Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Scientific Results in Radioglaciology

  • Chapter
Radioglaciology

Part of the book series: Glaciology and Quaternary Geology ((GQGE,volume 1))

  • 82 Accesses

Abstract

In Chapter 3, we discussed the principal measurements on the electrical properties of ice grown in the laboratory and our discussion touched briefly on the electrical properties across the entire frequency spectrum. We will now consider the properties of natural glacier ice and, in doing so, concentrate our attention on the range of frequencies that are of concern in radioglaciology, i.e., 104–109Hz. In this range, both ε′ and σ∞ are essentially constant as a function of frequency, ε′ is also nearly constant with temperature, whereas σ∞ varies according to an activation energy that is essentially the same as that for the characteristic relaxation time, τ. In this part of the spectrum the Debye theory works very nicely, so that we infer results about the temperature dependence of τ from measurements of σ∞- most of the actual measurements are of the latter quantity, which is directly involved in the energy absorption rate in the ice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Atlas of Antarctica, Vol. I, Leningrad, Main Department of Cartography of the U.S.S.R., 1966, 66 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Budd, W.F. Ice mass dynamics. Translated from the English, Leningrad, Hydrometeoizdat, 1975, 236 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Belousova, I.M. Bogorodsky, V.V., Danilov, O.V., Ivanov, I.P. ‘Glacier movement investigations by means of laser’. Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., 1971, 1999 (5) 1055–1057.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bogorodsky, V.V. Physical methods of glacier investigations. Leningrad, Hydrometeoizdat, 1962, 212 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bogorodsky, V.V. ‘Complex method of water mass estimation in glaciers’. Meteorology and hydrology, 1978, No. 11, 70–77.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bogorodsky, V.V., Trepov, G.V., Fedorov, B.A. ‘Possibility of laser use for ice cover dynamic investigations’. Trans. AARI, 1970, 295, 32–34.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bogorodsky, V.V., Trepov, G.V., Fedorov, B.A. ‘Focusing factor in radar sounding of media.’ Trans. AARI, 1974, 324, 4–11.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bogorodsky, V.V., Trepov, G.V. Fedorov, B.A. ‘Amplitude fluctuations of radar signals in glacier sounding’. Trans. AARI, 1974, 324, 20–27.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bogorodsky, V.V., Trepov, G.V., Fedorov, B.A. ‘Polarization variations of radar signals in sounding of glaciers in the Arctic’. J. Technical Physics, 1976, 46 (2) 366–372.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bogorodsky, V.V., Trepov, G.V., Sheremetyev, A.N. ‘Radar sounding measurements for determining the thickness and velocity of the Antarctic ice sheet’. Trans. Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. Physics of the Earth, 1979, No. 1, 95–100.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bogorodsky, V.V., Fedorov, B.A. ‘Radar sounding of glaciers’. J. Technical Physics, 1967, 37 (4) 782–788.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bogorodsky, V.V., Fedorov, B.A. ‘Radar sounding of glaciers of Severnaya Zemlya’. Trans. AARI, 1970, 295, 5–16.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Boyarsky, V.I., Fedorov, B.A. ‘A few peculiarities of radar signals in sounding of glaciers of Severnaya Zemlya’. Trans. AARI, 1978, 359, 56–60.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Govorukha, L.S., Ivanov, V.V., Chizhov, O.P. ‘Glacial water resources and ice flow in the Arctic’. Problems of Arctic and Antarctic, 1974, No. 45, 5–12.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kluga, A.M. ‘Energy characteristics of radar signals from glacial crevasses’. Trans. RICA, 1972, 228, 56–60.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ice and Snow. Edited by Kingery, W.D. (Translated from the English and edited by Saveljev, B.A.). Peace, 1966, 478 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Macheret, Yu.Ya., Gromyko, A.N., Juravlev, A.V. ‘Radar sounding of Spitsbergen glaciers’. Materials of glaciological investigations, 1980, No. 38, 279–287.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Macheret, Yu.Ya., Juravlev, A.V., ‘Interpretation of results of radar sounding of Spitsbergen glaciers from a helicopter’. Materials of glaciological investigations, 1973, No. 22, 109–131.

    Google Scholar 

  19. World Water Balance and Water Resources of the Earth. Leningrad, Hydrometeoizdat, 1974, 638 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pasynkov V.V. Materials for Electronic Engineering. Moscow, High School, 1980, 406 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Pustylnick E.T. Statistical Methods of Analysis and Processing of Data. Moscow Science, 1968, 196 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Trepov, G.V. ‘Estimation of glacial temperature profiles from radar sounding data’. Bull. SAE, 1970, No. 79, 53–55.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Fedorov, B.A. ‘Measurements of the mean velocity of vertical propagation of pulse signals in glaciers of Severnaya Zemlya’. Trans. AARI, 1978, 359, 48–55.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ackley, S.F., Itagaki, K. ‘Strain effect on the dielectric properties of ice’. U.S. Army Terrestrial Sci. Center, Tech. Note, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ackley, S.F., Keliher, T. E. ‘Ice sheet internal radio-echo reflections and associated physical property changes with depth’. J. Geophys. Res., 1979, 84 (B10) 5675–5680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Allison, I., Frew, R., Knight, I. ‘Bedrock and surface topography of the coastal regions of Antarctica between 48°E and 64°E’. Polar Record, 1982, 21 (132) 241–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ambach, W., Denoth, A. ‘Studies on the dielectric properties of snow’. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeol., 1972, 8 (1-2) 113–123.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Annan, A.O. ‘Radio interferometry depth sounding. Part 1: Theoretical discussion’. Geophysics, 1973, 38, (3) 557–580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Bailey, J.T., Evans, S. ‘Radio echo sounding on the Brunt ice shelf and in Coats Land, 1965’. British Antarctic Survey Bull., 1968, No. 17, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Banos, A. Dipole radiation in the Presence of a Conducting Half-Space. New York, Pergamon Press, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Barnard, H.P. ‘Radio echo sounding in western Dronning Maud Land, 1974’. South African J. Antarctic Res., 1975, No. 5, 37–41.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Beitzel, J.E. ‘Geophysical exploration in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica’. In: A.P. Crary, ed, Antarctic Snow and Ice Studies II, Amer. Geophys. Union, Antarctic Res. Ser., 1971, Vol. 16, pp. 39–87.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Bentley, C.R. ‘Seismic anisotropy in the West Antarctic ice sheet’. In: A.P. Crary, ed., Antarctic Snow and Ice Studies II, Amer. Geophys. Union, Antarctic Res. Ser., 1971, Vol. 16, pp. 131–177.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Bentley, C.R. ‘Advances in geophysical exploration of ice sheets and glaciers’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 15 (73) 113–134.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bentley, C.R. etal., ‘Geophysical investigation of the Dome C area’. Antarctic J. U.S., 1979, 16 (5) 98–100.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bentley, C.R. ‘Variations in valley glacier activity in the Transantarctic Mountains as indicated by associated flow bands in the Ross ice shelf’. - IAHS Pub. No. 131 (Sea Level, Ice and Climatic Change: Proc. Canberra Symposium, December 1979), 1981, pp. 247–251.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Bentley, C.R., Clough, J.W., Jezek, K.C., Shabtaie, S. ‘Ice thickness patterns and the dynamics of the Ross ice shelf’. J. Glaciol., 1979, 24 (90) 287–294.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Berry, M.V. ‘The statistical properties of echoes diffracted from rough surfaces’. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1973, Ser. A, 273 (1237) 611–654.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Berry, M.V. ‘The theory of radio echoes from glacier beds’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 15 (73) 65–74.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Blankenship, D.D. et al. ‘Seismic and magnetic indications of subglacial geology, Dome C, Antarctica’ (abstract). Paper presented at AGU Midwest Meeting, DeKalb, 18–19 September 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Bourgoin, J.-P. ‘Quelques caracteres analytiques de la surface et du socle de l’inlandsis groenlandais’. Annales de Geophysique, 1956, 12 (1) 75–83.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Budd, W.F. ‘Stress variations with ice flow over undulations’. J. Glaciol., 1971, 10 (59) 29–48.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Budd, W.F., Carter, D.B. ‘An analysis of the relation between the surface and bedrock profiles of ice caps’. J. Glaciol., 1971, 10 (59) 197–209.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Budd, W.F., Young, N.W. ‘Results from the IAGP flowline study inland of Casey, Wilkes Land, Antarctica’. J. Glaciol., 1979, 24 (90) 89–101.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Calkin, P.E. ‘Radio echo sounding records from southern Victoria Land’. Antarctic J. U.S., 1971, 6 (5) 208–209.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Calkin, P.E. ‘Subglacial geomorphology surrounding the ice-free valleys of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica’. J. Glaciol., 1974, 13 (69) 415–430.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Camplin, G.C., Glen, J.W. The dielectric properties of HP-doped single crystals of ice’. In: Whalley, E., Jones, S.J., Gold, L.W., eds., Physics and Chemistry of Ice: Papers presented at the Symposium on the Physics and Chemistry of Ice, Ottawa, Canada, 14–18 August 1972, Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa, 1973, pp. 256–261.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Clarke, G.K.C., Goodman, R.H. ‘Radio-echo sounding and ice-temperature measurements in a surge-type glacier’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 14 (70) 71–78.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Clough, J.W., Bentley, C.R. ‘Electromagnetic sounding of glacial and shelf ice’. Antarctic J. U.S., 1967, 2 (4) 119–120.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Clough, J.W., Bentley, C.R. ‘Measurement of electromagnetic wave velocity in the East Antarctic ice sheet’. In: Gow, A.J. et al., eds., Proc. ISAGE Symposium, IASH Pub., No. 86, 1970, pp. 115–128.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Clough, J.W. ‘Radio echo sounding: brine percolation layer’. J. Glaciol., 1973, 12 (64) 141–143.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Clough, J.W. ‘Propagation of radio waves in the Antarctic ice sheet’. Ph. D. Thesis, Geophys. and Polar Res. Center, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, 1974, 119 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Clough, J.W. ‘RISP radio echo soundings’. Antarctic J. U.S., 1974, 9 (4) 159 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Clough, J.W. ‘Bottom crevasses in the Ross ice shelf’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 15 (73) 457–458.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Clough, J.W. ‘Radio echo sounding: reflections from internal layers in ice sheets’. J. Glaciol., 1977, 18 (78) 3–14.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Clough, J. W.,Jezek, K.C., Robertson, J.D. ‘RISP drill site survey’. Antarctic J. U.S., 1915, 10 (4) p. 148.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Collins, I.F. ‘On the use of the equilibrium equations and flow law in relating the surface and bed topography of glaciers and ice sheets’. J. Glaciol., 1968, 7 (50) 199–204.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Cook, J.C. ‘RF electrical properties of salty ice and frozen earth’. J. Geophys. Res., 1960, 65 (6) 1767–1771.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Crary, J.H., Crombie, D.D. ‘Antarctic ice cap attenuation rates of VLF signals determined from short and long great circle paths’. Radio Science, 1972, 7 (2) 233–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Crary, A.P., Robinson, E.S., Bennett, H.F., Boyd, W.W. ‘Glaciological studies of the Ross ice shelf, Antarctica, 1957–60’. IGY Glaciol. Report 6, Am. Geog. Soc., 1962, 193 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Cumming, W.A. ‘The dielectric properties of ice and snow at 3.2 centimeters’. J. Appl. Phys., 1952, 23 (7) 768–773.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Davis, J.L., Halliday, J.S., Miller, K.J. ‘Radio echo sounding on a valley glacier in East Greenland’. J. Glaciol., 1973, 12 (64) 87–91.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Doake, C.S.M. ‘Glacier sliding measured by a radio echo technique’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 15 (73) 89–93.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Doake, C.S.M. ‘Bottom sliding of a glacier measured from the surface’. Nature, 1975, 257 780–782.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Doake, C.S.M., Gorman, M., Paterson, W.S.B. ‘A further comparison of glacier velocities measured by radio-echo survey methods’. J. Glaciol., 1976, 17 (75) 35–38.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Drewry, D.J. ‘Subglacial morphology between the Transantarctic Mountains and the South Pole’. In: R.J. Adie, ed., Antarctic Geology and Geophysics, Olso, Universitetsforlaget, 1971, pp. 693–703.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Drewry, D.J. ‘The contribution of radio echo sounding to the investigation of Cenozoic tectonics and glaciation in Antarctica’. Inst. British Geographers, Special Pub., 1972, No. 4, pp. 43–57.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Drewry, D.J. ‘Sub-ice relief and geology of East Antarctica’. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1973, 217 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Drewry, D.J. ‘Comparison of electromagnetic and seismic-gravity ice thickness measurements in East Antarctica’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 15 (73) 137–150.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Drewry, D.J. ‘Terrain units in eastern Antarctica’. Nature, 1975, 256, 194–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Drewry, D.J. ‘Sedimentary basins of the East Antarctic craton from geophysical evidence’. Tectonophysics, 1976, 36 (1–3) 301–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Drewry, D.J. ‘Ice flow, bedrock, and geothermal studies from radio-echo sounding inland of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica’. In: C. Craddock, ed., Antarctic Geoscience, University of Wisconsin Press, 1982, pp. 977–983.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Drewry, D.J., Meldrum, D.T. ‘Antarctic airborne radio echo sounding, 1977–78’. Polar Record, 1978, 19 (120) 267–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Drewry, D.J., Meldrum, D.T., Jankowski, E. ‘Radio echo and magnetic sounding of the Antarctic ice sheet, 1978–79’. Polar Record, 1980, 20 (124) 43–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Evans, S. ‘Dielectric properties of ice and snow—a review’. J. Glaciol., 1965, 5 (42) 773–792.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Evans, S. ‘Progress report on radio echo sounding’. Polar Record, 1967, 13 (85) 413–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Evans, S., Drewry, D.J., Robin, G. de Q. ‘Radio echo sounding in Antarctica, 1971–72’. Polar Record, 1972, 16 (101) 207–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Evans, S., Robin, G. de Q. ‘Ice thickness measurement by radio echo sounding, 1971–1972’. Antarctic J. U.S., 1972, 7 (4) 108–110.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Fitzgerald, W.J., Paren, J.G. ‘The dielectric properties of Antarctic ice’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 15 (73) 39–48.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Fujino, K. ‘Electrical properties of sea ice’. In: H. Oura, ed. Physics of Snow and Ice: Proc. Int. Conf on Low Temperature Science, 1966, Vol. 1, Part 1, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 1967, pp. 633–648.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Gassett, R.M. et al. ‘Bottom topography and gravity, Dome C, Antarctica’ (abstract). Presented at AGU Mid-west Meeting, DeKalb, 18–19 September 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Glen, J.W., Paren, J.G. ‘The electrical properties of snow and ice’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 15 (73) 15–38.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Goodman, R.H. ‘Time-dependent intraglacier structures’. J. Glaciol., 1973, 12 (66) 512–513.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Goodman, R.H. ‘Radio echo sounding on temperate glaciers’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 14 (70) 57–69.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Goodman, R.H. et al. ‘Radio soundings on Trapridge Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 14 (70) 79–84.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Goodman, R.H., Terroux, A.C.D. ‘Use of radio echo sounder techniques in the study of glacial hydrology’. IASH Pub., No. 95 (Proc. Symp. on the Hydrology of Glaciers, Cambridge, 7–13 Sept. 1969), 1973, p. 149.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Gow, A.J., Ueda, H.T., Garfield, D.E. ‘Antarctic ice sheet: preliminary results of first core hole to bedrock’. Science, 1968, 161 (3845) 1011–1013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Gudmandsen, P. ‘Notes on radar sounding of the Greenland ice sheet’. In Gudmandsen, P., ed., Proc. Int. Meeting on Radioglaciology, Lyngby, May, 1970. Lungby, Tech. Univ. of Denmark, Lab. for Electromagnetic Theory, 1970, pp. 124–133.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Gudmandsen, P. ‘Layer echoes in polar ice sheets’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 15 (73) 95–101.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Gudmandsen, P., Overgaard, S. ‘Establishment of time horizons in polar ice sheets by means of radio echo sounding’. Lyngby, Electromagnetics Inst., Tech. Univ. of Denmark, 1978, No. R312.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Hammer, C.U. ‘Past volcanism revealed by Greenland ice sheet inpurities’. Nature, 1977, 270 (5637) 482–486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Hammer, C.U. ‘Acidity of polar ice cores in relation to absolute dating, past volcanism and radio echoes’. J. Glaciol., 1980, 25 (93) 359–372.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Hargreaves, N.D. ‘The polarization of radio signals in the radio echo sounding of ice sheets’. J. Physics, Ser. D: Applied Physics, 1977, 10, 1285–1305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Hargreaves, N.D. ‘Radio echo studies of the dielectric properties of ice sheets’. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Hargreaves, N.D. ‘The radio-frequency birefringence of polar ice’. J. Glaciol., 1978, 21 (85) 301–313.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Harrison, C.H. ‘Reconstruction of subglacial relief from radio echo sounding records’. Geophysics, 1970, 35 (6) 1099–1115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Harrison, C.H. ‘Radio echo sounding: focusing effects in wavy strata’. Geophys. J., Roy. Astron. Soc., 1971, 24 383–400.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Harrison, C.H. ‘Radio echo records cannot be used as evidence for convection in the Antarctic ice sheet’. Nature, 1971, 173 (3992) 166–167.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Harrison, C.H. ‘Radio propagation effects in glaciers’. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Cambridge, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Harrison, C.H. ‘Radio echo sounding of horizontal layers in ice’. J. Glaciol., 1973, 12 (66) 383–397.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Hattersley-Smith, G. ‘Results of radio echo sounding in northern Ellesmere Land, 1966’. Geograph. J., 1969, 135 (4) 553–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Hattersley-Smith, G., Fuzesy, A., Evans, S. ‘Operation Tanquary. Glacier depths in northern Ellesmere Island: airborne radio echo sounding in 1966’. Defense Research Board, Tech. Note 69 - 6, December 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Heine, A.J. ‘Brine in the McMurdo ice shelf, Antarctica’. New Zealand J. Geol. and Geophys., 1968, 11 (4) 829–839.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Hermance, J.F. ‘Application of electromagnetic surface waves to the study of the dielectric properties of glacier ice in situ’. In: P. Gudmandsen, ed., Proc. Int. Meeting on Radioglaciology, Lyngby, May, 1970, Tech. Univ. of Denmark, Lab. of Electromagnetic Theory, Lyngby, 1970, pp. 84–87.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Hermance, J.F., Strangway, D.W. ‘In situ dielectric properties of glacier ice using surface wave interference methods’. Brown University Geophysical Laboratory, Rep. 71–1, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Jankowski, E.J., Drewry, D.J. ‘The structure of West Antarctica from geophysical studies’. Nature, 1981, 291 (5810) 17–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Jezek, K.C. ‘Radar investigations of the Ross ice shelf, Antarctica.’ Ph.D. Thesis, Geophys. and Polar Res. Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, 1980, 204 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Jezek, K.C., Bentley, C.R., Clough, J.W. ‘Electromagnetic sounding of bottom crevasses on the [108] Ross ice shelf’. J. Glaciol., 1979, 24 (90) 321–330.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Jezek, K.C., Clough, J.W., Bentley, C.R., Shabtaie, S. ‘Dielectric permittivity of glacier ice measured in situ by radar wide-angle reflection’. J. Glaciol., 1978, 21 (85) 315–329.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Jiracek, G.R. ‘Radio sounding of Antarctic ice’. Geophys. and Polar Res. Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Res. Rep. 67–1, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Jiracek, G.R., Bentley, C.R. ‘Velocity of electromagnetic waves in Antarctic ice’. In: A.P. Crary, ed., Antarctic Snow and Ice Studies II, American Geophys. Union, Antarctic Res. Ser., 1971, Vol. 16, pp. 199–208.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  112. Johari, G.P., Charette, P. A. ‘The permittivity and attenuation in polycrystalline and single-crystal ice lh at 35 and 60MHz’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 14 (71) 293–303.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Jones, S.J. ‘Radio depth sounding on Meighen and Barnes ice caps, Arctic.Canada’. Canada, Department of the Environment, Inland Waters Directorate, Scientific Series No. 25, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Keeler, C.M. ‘Some physical properties of alpine snow’. U.S. Cold Regions Res. and Eng. Lab., Res. Rep. 271, 1969, 70 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Koerner, R.M. ‘Ice thickness measurements and their implications with respect to past and present ice volumes in the Canadian high Arctic ice caps’. Can. J. Earth Sci., 1977, 14, 2697–2705.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Kovacs, A. ‘Radio echo sounding in the Allen Hills, Antarctica, in support of the meteorite field program’. CRREL Spec. Rep. 80–23, 1980, 9 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Kovacs, A., Abele, G. ‘Crevasse detection using an impulse radar system’. Antarctic J. U.S., 1974, 9 (4) 177–178.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Kovacs, A., Gow, A.J. ‘Brine infiltration in the McMurdo ice shelf, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica’. J. Geophys. Res., 1975, 80 (15) 1957–1961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Kovacs, A., Gow, A. J. ‘Subsurface measurements of the Ross ice shelf, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.’ Antarctic J. U.S., 1977, 12 (4) 146–148.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Kovacs, A., Morey, R.M. ‘Radar anisotropy of sea ice due to preferred azimuthal orientation of the horizontal c-axis of ice crystals’. J. Geophys. Res., 1978, 83 (12) 6037–6046.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Kovacs, A., Morey, R.M. ‘Investigations of sea ice anisotropy, electromagnetic properties, strength, and under-ice current orientation’. CRREL Rep. 80–20, 1980, 18 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Kuroiwa, D. ‘The dielectric property of snow’. Union Geodes. et Geophys. Intern., Assoc. Intern. d’Hydrologie Sci., Proc. Assemblee Generate de Rome, 1954, 1956, Vol. 4, pp. 52–63.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Kuroiwa, D. ‘Electrical properties of snow’. In: The Physics and Mechanics of Snow as a Material, U.S. Cold. Regions Res. and Eng. Lab., Cold Regions Sci. and Eng., 1962, Part 2, Section B, pp. 63–79.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Mae, S. ‘Bedrock topography deduced from multiple radar echoes observed on the Mizuho Plateau, East Antarctica.’ Antarctic Record, 1978, No. 61, pp. 23–31.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Maeno, N. ‘Measurements of surface and volume conductivities of single ice crystals’. In: E. Whalley et al., eds., Physics and Chemistry of Ice: Proc. Symp. on the Physics and Chemistry of Ice, Ottawa, Canada, 14–18 August 1972, Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa, 1973, pp. 140–143.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Maeno, N. ‘Investigations of electrical properties of deep ice cores obtained by drilling in Antarctica’. In: Physical and Chemical Studies on Ices from Glaciers and Ice Sheets, Monbusho Kagaku Kenpi Sogo Kenkyu (A.), Hokukusho, 1974, pp. 45–56.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Millar, D.H.H. ‘Radio echo layering in polar ice sheets and past volcanic activity’. Nature, 1981, 292 (5822) 441–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Morgan, V.I., Budd, W.F. ‘Radio echo sounding of the Lambert Glacier basin’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 15 (73) 103–111.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Neal, C.S. ‘The dynamics of the Ross ice shelf revealed by radio echo sounding’. J. Glaciol., 1979, 24 (90) 295–307.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Nye, J.F. ‘The distribution of stress and velocity in glaciers and ice sheets’. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 1957, 239, 113–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Nye, J.F. ‘Deducing thickness changes of an ice sheet from radio echo and other measurements’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 14 (70) 49–56.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Nye, J.F., Berry, M.V., Walford, M.E.R. ‘Measuring the change in thickness of the Antarctic ice sheet’. Nature Phys. Sci., 1972, 240, 7–9.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Nye, J.F., Kyte, R.G., Threlfall, D.C. ‘Proposal for measuring the movement of a large ice sheet by observing radio echoes’. J. Glaciol., 1972, 11 (63) 319–325.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Oswald, G.K.A. ‘Investigation of the sub–ice bedrock characteristics by radio echo sounding’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 15 (73) 75–87.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Oswald, G.K.A., Robin, G. de Q. ‘Lakes beneath the Antarctic ice sheet’. Nature, 1973, 245 (5423) 251–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Overgaard, S. ‘Dielectric measurements on ice core samples’. Lyngby, Electromagnetics Institute, Tech. Univ. of Denmark., 1981, Report R–86.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Paren, J.G. ‘The electrical behavior of polar glaciers’. In: Whalley, E., Jones, S.J., Gold, L.W., eds., Physics and Chemistry of Ice: Proc. Symp. on the Physics and Chemistry of Ice, Ottawa, Canada, 14–18 August 1972, Royal Soc. Canada, Ottawa, 1973, pp. 262–267.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Paren, J.G., Robin, G. de Q. ‘Internal reflections in polar ice sheets’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 14 (71) 251–259.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Paren, J.G., Glen, J.W. ‘Electrical behavior of finely divided ice’. J. Glaciol., 1978, 21 (85) 173–189.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Paterson, W.S.B. ‘Temperature measurements in Athabasca Glacier, Alberta, Canada’. J. Glaciol., 1971, 10 (60) 339–349.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Paterson, W.S.B. ‘Temperature distribution in the upper layers of the ablation area of Athabasca Glacier, Alberta, Canada’. J. Glaciol., 1972, 11 (61) 31–41.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Paterson, W.S.B., Koerner, R.M. ‘Radio echo sounding on four ice caps in Arctic Canada’. Arctic, 1974, 27, 225–233.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Pearce, D.C., Walker, J.W. ‘An empirical determination of the relative dielectric constant of the Greenland ice cap’. J. Geophys. Res., 1967, 72 (22) 5743–5747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. Peden, I.C., Rogers, J.C. ‘An experiment for determining the VLF permittivity of deep Antarctic ice’. IEEE Trans. Geoscience Electron., 1971, GE-9 (4) 224–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. Peden, I.C., Webber, G.E., Chandler, A.S. ‘Complex permittivity of the Antarctic ice sheet in the VLF band’. Radio Science, 1972, 7 (6) 645–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  146. Robertson, J.D. ‘Geophysical studies on the Rose ice shelf, Antarctica’, Ph.D. Thesis, Geophys. and Polar Res. Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, 1975, 214 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Robin, G. de O. ‘Seismic shooting and related investigations’. In: Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Exp., 1949–52, Sci. Results 5, Glaciology 3, Norsk Polarinstitutt, Oslo University Press, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Robin, G. de Q. ‘Surface topography of ice sheets’. Nature, 1967, 215, 1029–1032.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. Robin, G. de O. ‘Radio echo sounding applied to the investigation of the ice thickness and sub-ice relief of Antarctica’. In: J. Adie, ed., Antarctic Geology and Geophysics, Oslo, Universitetsforlaget, 1971, pp. 675–682.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Robin, G. de Q. ‘Radio echo sounding: glaciological interpretations and applications’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 15 (73) 49–64.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Robin, G. de Q ‘Velocity of radio waves in ice by means of a borehole interferometric technique’. J. Glaciol., 1975, 15 (73) 151–160.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Robin, G. de Q, Drewry, D.J., Meldrum, D.T. ‘International studies of ice sheet and bedrock’. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1977, Ser. B., 279, 185–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  153. Robin, G. de Q., Evans, S., Bailey, J.T. ‘Interpretation of radio echo sounding in polar ice sheets’. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1969, Ser. A, 265 (116) 437–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  154. Robin, G. de Q. et al. ‘Radio echo sounding of the Antarctic ice sheet’. Antarctic J. U.S., 1970, 5 (6) 229–232.

    Google Scholar 

  155. Robin, G. de Q., Swithinbank, C.W.M., Smith, B.M.E. ‘Radio echo exploration of the Antarctic ice sheet’. In: Gow, A.J., Keller, C., Langway, C.C., Weeks, W.F., eds., ISAGE Symposium, IASH Pub. No. 86, 1970, pp. 97–115.

    Google Scholar 

  156. Rogers, J.C., Peden, I.C. ‘VLF electrical properties of the ice sheet measured at Byrd Station’. Antarctic J. U.S., 1973, 8 (5) 241–243.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Rose, K.E. ‘Radio echo studies of bedrock in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica’. In: C. Craddock, ed., Antarctic Geoscience, Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1982, pp. 985–992.

    Google Scholar 

  158. Rose, K.E. ‘Characteristics of ice flow in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica’. J. Glaciol., 1979, 24 (90) 63–75.

    Google Scholar 

  159. Schaefer, T.G. ‘Radio echo sounding in western Dronning Maud Land, 1971—a preview’. South African J. Antarctic Res., 1972, (2) 53–56.

    Google Scholar 

  160. Schaefer, T.G. ‘Radio echo sounding in western Dronning Maud Land, 1971’. South African J. Antarctic Res., 1973 (3) 45–52.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Schytt, V. Glaciology II. The Inner Structure of the Ice Shelf at Maudhein as shown by Core Drilling, Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1949–52, Sci. Results, 1958, Vol. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Shabtaie, S. et al. ‘Dome C geophysical survey, 1979–80’. Antarctic J. U.S., 1980, 15 (5) 2–5.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Smith, B.M.E. ‘Airborne radio echo sounding of glaciers in the Antarctic Peninsula’. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Report, 1972, No. 72.

    Google Scholar 

  164. Smith, B.M.E., Evans, S. ‘Radio echo sounding: absorption and scattering by water inclusion and ice lenses’. J. Glaciol., 1972, 11 (61) 133–146.

    Google Scholar 

  165. Steed, R.H.N., Drewry, D.J. ‘Radio echo sounding investigations of Wilkes Land, Antarctica’, In: C. Craddock, ed., Antarctic Geoscience, Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1982, pp. 969–975.

    Google Scholar 

  166. Strangway, D.W. et al. ‘Radio-frequency interferometry—a new technique for studying glaciers’. J. Glaciol., 1974, 13 (67) 123–132.

    Google Scholar 

  167. Swithinbank, C.W.M. ‘Radio echo sounding of Antarctic glaciers from light aircraft’. Proc. IUGG/IASH General Assembly of Berne, 1967. Commission of Snow and Ice, IASH Pub. No. 79, 1968, pp. 405–414.

    Google Scholar 

  168. Swithinbank, C.W.M. Tee movement in the McMurdo Sound area of Antarctica’. Proc. ISAGE Symposium, 3–7 September 1968, Hanover, NH, U.S.A., IASH Pub. No. 86, 1970, pp. 472–487.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Swithinbank, C.W.M. ‘Glaciological research in the Antarctic Peninsula’. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Series B., 1977, 279, 161–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  170. Thomas, R.H. ‘The distribution of 10m temperatures on the Ross ice shelf’. J. Glaciol., 1976, 16 (74) 111–117.

    Google Scholar 

  171. Traub, L.T., Gribbon, P.W.F. ‘The activation energies of temperate snow samples’. J. Glaciol., 1978, 21 (85) 331–339.

    Google Scholar 

  172. Tupper, W.A., Waddington, E.D., Ricker, K.E. ‘Wedgemount Lake and Glacier studies, Northern Garibaldi Park, 1977’. Canadian Alpine J., 1978, 61, 69–70.

    Google Scholar 

  173. Van Autenboer, T., Decleir, H. ‘Airborne radio glaciological investigations during the 1969 Belgian Antarctic Expedition’. Bull. Soc. Beige de Geologie, de Paleontologie et de Hydrologie, 1969, 78 (2) 87–100.

    Google Scholar 

  174. Van Autenboer, T., Decleir, H. ‘Ice thickness and subglacial relief of the Jelbartisen-Trolltunga area, Dronning Maud Land’. In: Adie R.J., ed., Antarctic Geology and Geophysics, Oslo, Universitetsforlaget, 1971, pp. 713–722.

    Google Scholar 

  175. Van Zyl, R.B. ‘Radio echo sounding in western Dronning Maud Land, 1972’. South African J. Antarctic Res., 1973, (3) 53–59.

    Google Scholar 

  176. Von Hippel, A.R., Mykolajewycz, R., Runck, A.H., Westphal, W.B. ‘Dielectric and mechanical response of ice lh single crystals and its interpretation’. J. Chem. Physics, 1972, 57 (6) 2560–2571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. Waddington, E.D., Jones, D.P. ‘A radio echo ice thickness survey of Columbia icefield’. Canadian Alpine J., 1978, 61, p. 73.

    Google Scholar 

  178. Waite, A.H. ‘Ice depth soundings with ultra-high frequency radio waves in the Arctic and Antarctic, and some observed over-ice altimeter errors’. U.S. Army Signal Res. and Dev. Lab., Tech. Rep. 2092, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Waite, A.H. ‘Ice depth sounding by airborne radar’. Paper presented at the Symposium on the Variations of the Regime of Existing Glaciers, Obergurgl, Austria, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Waite, A.H. ‘International experiments in glacier sounding, 1963 and 1964’. Can. J. Earth Sci., 1966, 3 (6) 887–892.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  181. Waite, A.H., Schmidt, S.J. ‘Gross errors in height indication from pulsed radar altimeters operating over thick ice or snow’. Convention Record of the Inst, of Radio Eng., March 1961, Part V, pp. 38–54.

    Google Scholar 

  182. Walford, M.E.R. ‘Radio echo sounding through an ice shelf’. Nature, 1964, 204 (4956) 317–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  183. Walford, M.E.R. ‘Glacier movement measured with a radio echo technique’. Nature, 1972, 239, 93–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  184. Walford, M.E.R., Holdorf, P.C., Oakberg, R.G. ‘Phase-sensitive radio echo sounding at the Devon Island ice cap, Canada’. J. Glaciol., 1977, 18 (79) 217–229.

    Google Scholar 

  185. Watt, A.D., Maxwell, E.L. ‘Measured electrical properties of snow and glacial ice’. J. Res. Nat. Bureau of Standards (Washington, D.C.), 1960, Section D, 64 (4) 357–363.

    Google Scholar 

  186. Watts, R.D., England, A.W. ‘Radio echo sounding of temperate glaciers: ice properties and sounder design criteria’. J. Glaciol., 1976, 17 (75) 39–48.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Weber, J.R., Andrieux, P. ‘Radar sounding on the Penney ice cap, Baffin Island’. J. Glaciol., 1970, 9 (55) 49–54.

    Google Scholar 

  188. Webber, G.E., Peden, I.C. ‘VLF ground-based measurements in Antarctica: their relationship to stratifications in the subsurface terrain’. Radio Science, 1970, 5 (4) 655–662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  189. Weeks, W.F., Gow, A.J. ‘Crystal alignments in the fast ice of Arctic Alaska’. J. Geophys. Res., 1980, 85 (C2) 1137–1146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  190. Weertman, J. ‘Can a water-filled crevasse reach the bottom surface of a glacier?’ I ASH Pub. No. 95 (Proc. Symp. on the Hydrology of Glaciers, Cambridge, 7–13 September 1969), 1973, pp. 139–145.

    Google Scholar 

  191. Whillans, I.M. ‘Radio echo layers and the recent stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet’. Nature, 1976, 264 (11) 152–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  192. Whillans, I.M. ‘The equation of continuity and its application to the ice sheet near Byrd Station, Antarctica’. J. Glaciol., 1977, 18 (80) 359–371.

    Google Scholar 

  193. Whillans, I.M. ‘Ice flow along the Byrd Station strain network, Antarctica’. J. Glaciol., 1979, 24 (90) 15–28.

    Google Scholar 

  194. Wyeth, R.B. ‘The physiography and significance of the transition zone between Graham Land and Palmer Land’. British Antarctic Survey Bull., 1977, No. 46, pp. 39–58.

    Google Scholar 

  195. Yoshino, T., Eto, T. ‘Radio echo sounding of Antarctic ice’. In: Murayama, M., ed., Report of the Japanese Traverse Syowa-South Pole 1968–69, Japan. Antarctic Res. Exp., Sci. Rep. Spec. Issue, 1971, No. 2, pp. 125–130.

    Google Scholar 

  196. Young, N.W. ‘Measured velocities of interior East Antarctica and the state of mass balance within the IAGP area’. J. Glaciol., 1979, 24 (90) 77–87.

    Google Scholar 

  197. Macheret, Yu Ya., Luchininov, V.S. ‘Interpretation of results of a surface radar survey of temperate mountain glaciers’. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovanii. Khronika Obsuzhdeniya, 1973, 22 45–56.

    Google Scholar 

  198. Drewry, D.J. ‘Radio echo sounding map of Antarctica (~90°E–180°)’ Polar Record, 1975, 17 (109) 359–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  199. Robin, G. de Q. ‘Ice shelves and ice flow’. Nature, 1975, 253 (5488) 168–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  200. Jezek, K.C., and Roeloffs, E.A. ‘Measurements of radar wave speeds in polar glaciers using a down-hole radar target technique’. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 1983, 8 199–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  201. Paren, J.G. ‘Dielectric properties of ice’. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  202. Camp, P.R., Kiszenick, W., Arnold, D. ‘Electrical conduction in ice’. In Riehl, N. et al., eds. Physics of Ice. New York, 1969, Plenum Press, 256–61.

    Google Scholar 

  203. Clough, J.W. ‘Electromagnetic lateral waves observed by earth-sounding radars’. Geophysics, 1976, 15 (6a) 1126–1132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  204. Clough, J.W., Bentley, C.R. ‘Electromagnetic sounding at Byrd Station’. Antarctic J. U.S., 1970, 5 (4) 110.

    Google Scholar 

  205. Bogorodsky, V.V., Trepov, G.V., Fedorov, B.A. ‘On measuring dielectric properties of glaciers in the field’. In P. Gudmandsen, ed., Proceedings of The International Meeting on Radioglaciology, Lyngby, May 1970; Technical University of Denmark, Laboratory of Electromagnetic Theory, 1970, 20–31.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Arctic and Antarctic Scientific Research Institute, Leningrad, USSR

    V. V. Bogorodsky

  2. Geophysical and Polar Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA

    C. R. Bentley

  3. Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

    P. E. Gudmandsen

Authors
  1. V. V. Bogorodsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. R. Bentley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. E. Gudmandsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bogorodsky, V.V., Bentley, C.R., Gudmandsen, P.E. (1985). Scientific Results in Radioglaciology. In: Radioglaciology. Glaciology and Quaternary Geology, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5275-1_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5275-1_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8830-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-5275-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation