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Molecular and Cellular Signalling and Embryo Survival

  • Chapter
Embryonic Mortality in Farm Animals

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science ((CTVM,volume 34))

Abstract

Bi-directional signals are transferred between embryo and mother during the time when embryo loss is high. The identity and function of embryonic signals differs in various farm animals. Oestrogens and/or proteins produced by the pre-implantation blastocyst play an important part in the prolongation of the life-span and function of the corpus luteum. Early pregnancy factor is first detected when embryos are in the oviduct, but its physiological role is uncertain. Binucleate cells differentiate in trophectoderm just prior to the onset of implantation and are directly involved in nidation and subsequent formation of the definitive placenta. In addition to these aspects of embryo and trophoblast development, progesterone is an indispensible signal from the mother and a recent study in mice shows that the physiological effects of progesterone depletion are first reflected in the arrest of embryo development during tubal life with subsequent embryo loss. Oxytocin of ovarian origin is involved in luteal regression, whereas maintenance of the corpus luteum is associated with the cessation of luteal oxytocin secretion, a loss of endometrial oxytocin receptors and a reduction in the pulsatile secretion of prostaglandin F-2α by the gravid uterus. It is suspected, but not yet proved in every instance, that failure to produce these bi-directional signals in sufficient quantity and at the right time may be one of the underlying causes of early embryonic mortality in farm animals.

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  1. Agricultural and Food Research Council, Institute of Animal Physiology, Babraham, Cambridge, CB2 4AT, UK

    R. B. Heap, V. Rider, F. B. P. Wooding & A. P. F. Flint

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  2. V. Rider
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  3. F. B. P. Wooding
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  4. A. P. F. Flint
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  1. Western Research Centre, The Agricultural Institute, Belclare, Tuan, Eire

    J. M. Sreenan  & M. G. Diskin  & 

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Heap, R.B., Rider, V., Wooding, F.B.P., Flint, A.P.F. (1986). Molecular and Cellular Signalling and Embryo Survival. In: Sreenan, J.M., Diskin, M.G. (eds) Embryonic Mortality in Farm Animals. Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, vol 34. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5038-2_4

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