Abstract
Since its emergence in the early 1970’s, implementation research has gone through an intellectual life cycle which seems uncomfortably familiar. Pioneering efforts blazed a trail to fields of burgeoning research activities. Schools of thought started to form around points of controversy which were made easily visible through conspicuous tags such as “up/down”, “inter/intra”, “formal /informal”. Genuinely original scholarships thrived alongside fairly repetitious and eclectic studies. We how seem to face a situation where implementation research is well and alive but where it might also run the risk of becoming the victim of its own success. True enough most of the original societal impetus for this type of inquiry is still there. Even in the age of large budgetary deficits and slow growth economies public programs are as big as ever, and politicians face as substantial problems now as they did ten years ago in translating policy commitments and societal aspirations into real world effects. Of course there is wide-spread disillusionment after a decade and a half of extensive exercises in knowledge utilization for public policy. But little or nothing suggests that politicians should be less prone to draw upon whatever policy relevant studies they might feel are of use to them in political and administrative battles or that social scientists now should be more inclined than in the early 1970’s to withdraw into adademic ivory towers.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Barrett, S. and C. Fudge, (eds.), (1981), Pol icy and Action: Essays on the Implementation of Public Policy. London and New York: Methuen.
Benson, K.J., (1982), “A Framework for Policy Analysis”, in David Rogers et. al., (eds.), Interorganizationa1 Coordination. Ames: Iowa State University Press, p. 137–176.
Berman, P., (1930), “Thinking about Programmed and Adaptive Implementation: Matching Strategies to Situations”, in Helen Ingram and Dean Mann, (eds.), Why Policies Succeed or Fail. Beverley Hills, CA. and London: Sage Publicat ions, p. 205–227.
Brewer, G. and P. deLeon, (1983), The Foundations of Policy Analysis. Homewood, 111: The Dorsey Press.
Brunner, R.D., (1983), “The Pol icy Sciences as Science”, Policy Sciences, 15: 115–135.
Burns, T.R. et. al., (eds.), (1984), Man, Decisions and Society. New York and London: Gordon and Breach.
deLeon, P., (1981), “Policy Sciences: The Discipline and the Profession”, Policy Sciences, 13: 1–7.
Dror, Y., (1971), Design for Policy Sciences. New York: American Elsevier.
Dror, Y., (1979), “From Management Sciences to Policy Sciences”, in Christopher Pollitt et. al., (eds.), Public Policy in Theory and Practive. Sevenoaks, Kent: Hodder and Stoughton, p. 270–291.
Dror, Y., (1983), “Governance Redesign, for Handling the Future”, in William Page (ed.), The Future of Politics. London: Frances Pinter, p. 14–32.
Elmore. R.F., (1980), “Backward Mapping: Implementation Research and Policy Dedisions”, Politica1 Science Quarterly, 94: 601–616.
Gustafsson, G., (1983), “Symbolic and Pseudo Policies as Responses to Diffusion of Power”, Policy Sciences, 15: 269–287.
Hall, P., (1930), Great Planning Disasters. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.
Hanf, K. and F.W. Soharpf, (eds.), (1978), Interorganizatiönal Policy Making: Limits to Coordination and Central Control. Beverley Hills, CA, and London: Sage Publications.
Hedberg, B., (1981), “How Organizations Learn and Unlearn”, in Paul C. Nystrom and William H. Starbuck, (eds.), Handbook Organizational Design, Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 3–27.
Hjern, B. and D.O. Porter, (1981), “Implementation Structures: A New Unit of Administrative Analysis”, Organization Studies, 2: 211–227.
Jessop, B., (1978), “Capitalism and Democracy: The Best Possible Shell?” in Gary Littlejohn et. al., (eds.). Power and the State. London: Croom Helm, p. 10–51.
Kiser, L.K. and E. Ostrom, (1982), “The Three Worlds of Action: A Metatheoretical Synthesis of Institutional Approaches”, in Elinor Ostrom, (ed.), Strategies of Political Inquiry. Beverley Hills, CA, and London: Sage Publications, p. 179–222.
Majone, G. and A. Wildävsky, (1973), “Implementation as Evolution” in Howard E. Freeman, (ed.), Policy Studies RevJew Annual, Vol. 2. Beverley Hills, CA, and London: Sage Publications, p. 103–117.
Lasswell, H.D., (1951), “The Policy Orientation”, in Harold D. Lasswell and Daniel Lerner, (eds.), The Policy Sciences: Recent Developments in Scope and Method. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, p. 3–15.
Lasswell, H.D., (1971), A Pre-view of Policy Sciences. New York: American Elsevier.
Lundgren, L., (1980), Energipolitiki Sverige, 1890–1975. Stockholm: Secretariat for Futures Studies.
Lundgren, L., (1982), Torv, kol och.ol.ja: Antechningar om svensk energipolitik, 1890–1928. Stockholm: Group for the Study of Higher Education and Research Policy, University of Stockholm, Working Paper, No. 6.
Mayntz, R., (1982), “Problemverarbeitung durch, das politisch-administrative System: Zum Stand der Forschung”, Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 23: 74–89.
Offe, C., (1983), “Competitive Party Democracy and the Keynesian Weifare State: Factors of Stability and Disorganization”, Policy Sciences, 15: 225–246.
Olsen, J.P., (1981), “Integrated Organizational Participation in Government”, in Nystrom and Starbuck., (eds.), op. cit., Vol, 2, p. 492–516.
Scharpf, F.W., (1983), Economic and Institutional Constraints of Full-Employment Strategies: Sweden, Austria and West Germany (1973–1982).. Berlin: International Institute of Management, Discussion Papers, IIM/LMP 83–20.
Wittrock, B., (1983), “Governance in Crisis and Withering of the Welfare State: The Legacy of the Policy Sciences”, Policy Sciences, 15: 195–203.
Wittrock, B. and S. Lindström, (1982), Policy-Making and Policy- Breaking: Crisis, Technology and Energy Transition. Stockholm: Group for the Study of Higher Education and Research Policy, University of Stockholm, Research Report, No. 23.
Wittrock, B., Lindström, S., and K. Zetterberg, (1982), “Implementation Beyond Hierarchy: Swedish Energy Research Policy”, European Journal of Political Research, 10: 131–143.
Wollmann, H., (1933), “‘Entbürokratisierung’ durch ‘Implementation von unten’ - Handlungsreserve sozialstaatlicher Verwaltungspolitik?” in Rüdiger Voigt, (Hrsg.), Gegentendenzen zur Verrechtlichung ( Jahrbuch für Rechtssoziologie und Rechtstheorie IX ), Opladen, p. 242–262.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wittrock, B. (1985). Beyond Organizational Design: Contextuality and the Political Theory of Public Policy. In: Hanf, K., Toonen, T.A.J. (eds) Policy Implementation in Federal and Unitary Systems. NATO ASI Series, vol 23. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5089-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5089-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8750-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-5089-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive