Snell, R.L.; Ap. J., 236, 460, (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Langer, W.D., Schloerb, F.P., Snell, R.L., and Young, J.S.; Ap. J. (Lett.), 239, L125, (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Thaddeus, P., Guélin, M., and Linke, R.A.; Ap. J. (Lett.), 246, L41, (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. McLeod, J.M., Avery, L.W., and Broten, N.W.; Schloerb, F.P., Snell, R.L., Langer, W.D., and Young, J.S.; Ap. J. (Lett.), 251, L33 & L37, (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Betz, A.L.; Ap. J. (Lett.), 244, L103, (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hollis, J.M., and Rhodes, P.J.; Ap. J. (Lett.), 262, L1, (1982).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Guélin, M., Cernicharo, J., and Linke, R.A.; Ap. J. (Lett.), 263, L89, (1982).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bell, M.B., Feldman, P.A., Kwok, S., and Matthews, H.E.; Nature, 295, No. 5848, 389, (1982).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Schloerb, F.P., Friberg, P., Hjalmarson, Å., Höglund, B., and Irvine, W.M.; Ap. J., 264, 161, (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cummins, S.E., Green, S., Thaddeus, P., and Linke, R.A.; Ap. J., 266, 331, (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Woods, R.C., Gudeman, C.S., Dickman, R.L., Goldsmith, P.F., Huguenin, G.R., Irvine, W.M., Hjalmarson, Å., Nyman, L.-Å., and Olofsson, H.; Ap. J., 270, 583, (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Linke, R.A., Guelin, M., and Langer, W.D.; Ap. J. (Lett.), 271, L85, (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Johansson, L.E.B., Andersson, C., Elldér, J., Friberg, P., Hjalmarson, Å., Höglund, B., Irvine, W.M., Olofsson, H., and Rydbeck, G.; A. and A., 130, 227, (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Broten, N.W., McLeod, J.M., Avery, L.W., Irvine, W.M., Höglund, B., Friberg, P., and Hjalmarson, Å.; Ap. J. (Lett.), 276, L25, (1984).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ziurys, L. M., Clemens, D.P., Saykally, R.J., Colvin, M., and Schaefer, H.F.; Ap. J., 281, 219, (1984).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Matthews, H.E., Irvine, W.M., Friberg, P., Brown, R.D., and Godfrey, P.D.; Nature, in press, (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Walmsley, C.M., Jewell, P.R., Snyder, L.E., and Winnewisser, G.; Astron. Astrophys., 134, L11, (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Goldhaber, D.M., and Betz, A.L.; Ap. J. (Lett.), 279, L55, (1984).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Thaddeus, P., Cummins, S.E., and Linke, R.A.; Preprint (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Eddington, A.S.: 1926, Proc. R. Soc., 111, 424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Dunham, T., Jr. and Adams, W.S.: 1937, Publ. Am. Astr. Soc., 9, 5.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Dunham, T., Jr. and Adams, W.S.: 1937, Publ. Astr. Soc. Pac., 49, 26.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Swings, P., and Rosenfeld, L.: 1937, Astrophys. J., 86, 483.

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Rydbeck, O.E.H., Elldér, J., and Irvine, W.M.: 1973, Nature, 246, 466.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Rydbeck, O.E.H.: 1974, Abh. Akad. d. Wiss. u. d. Literatur, Mainz, Nr. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  27. McKellar, A.: 1940, Publ. Astr. Soc. Pac., 52, 187 & 312.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Adams, W.S.: 1941, Astrophys. J., 93, 11.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Douglas, A.E. & Herzberg, G.: 1941, Astrophys. J., 94, 381.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. Douglas, A.E. & Herzberg, G.: 1942, Can. J. Res. A. 20, 71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. McKellar, A.: 1941, Publ. Dom. Astr. Obs., 7, 251.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Penzias, A.A. & Wilson, R.W.: 1965, Astrophys. J., 142, 419.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Field, G.B. & Hitchcock, J.L.: 1966, Phys. Rev. Lett., 16, 817.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Shklovskii, I.S. 1966, Astron. Tsirk, Nr. 371, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Thaddeus, P. & Clauser, J.F.: 1966, Phys. Rev. Lett., 16, 819.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Penzias, A.A., Jefferts, K.B., and Wilson, R.W.: 1972, Phys. Rev. Lett., 28, 772.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Meyer, D.M. & Jura, M.: 1984, Astrophys. J., 276, L1.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hegyi, D., Traub, W., and Carlton, N.: 1972, Phys. Rev. Lett., 28, 1541.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Thaddeus, P.: 1972, Ann. Rev. Astr. Ap., 10, 305.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Weiss, R.: 1980, Ann. Rev. Astr. Ap., 18, 489.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. Wootten, A., Lichten, S.M., Sahai, R., and Wannier, P.: 1982, Astrophys. J., 257, 151.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. Dixon, T.A. & Woods, R.C.: 1977, J. Chem. Phys., 67, 3956.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. Jack, D.: 1927, Proc. Roy. Soc. A., 115, 373.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. Dieke, G.H. & Crosswhite, H.M.: 1962, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 2, 97.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. Shklovskii, I.S.: Astron. Zhurnal XXVI, 10. 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Shklovskii, I.S.: 1954, Memoires R. Sc. Liège, quatrieme série, tome XV, fasc. unique.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Van Vleck, J.H.: 1929, Phys. Rev., 33, 467.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. Mulliken, R. & Christy, A.: 1931, Phys. Rev., 38, 87.

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  49. Snow, T.P.: 1975, Astrophys. J., 201, L21.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. Storey, J.W.V., Watson, D.M., and Townes, C.H.: 1981, Astrophys. J., 244, L27.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. Washington Conference on Radio Astronomy — 1954: Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 59, No. 1, March 1954, p. 198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Sanders, T.M., Schawlow, A.L., Dousmanis, G.C., and Townes, C.H.: 1953, Phys. Rev., 89, L1158.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. Winnberg, A., Walmsley, C.M., and Churchwell, E.: 1978, Astron. Astrophys., 66, 431.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. Barrett, A.H. & Lilley, A.E.: 1956, NRL Report 4809, A Search for the Atmospheric & Cosmic Microwave Spectrum of OH; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Hagen, J.P., Lilley, A.E., and McClain, E.F.: 1955, Astrophys, J., 122, 361.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. Ehrenstein, G. & Townes, C.H., and Stevenson, M.J.: 1959, Phys. Rev. Lett., 3, 40.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. Weinreb, S., Barrett, A.H., Meeks, M.L., and Henry, J.C.: 1963, Nature, 200, 829.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. Van Vleck, J.H.: 1943, Report No. 51, Radio Research Laboratory, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Barrett, A.H. & Rogers, A.E.E.: 1964, Nature, 204. 62.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. Ter Meulen, J.J. & Dymanus, A.: 1972, Astrophys. J., 172, L21.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. Weaver, H., Williams, D.R.W., Dieter, N.H., & Lum, W.T.: 1965, Nature, 208, 29.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. Weinreb, S., Meeks, M.L., Carter, J.C., Barrett, A.H., & Rogers, A.E.E.: 1965, Nature, 208, 440.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. Rydbeck, O.E.H. and Kollberg, E.: 1968, IEEE Trans., MTT-16, No. 9, 799, and Research Report No. 89, March, 1968, Rutile travelling wave masers for the frequency range1300–3400, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Whiteoak, J.B., Gardner, F.F., and Höglund, B.: 1980, Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 190, 17P

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. Gardner, F.F., Höglund, B., and Whiteoak, J.B.: 1980, ibid., 191, 19 P.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. Rydbeck, O.E.H., Kollberg, E., and Elldér, J.: 1970, Astrophys. J., 161, L25.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. Rydbeck, O.E.H., Elldér, J., Kollberg, E., and Höglund, B. 1972, Mém. Soc. Roy. des Sciences de Liège, 6e série, tome III.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Elldér, J.: IAU Circular No. 2364, Oct. 19, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Lo, K.Y., Walker, R.C., Burke, B.F., Moran, J.M., Johnston, K.J., and Ewing, M.S.: 1975, Astrophys. J., 202, 650.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. Moran, J., Burke, F., Barrett, A.H., Rydbeck, O.E.H., Hansson, B., Rogers, A.E.E., Ball, J.A., and Cudaback,D.D 1968, Astron. J. (Supplement) No. 1360, Number 5, Part II

    Google Scholar 

  71. Moran, J.M., Burke, B.F., Barrett, A.H., Rogers, A.E.E., Carter, J.C., Ball, J.A., and Cudaback, D.D.: 1968, Astrophys. J., 152, L97.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. Burke, B.F., Moran, J.M., Barrett, A.H., Rydbeck, O., Hansson, B., Rogers, A.E.E., Ball, J.A., and Cudaback, D.D.: 1968, Astron. J., 1968, December, (Supplement) No. 1365, Number 10, Part II (Papers presented at the 127th meeting of the American Astronomical Society, August 1968, at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Victoria, British Columbia).

    Google Scholar 

  73. Kellerman, K.I., Clark, B.G., Bare, C.C., Rydbeck, O., Elldér, J., Hansson, B., Kollberg, E., Höglund, B., Cohen, M.H., and Jauncey, D.L.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 153, L209.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. Cook, A.H.: 1968, M.N.R.A.S., 140, 299.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. Harris, S. and Scott, P.F.: 1976, M.N.R.A.S., 175, 371.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. Reid, M.J., Haschick, A.D., Burke, B.F., Moran, J.M., Johnston, K.J., and Swenson Jr., G.W.: 1980, Astrophys. J., 239, 89.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. Guilloteau, S.: 1982, Astron. Astrophys., 116, 101.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. Moran, J.M., Reid, M.J., Lada, C.J., Yen, J.L., Johnston, K.J., and Spencer, J.H.: 1978, Astrophys. J., 224, L67.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. Guilloteau, S., Stier, M.T., and Downes, D.: 1983, Astron. Astrophys., 126, 10.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. Winnberg, A., Walmsley, C.M., and Churchwell, E.: 1978, Astron. Astrophys., 66, 431.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. Haschick, A.D., Reid, M.J., Burke, B.F., Moran, J.M., and Miller, G.: 1981, Astrophys. J., 244, 76.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. Lo, K.Y., Burke, B.F., and Haschick, A.D.: 1975, Astrophys. J., 202, 81.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. Ho, P.T.P., and Barrett, A.H.: 1980, Astrophys, J., 237, 38

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. Haschick, A.D., Moran, J.M., Rodriguez, L.F., Burke, B.F., Greenfield, P.E., and Garcia-Barreto, J.A.: 1980, Astrophys, J., 237, 26.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. Ostriker, J.P. and Bodenheimer, P.: 1973, Astrophys. J., 180, 171.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. Baudry, A., Walmsley, C.M., Winnberg, A. and Wilson, T.L.: 1981, Astron. Astrophys., 102, 287.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. Rydbeck, O.E.H., Elldér, J., & Yngvesson, K.S.: 1973, Report No. P15 (Detection of rotationally excited OH in absorption), Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ. of Mass., Amherst, Mass. (Communicated by Prof. William Irvine at the AAS June Meeting, Columbus, Ohio, 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  88. Kukolich, S.G.: 1969, J. Chem. Phys., 50, 3751.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. Yngvesson, K.S., Cardiasmenos, A.G., Shanley, J.F., Rydbeck, O.E.H., and Elldér, J.: 1975, Astrophys. J., 195, 91.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. Bertojo, M., Cheung, A.C., and Townes, C.H.: 1976, Astrophys. J., 208, 914.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. Dewangan, D.P., and Flower, D.R.: 1982, M.N.R.A.S., 199, 457.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  92. Varshalovich, D.A., and Khersonskii, V.K.: 1978, Sov. Astron., 22, 192.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. Brown, J.M., Schubert, J.E. Evenson, K.M., and Radford, H.E.: 1982, Astrophys. J., 258, 899.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. Litvak, M.M.: 1969, Astrophys. J., 156, 471. (See also Collisional and Radiative Processes by M.M. Litvak, Lecture Note No. 5, 1972, Onsala Space Observatory, Sweden).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. Lucas, R.: 1980, Astron. Astrophys., 84, 36.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. Guilloteau, S., Lucas, R., and Omont, A.: 1981, Astron. Astrophys., 97, 347.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. Storey, J.W.V., Watson, D.M., and Townes, C.H.: 1981, Astrophys. J., 244, L27.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. Watson, D.M., Storey, J.W.V., Townes, C.H., Haller, E.E., and Hansen, W.L.: 1980, Astrophys. J., 239, L129.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. Kirchhoff, W.H., Lovas, F.J., and Johnson, D.R.: 1972, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1(4) (Formaldehyde), 1011.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  100. Oka, Takeshi: 1960, J. Phys. Soc. Jap., 15, 2274.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. Snyder, L.E., Buhl, D., Zuckerman, B., and Palmer, P.: 1969, Phys. Rev. Letters, 22, 679.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. Townes, C.H. and Cheung, A.C.: 1969, Astrophys. J., 157, L103.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  103. Evans II, N.J.: 1975, Astrophys. J., 201, 112.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  104. Garrison, B.J., Lester Jr., W.A., Miller, W.H., and Green, S.: 1975, Astrophys. J., 200, L175.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  105. Green, S., Garrison, B.J., Lester Jr., W.A., and Miller, W.H.: 1978, Astrophys. J. Suppl. S., 37, 321.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  106. Kwan, J.: 1974, Astrophys. J., 191, 101.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. Sume, A., Downes, D., and Wilson, T.L.: 1975, Astron. Astrophys., 39, 435.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  108. Downes, D., Wilson, T.L., and Bieging, J.: 1976, Astron. Astrophys., 52, 321.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  109. Evans, N.J., Zuckerman, B., Morris, G., and Sato, T.: 1975, Astrophys. J., 196, 433.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  110. Langer, W.D., Frerking, M.A., Linke, R.A., and Wilson, R.W.: 1979, Astrophys. J., 232, L169.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  111. Downes, D. & Wilson, T.L.: 1974, Astrophys. J., 191, L77.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  112. Forster, J.R., Goss, W.M., Wilson, T.L., Downes, D., and Dickel, H.R.: 1980, Astron. Astrophys., 84, L1.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. Rots, A.H., Dickel, H.R., Forster, J.R. & Goss, W.M.: 1981, Astrophys. J., 245, L15.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. Boland, W. & de Jong, T.: 1981, Astron. Astrophys., 98, 149.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  115. Snyder, L.E. & Buhl, D.: 1969, Astrophys. J., 155, L65.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  116. Cheung, A.C., Rank, D.M., Townes, C.H., Thornton, D.D. & Welch, W.J.: 1969, Nature, 221, 626.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. Van Vleck, J.H., & Weisskopf, V.F.: 1945, Theoretical Shape of Pressure Broadened Lines, Revs. Mod. Phys., 17, 227.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  118. Cheung, A.C., Rank, D.M., Townes, C.H., Thornton, D.D., and Welch, W.J.: 1968, Phys. Rev. Lett., 21, 1701.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  119. Matveenko, L.I., Kogan, L.R., & Kostenko, V.I.: 1980, Sov. Astron. Lett., 6(4), July-August.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Abraham, Z., Cohen, N.L., Opher, R., Raffaeli, J.C., & Zisk, S.H.: 1981, Astron. Astrophys., 100, L10.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  121. Matveenko, L.I., Romanov, A.M., Kogan, L.R., Moiseev, I.G., Sorochenko, R.L. & Timofeev, V.V.: 1983, Sov. Astron. Lett., 9(4), July-August.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Genzel, R., Downes, D., Schneps, M.H., Reid, M.J., Moran, J.M., Kogan, L.R., Kostenko, V.I., Matveenko, L.I. & Rönnäng, B.: 1981, Astrophys. J., 247, 1039.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  123. Prasad, S.S., Huntress, W.T. Jr.: 1980, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 43, 1.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  124. Scalo, J.M. & Slavsky, D.B.: 1980, Astrophys. J., 239, L73.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  125. Hall, R.T. & Dowling, J.M.: 1967, J. Chem. Phys., 47, 2454.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  126. Hagen, W., Tielens, A.G.G.M. & Greenberg, J.M.: 1983, Astron. Astrophys., 117, 132.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  127. Waters, J.W., Gustinic, J.J., Kakar, R.K., Kuiper, J.B.H., Roscoe, H.K., Swanson, P.N., Rodrigues Kuiper, E.N., Kerr, A.R. & Thaddeus, P.: 1980, Astrophys. J., 235, 57.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  128. Olofsson, H.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys., 134, 36.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  129. Phillips, T.H., Kwan, J. & Huggins, P.J.: 1980, IAU Symposium No. 87 (Interstellar Molecules), 21.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Meeks, M.L., Carter, J.C., Barrett, A.H., Schwartz, P.R., Waters, J.W. & Brown, W.E.: 1969, Science, 165, 180.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  131. Turner, B.E., Zuckerman, B., Fourikis, N., Morris, M. & Palmer, P.: 1975, Astrophys. J., 198, L125.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  132. de Lucia, F.C., Helminger, P. and Kirchhoff, W.H.: 1974, J. of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 3, No. 1, 211–219 (contains data also on H2O and H218O).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  133. Beckman, J.E., Watt, D.G., White,G.J., Phillips, J.P., Frost, R.L. & Davis, J.H.: 1982, Mon. Not. Roy. Astr. Soc., 201. 357.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  134. Genzel, R., Downes, D., Ho, P.T.P. & Bieging, J.: 1982, Astrophys. J., 259, L103.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  135. Watson, W.D. and Walmsley, C.M.: 1982, in “Regions of Recent Star Formation”, Reidel, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  136. York, D.C. & Rogerson, J.B.: 1976, Astrophys. J., 203, 378.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  137. Thaddeus, P., Krishner, L.C. & Loubser, J.H.N.: 1964, J. Chem. Phys., 40, 257.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  138. Johansson, L.E.B., Andersson, C., Elldér, J., Friberg, P., Hjalmarson, Å., Höglund, B., Irvine, W.M., Olofsson, H. and Rydbeck, G.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys., 130, 227.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  139. Ho, P.T.P., Genzel, R. & Das, A.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 266, 596.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  140. Wilson, R.W., Penzias, A.A., Jefferts, K.B., Kutner, M., & Thaddeus, P.: 1971, Astrophys. J., 167, L97.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  141. Snyder, L.E. & Buhl, D.: 1974, Astrophys. J., 189, L31.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  142. Buhl, D., Snyder, L.E., Lovas, F.J. & Johnson, D.R.: 1974, Astrophys. J., 192, L97.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  143. Moran, J.M., Ball, J.A., Predmore, C.R., Lane, A.P., Huguenin, G.R., Reid, M.J. and Hansen, S.S.: 1979, Astrophys. J., 231, L67.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  144. Elitzur, M.: 1980, Astrophys. J., 240, 553.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  145. Bujarrabal, V. & Nguyen-Quang-Rieu: 1981, Astron. Astrophys., 102, 65.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  146. Olofsson, H., Hjalmarson, Å. & Rydbeck, O.E.H.: 1981, Astron. Astrophys., 100, L30.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  147. Genzel, R., Downes, D., Schwartz, P.R., Spencer, J.H., Pankonin, V. & Baars, J.W.M.: 1980, Astrophys. J., 239, 519.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  148. Genzel, R., Reid, M.J., Moran, J.M. & Downes, D.: 1981, Astrophys. J., 244, 884.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  149. Rydbeck, O.E.H., Hjalmarson, Å., Rydbeck, G., Elldér, J., Olofsson, H. & Sume, A.: 1981, Astrophys. J., 243, L41.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  150. Turner, B.E. & Zuckerman, B.: 1974, Astrophys. J., 187, L59.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  151. Robinson, B.J.: 1967, IAU Symposium No. 31, Radio Astronomy and the Galactic System, ed. H. van Woerden, p. 49, (London, Academic Press).

    Google Scholar 

  152. Rydbeck, O.E.H., Elldér, J., Irvine, W.M., Sume, A. & Hjalmarson, Å.: 1974, Astron. Astrophys., 34, 479.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  153. Rydbeck, O.E.H., Elldér, J., Irvine, W.M., Sume, A. & Hjalmarson, Å.: 1974, Astron. Astrophys., 33, 315.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  154. Rydbeck, O.E.H., Kollberg, E., Hjalmarson, Å., Sume, A., Elldér, J. & Irvine, W.M.: Radio observations of interstellar CH. I. Astrophys. J. Supplement Séries, 31, No. 3, 1976 July; see also part II, of the same title, in Supplement Séries, 35, 263, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  155. Bogey, M., Demuynck, C. & Destombes, J.L.: 1983, Chem. Phys. Letters, Vol. 100, No. 1, 105.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  156. Bouloy, D., Nguyen-Q-Rieu, and Field, D.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys., 130, 380.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  157. Johansson, L.E.B.: The galactic distribution of CH, 1979, Research Report No. 136, Res. Lab. of Electronics & Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers Univ. of Technology; see also Johansson et al. 1979, IAU Symp. No. 84.

    Google Scholar 

  158. Lovas, F.J., Suenram, R.D. & Evenson, K.M.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 267, L131.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  159. Kollberg, E.L. & Lewin, P.T.: 1976, IEEE Trans., MTT-24, 718.

    Google Scholar 

  160. Rydbeck, O.E.H., Sume, A., Hjalmarson, Å., Elldér, J., Ronnang, B.O. & Kollberg, E.: 1977, Astrophys. J., 215, L35

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  161. Ho, P.T.P. & Townes, C.H.: 1983, Ann. Rev. Astron, Astrophys., 21, 239.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  162. Friberg, P., Hjalmarson, Å., Irvine, W.M., and Guelin, M.: 1980, Astrophys. J., 241, L99.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  163. Irvine, W.M., Höglund, B., Friberg, P., Askne, J. and Elldér, J.: 1981, Astrophys. J., 248, L113.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  164. Guelin, M., Friberg, P., and Mezaoui, A.: 1982, Astron. Astrophys., 109, 23.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  165. Gottlieb, C.A., Gottlieb, E.W., Thaddeus, P. and Kawamura, H.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 275, 916.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  166. Buhl, D., and Snyder, L.E.: 1970, Nature, 228, 267.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  167. Klemperer, W.: 1970, Nature, 227, 1230.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  168. Woods, R.C., Dixon, T.A., Saykally, R.J., and Szanto, P.G. 1975, Phys. Rev. (Letters), 35, 1269.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  169. Snyder, L.E., Hollis, J.M., Lovas, F.J., and Ulich, B.L.: 1976, Astrophys. J., 209, 67.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  170. Turner, B.E.: 1974, Astrophys. J. (Letters), 193, L83.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  171. Green, S., Montgomery, J.A., Jr., and Thaddeus, P.: 1974, Astrophys. J. (Letters), 193, L89.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  172. Saykally, R.J., Dixon, T.A., Anderson, T.G., Szanto, P.G., and Woods, R.C.: 1976, Astrophys. J. (Letters), 205, L101.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  173. Winnewisser, G., Churchwell, E., and Walmsley, C.M.: 1979, in Modern Aspects of Microwave Spectro-Scopy (ed. G.W. Chantry), Academic Press, p. 313.

    Google Scholar 

  174. Herbst, E., and Klemperer, W.: 1973, Astrophys. J., 185, 505.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  175. Watson, W.D.: 1974, Astrophys. J., 188, 35.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  176. Snyder, L.E., and Buhl, D.: 1974, Astrophys, J. (Letters), 189, L31.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  177. Lovas, F.J., Johnson, D.R., Buhl, D., Snyder, L.E.: 1976, Astrophys. J., 209, 770.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  178. Elldér, J., Friberg, P., Hjalmarson, Å., Höglund, B., Irvine, W.M., Johansson, L.E.B., Olofsson, H., Rydbeck, G., Rydbeck, O.E.H., and Guelin, M.: 1980, Astrophys. J. (Letters), 242, L93.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  179. Clark, F.O., Lovas, F.J., and Johnson, D.R.: 1979, Astrophys. J., 229, 553.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  180. Bauder, A.: 1979, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 8, 583.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  181. Johansson, L.E.B., Andersson, C., Elldér, J., Friberg, P., Hjalmarson, Å., Höglund, B., Irvine, W.M., Olofsson, H., and Rydbeck, G.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys., 130, 227.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  182. Sastry, K.V.L.N., Lees, R.M., and De Lucia, F.C.: 1984, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 103, 486.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  183. Herbst, E., Norbeck, J.M., Certain, P.R., and Klemperer, W.: 1976, Astrophys. J., 207, 110.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  184. Woods, R.C., Gudeman, C.S., Dickman, R.L., Goldsmith, P.F., Huguenin, G.R., Irvine, W.M., Hjalmarson, Å., Nyman, L.-Å., and Olofsson, H.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 270, 583.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  185. De Frees, D.J., McLean, A.D., and Herbst, E.: 1984, Astrophys. J., 279, 322.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  186. Irvine, W.M., Schloerb, F.P., Hjalmarson, Å., and Herbst, E.: 1984, in Protostars and Planets II (eds. D.C. Black and M.S. Matthews), Univ. Arizona Press.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Kraemer, W.P., and Bunker, P.R.: 1983, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 101, 379.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  188. Sutton, E.C., Blake, G., Masson, C., and Phillips, T.G.: 1984, in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  189. Green, S.: 1980, Astrophys. J., 240, 962.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  190. Cooper, D.L.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 265, 808.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  191. Nejad, L.A.M., Millar, T.J., and Freeman, A.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys., 134, 129.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  192. Thaddeus, P., Cummins, S.E., and Linke, R.A.: 1984, preprint.

    Google Scholar 

  193. Michalopoulos, D.L., Geusic, M.E., Langridge-Smith, P.R.R. and Smalley, R.E.: 1983, J. Chem. Phys., submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  194. Hasegawa, T., Kaifu, N., Inatani, J., Morimoto, M., Chikada, Y., Hirabayashi, H., Iwashita, H., Morita, K., Tojo, A., and Akabane, K.: 1984, Astrophys. J. (Letters), July 15.

    Google Scholar 

  195. Bally, J., and Lada, C.F.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 265, 824.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  196. Friberg, P.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys., 132, 265.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  197. Olofsson, H.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys., 134, 36.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  198. Askne, J., Höglund, B., Hjalmarson, Å., and Irvine, W.M.: 1984, Astron, Astrophys., 130, 311.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  199. Rydbeck, O.E.H., Hjalmarson, Å., Rydbeck, G., Elldér, J., Olofsson, H., and Sume’, A.: 1981, Astrophys. J. (Letters), 243, L41

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  200. Batrla, W., Wilson, T.L., Bastien, P., and Ruf, K.: 1983, Astron. Astrophys., 128, 279.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  201. Schloerb, F.P., Friberg, P., Hjalmarson, Å., Höglund, B., and Irvine, W.M.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 264, 161.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  202. Schloerb, F.P., Friberg, P., Hjalmarson, Å., Höglund, B., and Irvine, W.M.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 264, 161.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  203. Olofsson, H., Johansson, L.E.B., Hjalmarson, Å., and Nguyen-Quang-Rieu: 1982, Astron. Astrophys., 107, 128.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  204. Olofsson, H., Johansson, L.E.B., Hjalmarson, Å., and Nguyen-Quang-Rieu: 1982, Astron. Astrophys., 107, 128.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  205. Stark, A.A.: 1981, Astrophys. J., 245, 99.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  206. Wannier, P.G.: 1980, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 18, 399.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  207. Smith, D., and Adams, N.G.: 1980, Astrophys. J., 242, 424.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  208. Penzias, A.: 1980, Science, 208, 663.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  209. Henkel, C., Wilson, T.L., and Bieging, J.: 1982, Astron. Astrophys., 109, 344.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  210. Wilson, R.W., Langer, W.D., and Goldsmith, P.F.: 1981, Astrophys. J. (Letters), 243, L47.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  211. Penzias, A.A.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 273, 195.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  212. Scoville, N.Z., Kleinman, S.G., Hall, D.N.B., and Ridgway, S.T.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 275, 201.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  213. Vanden Bout, P.A., and Snell, R.L.: 1980, Astrophys. J., 236, 460.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  214. Wannier, P.G., Penzias, A.A., and Jenkins, E.B.: 1982, Astrophys. J., 254, 100.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  215. Wannier, P.G., and Linke, R.A.: 1978, Astrophys. J., 225, 130.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  216. Barnes, T.G., Beer, R., Hinkle, K.H., and Lambert, D.L.: 1977, Astrophys. J., 213, 71.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  217. Wannier, P.G., Linke, R.A., and Penzias, A.A.: 1981, Astrophys. J., 247, 522.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  218. Thum, C., Mezger, P.G., and Pankonin, V.: 1980, Astron. Astrophys., 87, 269.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  219. Loren, R.B.: 1984, MWO Spectral Line Detections from 128 to 357 GHz, 1979–1984, Technical Report No. AST8116403–1, Electrical Engineering Research Laboratory, University of Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  220. Cummins, S.E., Linke, R.A., and Thaddeus, P.: 1984, in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  221. Lovas, F.J., Snyder, L.E., and Johnson, D.R.: 1979, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 41, 451.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  222. Turner, B.E.: 1983, Astrophys. Letters, 23, 217.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  223. Broten, N.W., McLeod, J.M., Avery, L.W., Irvine, W.M., Höglund, B., Friberg, P., and Hjalmarson, Å.: 1984, Astrophys. J. (Letters), 276, L25.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  224. Walmsley, C.M., Jewell, P.R., Snyder, L.E., and Winnewisser, G.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys. (Letters), 134, L11.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  225. Brown, R.D., Eastwood, F.W., Elmes, P.S., and Godfrey, P.: 1983, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 105, 6496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  226. Suzuki, H., Kaifu, N., Miyaji, T., Morimoto, M., Ohishi, M., and Saito, S.: 1984, Astrophys. J. (Letters), submitted (Nobeyama Radio Observatory Report No. 21, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  227. Nyman, L.-Å.: 1983, Astron. Astrophys., 120, 307.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  228. Nyman, L.-Å.: 1983, Astron. Astrophys., 120, 307.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  229. Wootten, A., Loren, R.B., and Snell, R.L.: 1982, Astrophys. J., 255, 160.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  230. Stenholm, L.G.: 1983, Astron. Astrophys., 117, 41.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  231. Olofsson, H., Elldér, J., Hjalmarson, Å., and Rydbeck, G.: 1982, Astron. Astrophys., 113, L18.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  232. Scalo, J.M., and Slavsky, D.B.: 1980, Astrophys. J. (Letters), 239, L73.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  233. Dalgarno, A.: 1981, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, A303, 513.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  234. Watson, W.D., and Walmsley, C.M.: 1982, in Regions of Recent Star Dormation (eds. Roger, R.S. and Dewdney, P.E.), Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 357.

    Google Scholar 

  235. McCabe, E.M., Smith, R.C., and Clegg, R.E.S.: 1979, Nature, 281, 263.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  236. Lafont, S., Lucas, R., and Omont, A.: 1982, Astron. Astrophys., 106, 201.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  237. Huggins, P.J., Glassgold, A.E., and Morris, M.: 1984, Astrophys. J., 279, 284.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  238. Huggins, P.J., Glassgold, A.E., and Morris, M.: 1984, Astrophys. J., 279, 284.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  239. Sutton, E.C., Masson, C.R., and Phillips, T.G.: 1983, Astrophys. J. (Letters), 275, L49.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  240. Young, J.S., and Scoville, N.Z.: 1984, Astrophys. J., submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  241. Rydbeck, G., Hjalmarson, Å., and Rydbeck, O.E.H.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys., submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  242. Boroson, T.: 1981, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 46, 177.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  243. Scoville, N.Z., and Young, J.S.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 265, 148.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  244. Lo, K.Y., Berge, G.L., Claussen, M.J., Heiligman, G.M., Leighton, R.B., Masson, C.R., Moffet, A.T., Phillips, T.G., Sargent, A.I., Scott, S.L., Wannier, P.G., and Woody, D.P.: 1984, Astrophys. J. (Letters), submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  245. Goldsmith, P.F., and Langer, W.D.: 1978, Astrophys. J., 222, 881.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  246. Takashi, T., Hollenbach, D.J., and Silk, J.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 275, 145.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  247. Guelin, M., Langer, W.D., and Wilson, R.W.: 1982, Astron. Astrophys., 107, 107.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  248. Langer, W.D.: 1978, Astrophys. J., 225, 95.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  249. Paleologou, E.V., and Mouschovias, T.Ch.: 1983, Astrophys. J., 275, 838.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  250. Davies, R.D.: 1981, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, A303, 581.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  251. Harwit, M.: 1984, Comments Astrophys., 10, No. 2, p. 65.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  252. Blake, G.A., Sutton, E.C., Masson, C.R., Phillips, T.G., Herbst, E., Plummer, G.M., and De Lucia, F.C.: 1984, preprint.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Onsala Space Observatory, OSO, Chalmers University of Technology, S-439 00, Onsala, Sweden

    O. E. H. Rydbeck & Å Hjalmarson

Authors
  1. O. E. H. Rydbeck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Å Hjalmarson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Astrophysik, Max-Planck-lnstitut für Physik und Astrophysik, Garching-bei-München, Germany

    G. H. F. Diercksen

  2. Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

    W. F. Huebner

  3. Department of Chemistry, Indian University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

    P. W. Langhoff

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 D. Reidel Publishing Company

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rydbeck, O.E.H., Hjalmarson, Å. (1985). Radio Observations of Interstellar Molecules, of their behaviour, and of their physics. In: Diercksen, G.H.F., Huebner, W.F., Langhoff, P.W. (eds) Molecular Astrophysics. NATO ASI Series, vol 157. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5432-8_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5432-8_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8898-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-5432-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation