Abstract
During the last three-quarters of this century we have all been imprinted with the truism that normal blood pH is 7.4. We were never told why this particular value was important, and one accepted the fact that somehow this was ’ordained by nature.’ Nevertheless, it has served us well, in fact so well that one could easily accept the premise that our respiratory center is a pH-stat responsible for maintaining the appropriate blood reaction. It also led others to conveniently refer to a pH of 7.4 as neutral pH and values below or above as acidosis and alkalosis even though, since the times of Claude Bernard, we have known that normal blood is always on the alkaline side of chemical neutrality.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
General reviews of in vivo models
Cohen JJ, Kassirer JP: Comparative acid-base physiology. In: Acid/Base, Little Brown, Boston, Cohen JJ, Kassirer JP (eds). 1982: 465–480.
Jackson DC: Strategies of blood acid-base control in ectothermic vertebrates. In: A Companion to Animal Physiology, Taylor CR, Johansen K, Bolis L (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982: 73–90.
Malan A. Respiration and acid-base state in hibernation. In: Hibernation and Torpor in Mammals and Birds, Lyman CP, Willis JS, Malan A, Wang LCH (eds). Academic Press, New York, 1982: 237–282.
Rahn H, Reeves BR, Howell BJ: Hydrogen ion regulation, temperature and evolution. Am Rev Respir Dis 112: 165–172, 1975.
Rahn H, Reeves RB, Hydrogen ion regulation during hypothermia: from the Amazon to the Operating Room. In: Applied Physiology in Clinical Respiratory Care, Prakash O (ed). Martinus Nijhoff Publ., The Hague, 1982: 1–15.
Reeves RB: The interaction of body temperature and acid-base balance in ectothermic vertebrates. Ann Rev Physiol 39: 559–586, 1977.
Reeves RB, Rahn H: Patterns in vertebrate acid-base regulation. In: Evolution of Respiratory Processes: A Comparative Approach, Wood S, Lenfant C (eds). Marcel Dekker, New York, 1979: 225–252.
Swan H: The hydroxy 1-hydrogen ion concentration ratio during hypothermia. Surg Gynecol Obstet 155: 897–912, 1982.
Truchot JP: L’equilibre acido-basique extracellulaire et sa regulation dans les divers groupes animaux. J Physiol Paris 77: 529–580, 1981.
White FN: A comparative physiological approach to hypothermia — Editorial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 82: 821–831, 1981.
White FN, Somero G: Acid-base regulation and phospholipid adaptation to temperature: time courses and physiological significance of modifying the milieu for protein function. Physiol Rev 62: 40–90, 1982.
References
Severinghaus JW: Respiration and hypothermia. Ann New York Acad Sci 80: 384–394, 1959.
Severinghaus JW, Larson EP Jr: Respiration in Anesthesia. In: Handbook of Respiration, Vol. 2, Fenn WO, Rahn H (eds). Am Physiol Soc Washington, 1965: 1219–1257.
Albers C: Die ventilatorische Kontrolle der Saiire-Basen-Gleichgewicht in Hypothermic. Ana- esthesist 11: 43–51, 1962.
Ream AK, Reitz BA, Silverberg G: Temperature correction of PC02 and pH in estimating acid- base status. Anesthesiol 56: 41–44, 1982.
Williams JJ, Marshall BE: A fresh look at an old question. Anesthesiol 56: 1–2, 1982.
Reeves RB: An imidazole alphastat hypothesis for vertebrate acid-base regulation. Respir Physiol 14: 219–236, 1972.
Rahn H: Gas transport from the external environment to the cell. In: Development of the Lung, deReuck AVS, Porter R. (eds). Ciba Foundation Symposium. J and A Churchill, London, 1967: 3–23.
Rahn H, Howell BJ: The OH/H+ concept of acid-base balance: Historical development. Respir Physiol 33: 91–97, 1978.
Moore B: The cause of the exquisite sensitivity of living cells to changes in hydrogen and hydroxyl-ion concentration. J Physiol (London) 53:LVII-LVIII, 1919.
Austin JH, Cullen GE: Hydrogen ion concentration of the blood in health and disease. Medicine 4: 275–343, 1925.
Austin JH, Sunderman FW, Camack JG: Studies in serum electrolytes. II. The electrolyte composition and the pH of serum of a poikilothermous animal at different temperatures. J Biol Chem 72: 677–685, 1927.
Winterstein H: Der Einfluss der Korpertemperatur auf das Saiire-Basen-Gleichgewicht in Blut. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 223: 1–18, 1954.
Robin ED: Relationship between temperature and plasma pH and carbon dioxide tension in the turtle. Nature (London) 195: 249–251, 1962.
Howell BJ, Baumgardner FW, Bondi K, Rahn H: Acid-base balance in cold-blooded vertebrates as a function of body temperature. Am J Physiol 218: 600 - 606, 1970.
Howell BJ, Rahn H: Regulation of acid-base balance in reptiles. In: Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 5, Gans C, Dawson WR (eds). Academic Press, London, 1976: 335–363.
Reeves RB: The interaction of body temperature and acid-base balance in ectothermic vertebrates. Ann Rev Physiol 39: 559–586, 1977.
Reeves RB, Rahn H: Patterns in vertebrate acid-base regulation. In: Evolution of respiratory processes: A Comparative Approach, Wood S, Lenfant C (eds). Marcel Dekker, New York, 1979: 225–252.
Peters JP, Van Slyke DD: Quantitative Clinical Chemistry. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1932: 868.
Malan A, Wilson TL, Reeves RB: Intracellular pH in cold-blooded vertebrates as a function of body temperature. Respir Physiol 28: 29–47, 1976.
Davis BD: On the importance of being ionized. Arch Biochem Biophys 78: 497–509, 1958.
Jackson DC: Strategies of blood acid-base control in ectothermic vertebrates. In: A Companion to Animal Physiology, Taylor CR, Johansen K, Bolis L (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982: 73–90.
Albery WJ, Lloyd BB: Variation of chemical potential with temperature. In: Development of the Lung, deReuck AVS, Porter R (eds). J and A Churchill Ltd, London, 1967: 30–33.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rahn, H. (1985). Introduction. In: Rahn, H., Prakash, O. (eds) Acid-Base Regulation and Body Temperature. Developments in Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5004-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5004-7_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8716-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-5004-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive