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Soil Organic Matter and Biological Activity pp 223–262Cite as

The Soil Biomass

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Part of the book series: Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences ((DPSS,volume 16))

Abstract

The role of the microbial biomass in the transformation of organic matter in soil is a crucial one and the rates of turnover and mineralization of organic substrates are largely governed by the activity of the soil biomass. Inhibition of microbial activity by a low or high temperature, drought, waterlogging, extremes of pH or xenobiotic substances may result in the persistence in soil of potentially decomposable and mineralizable compounds with subsequent effects on fertility, nutrient cycling and soil structure. The microbial biomass is itself part of the soil organic matter, typically about two percent of the total organic C110 and is defined as the living microbial component of the soil and includes bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, protozoa, algae and microfauna. Usually, plant roots and fauna larger than 5x103 μm3, such as earthworms, are not included. For the purpose of this chapter, the biomass will be considered as an undifferentiated whole, usually expressed quantitatively as biomass-C., cell biomass or biovolume (μm3). However, the activities of various components of the biomass — protozoa, nematodes, etc. — have been included where this seems appropriate.

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Sparling, G.P. (1985). The Soil Biomass. In: Vaughan, D., Malcolm, R.E. (eds) Soil Organic Matter and Biological Activity. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 16. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5105-1_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5105-1_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8757-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-5105-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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