Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Fractography of Environmentally Assisted Cracking

  • Conference paper
Time-Dependent Fracture

  • 160 Accesses

Abstract

Some of the fractographic aspects of environmentally assisted cracking are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the fractography of transgranular stress corrosion cracking and of corrosion-fatigue in dual or multiphase materials. The strong similarity between the fractography of transgranular stress corrosion cracking, cleavage produced by hydrogen embrittlement, cyclic cleavage and cracking produced near the fatigue threshold indicates that all these types of cracking occur by a discontinuous cleavage mechanism. Corrosion-fatigue or stress corrosion cracking can give rise in engineering materials to a microscopic crack front that leads the macroscopic front in one phase or along a microstructural feature and which results in considerably accelerated crack growth.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Russell, A.J. and Tromans, D. A Fracture Mechanics Study of Stress-Corrosion Cracking in Type-316 Austenitic Steel. Metallurgical Transactions 10A (1979) 1229–1238.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Dickson, J.I., Russell, A.J. and Tromans, D. Stress Corrosion Crack Propagation in Annealed and Cold Worked 310 and 316 Austenitic Stainless Steels in Boiling (154°C) Aqueous MgC12 Solution. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 19 (1980) 161–167.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Beachem, C.D. A New Model for Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking (Hydrogen “Embrittlement”). Metallurgical Transactions 3 (1972) 437–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bursle, A.J. and Pugh, E.N. An Evaluation of Current Model for the Propagation of Stress-Corrosion Cracks. Environment-Sensitive Fracture of Engineering Materials ( New York, AIME, 1979 ) pp 18–47.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Vermilyea, D.A. Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Iron and Nickel Base Alloys in Sulfate Solutions at 289°C. Corrosion 29 (1973) 442–448.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Craig, B.D. and Krauss, G. The Structure of Tempered Martensite and Its Susceptibility to Hydrogen Stress Cracking. Metallurgical Transactions 11A (1980) 1799–1808.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bursle, A.J. and Pugh, E.N. On The Mechanism of Transgranular Stress-Corrosion Cracking. Mechanisms of Environment Sensitive Cracking of Materials. ( London, The Metals Society, 1977 ) 471.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kermani, M. and Scully, J.C. Fractographic Aspects of the Stress Corrosion Cracking of α-Brass in 15N Ammonia Solutions. Corrosion Science 19 (1979) 489–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Mukai, Y., Watanabe, M. and Murata, M. Fractographic Observations of Stress Corrosion Cracking of AISI 304 Stainless Steel in Boiling 42 Percent Magnesium-Chloride Solution. Fractography in Failure Analysis. ASTM-STP 645 ( Philadelphia, ASTM, 1978 ) pp 164–175.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Dickson, J.I., Groulx, D. and Tromans, D. Fractography of SCC of 310 Stainless Steel: Influence of K. To be published.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Scamans, G.M. and Swann, P.R., High Voltage Electron Metallography of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steels. Corrosion Science 18 (1978) 983–995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Dickson, J.I., Geckinli, E. and Uribe-Perez, I. Fractographic Aspects of Cyclic Cleavage. Materials Science and Engineering 60 1983 ) 231–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Dickson, J.I., Lincourt, C., Haenny, L. and Baïlon, J.P. The Fatigue Crack Propagation of a Mild Steel Below the Ductile-Brittle Transition Temperature, presented at CFC9 Montreal 1983, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hanninen, H. and Hakkarainen, T. Fractographic Characteristics of a Hydrogen-Charged AISI 316 Type Austenitic Stainless Steel. Metallurgical Transactions 10A (1979) 1196–1199.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Nakasato, F. and Bernstein, I.M. Crystallographic and Fractographic Studies of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking in Purified Iron and Iron-Silicon Alloys. Metallurgical Transactions 9 (1978) 1317 - 1326.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bégin, R., Vandenbroucke, J. and Dickson, J.I., unpublished research, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Aitchison, I. and Cox, B. Interpretation of Fractographs of SCC in Hexagonal Metals. Corrosion 28 (1972) 83–87.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Dickson, J.I. and Tromans, D., unpublished research.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Martin, P., Dickson, J.I. and Baïlon, J.P., unpublished research, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Dickson, J.I., Ballon, J.P. and Masounave, J. A Review on the Threshold Stress Intensity Range for Fatigue Crack Propagation. Canadian Metall all urgical Quarterly 20 (1981) 317–329.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Baïlon, J.P., Chappuis, P., Masounave, J. and Dickson, J.I. Fractographic Aspects of the Threshold in Several Alloys. Fatigue Thresholds: Fundamentals and Engineering Applications ( London, Engineering Materials Advisory Services 1982 ) 277–291.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Baïlon, J.P., El Boujdaini, M. and Dickson, J.I. Environmental Effect on △Kth in 70-30 α-Brass and 2024-T3. TMS- AIME Symposium: Fatigue Crack Growth Threshold Concepts, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ait Bassidi, M., Dickson, J.I., Baïlon, J.P. and Masounave, J. The △Kth Behaviour of Three Stainless Steels in Different Environments, ICF6 Proceedings, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lindigkeit, J., Terlinde, G., Gysier, A. and Lütjering, G. The Effect of Grain Size on the Fatigue Crack Propagation Behaviour of Age-Hardened Alloys in Inert and Corrosive Environment. Acta Metallurgica 27 (1979) 1717–1726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Beevers, C.J. Fatigue Crack Growth Characteristics at Low Stress Intensities of Metals and Alloys. Metal Science 11 (1977) 362–367.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Dickson, J.I., Handfield, L. and Baïlon, J.P., unpublished research, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Marchand, N. Fatigue oligocyclique et fatigue-propagation du cuivre et laiton-alpha. M. A. Sc. Thesis. Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Boisson, P., Petit, J. and Gase, C. Étude comparative de la vitesse de propagation de fissures de fatigue à l’air et sous vide dans les alliages légers à haute résistance. Mémoire Scientifique de la Revue de Métallurgie 74 (1977) 427–437.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Stubbington, C.A. Some Observations on Air and Corrosion- Fatigue of an Aluminium — 7.5% Zinc — 2.5% Magnesium Alloy. Metallurgia 68 (1963) 109–121.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ait Bassidi, M., Masounave, J., Baïlon, J.P. and Dickson, J.I. Fractographic Study of Corrosion-Fatigue Crack Propagation in a Duplex Stainless Steel. Defects, Fracture and Fatigue ( The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff 1983, 195–208 ).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ait Bassidi, M., Masounave, J., Dickson, J.I. and Baïlon, J.P. Fatigue-corrosion de l’acier austéno-ferritique KCR 171 dans Veau blanche. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Ait Bassidi, M., Masounave, J. and Dickson, J.I. Corrosion-Fatigue Behaviour of Three Stainless Steels, presented at CFC9 Montreal, 1983, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Speidel, M.O. Influence of Environment on Fracture. Advances in Fracture Research ( Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1982 ) 2685–2704.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Simmons, G.W., Pao, P.S. and Wei, R.P. Fracture Mechanics and Surface Chemistry Studies of Subcritical Crack Growth in AIS I 4340 Steel. Metallurgical Transactions 9A (1978) 1147–1158.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Dickson, J.I., Handfield, L., Baïlon, J.P. and Sahoo, M. The Fatigue and Corrosion-Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour of a Mn-Ni-Al Bronze. Proceedings of Fatigue 84, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kim, Y.H. and Morris, Jr., J.W. The Nature of Quasicleavage Fracture in Tempered 5.5 Ni Steel After Hydrogen Charging, Metallurgical Transactions 14A (1983) 1883–1888.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Caskey, Jr., C.A. Hydrogen-Induced Brittle Fracture of Type 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel. Fractography and Materials Science, ASTM STP 773 ( Philadelphia, ASTM 1981 ) 86–97.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Gangloff, R.P. and Wei, R.P. Fractographic Analysis of Gaseous Hydrogen Induced Cracking in 18 Ni Maraging Steel. Fractography in Failure Analysis ASTM 645. ( Philadelphia. ASTM, 1978 ) 87–106.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  39. Bernstein, I.M., Garber, R. and Pressouyre, G.M. Effect of Dissolved Hydrogen on Mechanical Behaviour of Metals. Effect of Hydrogen on Behaviour of Materials ( New York, TMS-AIME, 1976 ) 37–57.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Delebecq, J., Poudou, P., Ayel, J. and Pluvinage, G. Fatigue in a Lubricant Environment, presented at CFC9, Montreal 1983, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE, H3C 3A7, Montréal, Quebec, Canada

    J. I. Dickson & J. P. Baïlon

Authors
  1. J. I. Dickson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. P. Baïlon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Univeristy of Ottawa, Canada

    A. S. Krausz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publisher, Dordrecht

About this paper

Cite this paper

Dickson, J.I., Baïlon, J.P. (1985). The Fractography of Environmentally Assisted Cracking. In: Krausz, A.S. (eds) Time-Dependent Fracture. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5085-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5085-6_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8748-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-5085-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation