Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Physiology of halophytes

  • Chapter
Book cover Biosalinity in Action: Bioproduction with Saline Water

Part of the book series: Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences ((DPSS,volume 17))

Summary

The cellular basis of salt tolerance in halophytes depends upon the compartmentation of ions necessary for osmoregulation in vacuoles and upon osmotic adjustment of the cytoplasm by compatible solutes. The central role played by Na+ and Cl− in osmotic adjustment suggests that the transport of these ions and its regulation must be of primary importance in the physiology of the plant as a whole. There have been few investigations into the regulation of leaf ion concentrations, but such data as are in the literature suggest that limiting xylem Na+ (and Cl−) concentrations, together with continued leaf expansion, are particularly important. The role of phloem in retranslocation is uncertain due to lack of data. Decreases in transpiration rate per unit area of leaf help to lower the ion input into leaves. Any linked reductions in photosynthesis appear to be due to decreases in stomatal frequency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Albert R and Popp M 1977 Chemical composition of halophytes from the Neusiedler Lake region in Australia. Oecologia Berl 27, 157–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ansari R 1982 Salt tolerance studies in some grasses. D.Phil. Thesis, University of Sussex.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Antlfinger A E and Dunn E L 1983 Water use and salt balance in three salt marsh succulents. Am. J. Bot. 70, 561–567.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ashby W C and Beadle N C W 1957 Studies in halophytes. III. Salinity factors in the growth of Australian salt bushes. Ecology 38, 344–352.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Atkinson M R, Findlay G P, Hope A B, Pitman M G, Saddler H D W and West K R 1967 Salt regulation in the mangroves Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and Aegilitis annulata R.B1. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 20, 589–599.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Baumeister W and Schmidt L 1962 Uber der Rolle des Natriums im Pflanzlichen Stoffwechsel. Flora 152, 24–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Black R F 1956 Effect of NaCl in water culture on the ion uptake and growth of Atriplex hastata L. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 9, 67–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Clarke L D and Hannon N J 1969 The mangrove swamp and salt marsh communities of the Sydney district. II. The holocoenotic complex with particular reference to physiography. J. Ecol. 57, 213–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Clipson N J C 1984 Salt tolerance in the halophyte Suaeda maritima D.Phil.Thesis, University of Sussex.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cooper A 1982 The effects of salinity and water logging on the growth and cation uptake of salt marsh plants. New Phytol. 90, 263–275.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cram W J 1980 Chloride accumulation as a homeostatic system: negative feedback signals for concentration and turgor maintenance differ in a glycophyte and a halophyte. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 7, 237–249.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Critchley C 1982 Stimulation of photo synthetic electron transport in a salt-tolerant plant by high chloride concentrations. Nature London 298, 483–484.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Dahesh K 1977 Aspects of the physiology of Salicornia spp. D.Phil. Thesis, University of Sussex.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Downton W J S 1982 Growth and osmotic relations of the mangrove Avicennia marina as influenced by salinity. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 9, 519–528.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Downton W J S and Torokfolvy E 1975 Effect of sodium chloride on the photosynthesis of Aeluropus litoralis, a halophytic grass. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 75, 143–150.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Flowers T J 1975 Halophytes. In Ion Transport in Plant Cells and Tissues. Eds. D A Baker and J L Hall, pp 309–334. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Flowers T J, Troke P F and Yeo A R 1977 The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 28, 89–121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Flowers T J and Läuchli A 1983 Sodium versus potassium: substitution and compartmentation. In Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology New Series, vol 15 Inorganic Plant Nutrition. Eds. A Läuchli and R L Bieleski. pp 651–681. Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gale T and Poljakoff-Mayber A 1970 Interrelations between growth and photosynthesis of salt bush (Atriplex halimus L.) grown in saline media. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 23, 937–945.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gorham J, Hughes L L and Wyn Jones R G 1980 Chemical composition of salt-marsh plants from Ynys Mon (Anglesey): the concept of physio types. Plant Cell Environ. 3, 309–318.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gorham J and Wyn Jones R G 1983 Solute distribution in Suaeda maritima. Planta Berlin 157, 344–349.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Greenway H 1968 Growth stimulation by high chloride concentrations in halophytes. Isr. J. Bot. 17, 169–177.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Greenway H and Munns R 1983 Interactions between growth, uptake of Cl− and Na+, and water relations of plants in saline environments. II. Highly vacuolated cells. Plant Cell Environ. 6, 575–589.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hajibagheri M A 1983 Physiological and ultrastructural aspects of salt-tolerance in the halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) Dum. D.Phil.Thesis, University of Sussex.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hajibagheri M A, Hall J L and Flowers T J 1983 The structure of the cuticle in relation to cuticular transpiration in leaves of the halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) Dum. New Phytol. 94, 125–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Hajibagheri M A, Harvey D M R and Flowers T J 1984 Photosynthetic oxygen evolution in relation to ion contents in the chloroplasts of Suaeda maritima. Plant Sci. Lett. 34, 353–362.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hansen D J, Dayanandar P, Kaufman P B and Brotherson J D 1976 Ecological adaptations of salt marsh grass, Distichlis spicata (Gramineae), and environmental factors affecting its growth and distribution. Am. J. Bot. 63, 635–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Harvey D M R, Hall J L, Flowers T J and Kent B 1982 Quantitative ion localization wtihin Suaeda maritima leaf mesophyll cells. Planta Berlin 151, 555–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Harvey H W 1966 The Chemistry and Fertility of Sea Waters. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Hunt R 1978 Plant Growth Analysis. Arnold, London.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Jefferies R L 1977 Growth responses of coastal halophytes to inorganic nitrogen. J. Ecol. 65, 847–865.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Jeffries R L, Jensen A and Bazoly D 1983 The biology of the annual Salicornia europaea agg. at the limits of its range in Hudson Bay. Can. J. Bot. 61, 762–773.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Kemp P R and Cunningham G L 1981 Light, temperature and salinity effects on growth, leaf anatomy and photosynthesis of Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene. Am. J. Bot. 68, 507–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Malcolm C V 1969 Use of halophytes for forage production on saline wasteland. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 35, 38–49.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Munns R Greenway, H and Kirst G O 1983 Halotolerant eukaryotes. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology New Series, Volume 12C. Physiological Plant Ecology III. Eds. O L Lange, P S Nobel, C B Osmond and H Ziegler. pp 59–135. Springer Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Neales T F and Sharkey P J 1981 Effect of salinity on growth and on mineral and organic constituents of the halophyte Disphyma australe (Soland) J M Black. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 8, 165–179.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Nobel P S 1983 Biophysical Plant Physiology and Ecology, p. 86, W H Freeman. San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Ownbey R S and Mahall B E 1983 Salinity and root conductivity: differential response of a coastal succulent halophyte, Salicornia virginica, and a weedy glycophyte Raphanus sativus. Physiol. Plant. 57, 189–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Pitman M G 1975 Whole Plants. In Ion Transport in Plant Cells and Tissues. Eds. D A Baker and J L Hall, pp 267–308. North Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Pitman M G 1982 Transport across plant roots. Q. Rev. Biophys. 15, 481–554.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Rozema H, Gude H, Bijl F and Wesselman H 1981 Sodium concentrations in xylem sap in relation to ion exclusion, accumulation and secretion in halophytes. Acta. Bot. Neerl. 30, 309–311.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Scholander P F, Bradstreat E D, Hammel H T and Hemmingsen E A 1966 Sap concen¬trations in halophytes and some other plants. Plant Physiol. 41, 529–532.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Siadat-Pour A 1978 Physiological studies on Suaeda maritima (L.) Dum. D. Phil. Thesis, University of Sussex.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Stewart G R, Larher F, Ahmad I and Lee J A 1977 Nitrogen metabolism and salt-tolerance in higher plant halophytes. In Ecological Processes in Coastal Environments. Eds. R L Jefferies and A J Davy. pp. 211–227. Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  45. St. Omer L and Schlesinger W H 1980 Regulation of NaCl in Jaumea carnosa (Asteraceae), a salt marsh species, and its effect on leaf succulence. Am. J. Bot. 67, 1448–1454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Storey R and Wyn Jones R G 1977 Quaternary ammonium compounds in plants in relation to salt resistance. Phytochemistry 16, 447–453.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Storey R and Wyn Jones R G 1979 Responses of Atriplex spongiosa and Suaeda monoica to salinity. Plant Physiol. 63, 156–162.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Tomos A D and Wyn Jones R G 1982 Water relations in the epidermal cell of the halophyte Suaeda maritima. In Biophysics of Water. Eds. F Franks and S Mathias. pp 327–331. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Waisel Y 1972 Biology of Halophytes. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Wiebe H H 1966 Matric potential of several plant tissues and biocolloids. Plant Physiol. 41, 1439–1442.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Wyn Jones R G, Storey R, Leigh A, Ahmad N and Pollard A 1977. A hypothesis on cyto-plasmic osmoregulation. In Regulation of Cell Membrane Activities in Plants. Eds. E Marré and O Ciferri. pp 121–136, Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Wyn Jones R G, Brady C J and Speirs J 1979 Ionic and osmotic relations in plant cells. In Recent Advances in the Biochemistry of the Cereals. Eds. D L Laidman and R G Wyn Jones, pp 63–103, Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  53. von Willert, D J 1974 Einfluss von NaCl und Blattalter auf die CO2 -Dunkelfixierung bei Halophyten - Vergleichende Untersuchung bei Mesembryanthemum crystallinum und Atriplex spongiosa. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 72, 64–74.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Yeo A R 1974 Salt tolerance in the halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) Dum. D.Phil. Thesis, University of Sussex.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Yeo AR 1981 Salt tolerance in the halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) Dum: intracellular compartmentation of ions. J. Exp. Bot. 32, 487–497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Yeo A R 1983 Salinity resistance: physiologies and prices. Physiol. Plant. 58, 214–222.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Zimmermann M H 1983 Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap. Springer-Verlag. Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Zimmerman U 1977 Cell turgor pressure regulation and turgor pressure mediated transport processes. In Integration of Activity in the Higher Plant. Ed. D H Jennings. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol, pp 117–154 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK

    T. J. Flowers

Authors
  1. T. J. Flowers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Institutes for Applied Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 1025, Beer-Sheva, 84110, Israel

    Dov Pasternak

  2. Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA

    Anthony San Pietro

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Flowers, T.J. (1985). Physiology of halophytes. In: Pasternak, D., San Pietro, A. (eds) Biosalinity in Action: Bioproduction with Saline Water. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 17. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5111-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5111-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8759-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-5111-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation