Skip to main content

Structure and Characterization of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers

  • Chapter
Recent Advances in Liquid Crystalline Polymers

Abstract

The unique physical and chemical properties of liquid crystalline polymers make them attractive to chemists, physicists, electrical engineers, mechanical engineers and chemical engineers. We have limited ourselves here to a description of thermotropic liquid crystals—those prepared by heating certain polymers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Finkelmann, H., in Polymer Liquid Crystals, Ciferri, A., Krigbaum, W. R., Meyer, R. B. (Eds), Academic Press, New York, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Gemmell, P. A., Gray, G. W., Lacey, D., Polym. Prepr., Am. Che m. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem., 1983, 24(2), 253.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Noël, C., Lauprêtre, F., Friedrich, C., Fayolle, B., Bosio, L., Polymer, 1984, 25, 808.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Grebowicz, J., Wunderlich, B., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 1983, 21, 141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Grebowicz, J., Wunderlich, B., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1981, 76, 287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Griffin, A. C., Havens, S. J., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 1981, 19, 951.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Roviello, A., Sirigu, A., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 1975, 13, 455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Noël, C., Billard, J., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1978, 41, 269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Krigbaum, W. R., Salaris, F., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 1978, 16, 883.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Frosini, V., De Pétris, S., Chiellini, E., Galli, G., Lenz, R. W., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1983, 98, 223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Roviello, A., Sirigu, A., Makromol. Chem., 1982, 183, 409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Meurisse, P., Noël, C., Monnerie, L., Fayolle, B., Brit. Polym. J., 1981, 13, 55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Petrie, S. E. B., in Liquid Crystals, the Fourth State of Matter, Saeva, F. D. (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York and Basle, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Strzelecki, L., Van Luyen, D., Eur. Polym. J., 1980, 16, 299, 303.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Van Luyen, D., Liebert, L., Strzelecki, L., Eur. Polym. J., 1980, 16, 307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ober, C., Jin, J. I., Lenz, R. W., Polymer J., 1982, 14, 9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Krigbaum, W. R., Watanabe, J., Polymer, 1983, 24, 1299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Asrar, J., Toriumi, H., Watanabe, J., Krigbaum, W. R., Ciferri, A., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 1983, 21, 1119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Blumstein, A., Thomas, O., Macromolecules, 1982, 15, 1264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Roviello, A., Sirigu, A., Makromol. Chem., 1982, 183, 895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Griffin, A. C., Britt, T. R., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1983, 92, 149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Strzelecki, L., Liebert, L., Eur. Polym. J., 1981, 17, 1271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Krigbaum, W. R., Asrar, J., Toriumi, H., Ciferri, A., Preston, J., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 1982, 20, 109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Antoun, S., Lenz, R. W., Jin, J. I., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 1981, 19, 1901.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Blumstein, A., Vilasagar, S., Ponrathnam, S., Clough, S. B., Blumstein, R. B., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 1982, 20, 877.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Jin, J. I., Antoun, S., Ober, C., Lenz, R. W., Brit. Polym. J., 1980, 12, 132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Gray, G. W., Winsor, P. A., Liquid Crystals and Plastic Crystals, Vol. 1, Halsted, Chichester, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Millaud, B., Thierry, A., Strazielle, C., Skoulios, A., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1979, 49, 299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Fayolle, B., Noël, C., Billard, J., J. de Physique, 1979, 40, C3-485.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Jo, B. W., Jin, J. I., Lenz, R. W., Eur. Polym. J., 1982, 18, 233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Noël, C., Billard, J., Bosio, L., Friedrich, C., Lauprêtre, F., Strazielle, C., Polymer, 1984, 25, 263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Krigbaum, W. R., Ciferri, A., Asrar, J., Toriumi, H., Preston, J., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1981, 76, 79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Viney, C., Windle, A. H., J. Mater. Sci., 1982, 17, 2661.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Mackley, M. R., Pinaud, F., Siekmann, G., Polymer, 1981, 22, 437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Galli, G.,Chiellini, E., Ober, C. K., Lenz, R. W., Makromol. Chem., 1982, 183, 2693.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kelker, H., Hätz, R., Handbook of Liquid Crystals, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Demus, D., Richter, L., Textures of Liquid Crystals, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  38. iSackmann, H., Demus, D., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1973, 21, 239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Lenz, R. W., Jin, J. I., Macromolecules, 1981, 14, 1405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Talroze, R. V., Kostromin, S. G., Shibaev, V. P., Platé, N. A., Makromol. Chem., Rapid. Commun., 1981, 2, 305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Corazza, P., Sartirana, M. L., Valenti, B., Makromol. Chem., 1982, 183, 2847.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Vilasagar, S., Blumstein, A., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1980, 56, 263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Blumstein, A., Vilasagar, S., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1981, 72, 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Finkelmann, H., KoldehofF,J., Ringsdorf, H., (a) Angew. Chem., 1978, 90, 992;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Finkelmann, H., KoldehofF,J., Ringsdorf, H., (b) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1978, 17, 935.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Finkelmann, H., Rehage, G., Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 1980, 1, 733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Platé, N. A., Shibaev, V. P., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Symp., 1980, 67, 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Shibaev, V. P., Finkelmann, H., Kharitonov, A. V., Portugall, M., Platé, N. A., Ringsdorf, H., Polym. Sci. USSR, 1981, 23, 1029.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Finkelmann, H., Rehage, G., Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 1982, 3, 859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Chiellini, E., Galli, G., Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 1983, 4, 285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Krigbaum, W. R., Ishikawa, T., Watanabe, J., Toriumi, H., Kubota, K., Preston, J., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 1983, 21, 1851.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Noël, C., Meurisse, P., Friedrich, C., Bosio, L., to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Hahn, B., Wendorff, J. H., Portugall, M., Ringsdorf, H., Colloid Polym. Sci., 1981, 259, 875.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Shibaev, V. P., Kostromin, S. G., Platé, N. A., Eur. Polym. J., 1982, 18, 651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Kostromin, S. G., Sinitzyn, V. V., Talroze, R. V., Shibaev, V. P., Platé, N. A., Makromol. Chem., Rapid. Commun., 1982, 3, 809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Ober, C. K., Jin, J. I., Lenz, R. W., Makromol. Chem., Rapid. Commun., 1983, 4, 49.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Bosio, L., Fayolle, B., Friedrich, C., Lauprêtre, F., Meurisse, P., Noël,C., Virlet, J., in Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids, Vol. 4, Griffin, A. and Johnson, J. F. (Eds), Plenum Press, New York, 1984, p. 401.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Noël, C., Friedrich, C., Bosio, L., Strazielle, C., Polymer, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Kofler, L., Kofler, A., Thermomikromethoden, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Millaud, B., Thierry, A., Skoulios, A., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1978, 41, 263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Griffin, A. C., Havens, S. J., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett., 1980, 18, 259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Griffin, A. C., Havens, S. J., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1979, 49, 239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Schroeder, I., Z. Phys. Chem., 1893, 11, 449.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Van Laar, J. J., Z. Phys. Chem., 1908, 63, 216.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Billard, J., Blumstein, A., Vilasagar, S., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1982, 72, 163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Krigbaum, W. R., Watanabe, J., Ishikawa, T., Macromolecules, 1983, 16, 1271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Nyitrai, K., Cser, F., Lengyel, M., Seyfried, E., Hardy, Gy., Eur. Polym. J., 1977, 13, 673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Cser, F., Nyitrai, K., Hardy, G., Menczel, J., Varga, J., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Symp., 1981, 69, 91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Ringsdorf, H., Schmidt, H. W., Schneller, A., Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 1982, 3, 745.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Finkelmann, H., Kock, H. J., Rehage, G., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1982, 89, 23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Casagrande, C., Veyssié, M., Finkelmann, H., J. Phys. Lett., 1982, 43, L-675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Guyon, E., Urbach, W., 4BBC Symp. Nomen. EL Disp., Kmetz and Von Willisen (Eds), Plenum Press, New York, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Meyer, R. B., in Polymer Liquid Crystals, Ciferri, A., Krigbaum, W. R., Meyer, R. B. (Eds), Academic Press, New York, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Krigbaum, W. R., in Polymer Liquid Crystals, Ciferri, A., Krigbaum, W. R., Meyer, R. B. (Eds), Academic Press, New York, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Finkelmann, H., in Liquid Crystals of One— and Two-dimensional Order, Helfrich, W., Heppke, G. (Eds), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Kléman, M., Liebert, L., Strzelecki, L., Polymer, 1983, 24, 295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Mauguin, C., Bull. Soc. Fr. Min., 1911, 34, 71.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Casagrande, C., Veyssié, M., Weill, C. and Finkelmann, H., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1983, 92, 49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Krigbaum, W. R., Lader, H. J., Ciferri, A., Macromolecules, 1980, 13, 554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Krigbaum, W. R., Grantham, C. E., Toriumi, H., Macromolecules, 1982, 15, 592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Noël, C., Monnerie, L., Achard, M. F., Hardouin, F., Sigaud, G., Gasparoux, H., Polymer, 1981, 22, 578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Hardouin, F., Achard, M. F., Gasparoux, H., Liebert, L., Strzelecki, L., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 1982, 20, 975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Liebert, L., Strzelecki, L., Van Luyen, D., Levelut, A. M., Eur. Polym. J., 1981, 17, 71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Martins, A. F., Ferreira, J. B., Volino, F., Blumstein, A., Blumstein, R. B., Macromolecules, 1983, 16, 279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Maret, G., Blumstein, A., Vilasagar, S., Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem., 1981, 22, 246.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Maret, G., Blumstein, A., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1982, 88, 295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Fabre, P., Casagrande, C., Veyessié, M., Finkelmann, H., in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Zheng-Min Sun, Kleman, M., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Achard, M. F., Sigaud, G., Hardouin, F., Weill, C., Finkelmann, H., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1983, 92, 111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Sigaud, G., Yoon Do, Y., Griffin, A. C., Macromolecules, 1983, 16, 875.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Finkelmann, H., Benthaek, H., Rehage, G., J. de Chimie Phys., 1983, 80, 163.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Volino, F., Martins, A. F., Blumstein, R. B., Blumstein, A., C.R. Acad. Sci., 1981, 292, 11-829;

    Google Scholar 

  93. Volino, F., Martins, A. F., Blumstein, R. B., Blumstein, J. Phys. (Lett.) Paris, 1981, 42, L-305.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Volino, F., Blumstein, R. B., 4th Winter Conference on Liquid Crystals of Low-Dimensional Order and Their Applications, Bovec, 26-30 March 1984, Mol. Cry st. Liq. Cry St., to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Blumstein, R. B., Stickles, M. E., Gauthier, M. M., Blumstein, A., Volino, F., Macromolecules, 1984, 17, 177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Mueller, K., Hisgen, B., Ringsdorf, H., Lenz, R. W., Kothe, G., this volume, pp. 223-32.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Boeffel, Ch., Hisgen, B., Pschorn, U., Ringsdorf, H., Spiess, H. W., Israel J. Chem., 1983, 23, 388.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Piskunov, M. V., Kostromin, S. G., Stroganov, L. B., Shibaev, V. P., Plate, N. A., Makromol. Chem. Rapid. Commun., 1982, 3, 443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Wassmer, K. H., Ohmes, E., Kothe, G., Portugall, M., Ringsdorf, H., Makromol. Chem., Rapid. Commun., 1982, 3, 281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Mueller, K., Wassmer, K. H., Lenz, R. W., Kothe, G., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 1983, 21, 785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Ringsdorf, H., Schmidt, H. W., Baur, G., Kiefer, R., Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem., 1983, 24, 306.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Talroze, R. V., Shibaev, V. P., Sinitzyn, V. V., Plate, N. A., Lomonosov, M. V., Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem., 1983, 24, 309.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Ronca, G., Yoon, D. Y., J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 76, 3295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Wendorff, J. H., in Liquid Crystalline Order in Polymers, Blumstein, A. (Ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Wendorff, J. H., Finkelmann, H., Ringsdorf, H., Am. Chem. Soc. Polym. Prepr., 1978, 74, 12.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Clough, S. B., Blumstein, A., de Vries, A., Am. Chem. Soc. Polym. Prepr., 1978, 74, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Blumstein, A., Hsu, E. C., in Liquid Crystalline Order in Polymers, Blumstein, A. (Ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Shibaev, V. P., Plate, N. A., Polym. Sci. USSR, 1977, 1605.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Tsukruk, V. V., Shilov, V. V., Lipatov, Yu, S., Makromol. Chem., 1982, 183, 2009;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Tsukruk, V. V., Shilov, V. V., Lipatov, Yu, S., Eur. Polym. J., 1983, 19, 199;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Tsukruk, V. V., Shilov, V. V., Lipatov, Yu, S., Polym. Commun., 1983, 24, 75, 260.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Tsukruk, V. V., Shilov, V. V., Konstantinov, 1.1., Lipatov, Yu. S. and Amerik, Yu. B., Eur. Polym. J., 1982, 18, 1015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Frosini, V., Levita, G., Lupinacci, D., Magagnini, P. L., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1981, 66, 21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Shibaev, V. P., Plate, N. A., Freidzon, Ya S., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 1979, 17, 1655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Magagnini, P. L., Makromol. Chem. SuppL, 1981, 4, 223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Newman, B. A., Frosini, V., Magagnini, P. L., Am. Chem. Soc. Polym. Prepr., 1978, 74, 71.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Osada, Y., Blumstein, A., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 1977, 15, 761.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Blumstein, A., Osada, Y., Clough, S. B., Hsu, E. C., Blumstein, R. B., Am. Chem. Soc. Polym. Prepr., 1978, 74, 56.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Blumstein, A., Blumstein, R. B., Clough, S. B., Hsu, E. C., Macromolecules, 1975, 8, 73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Shibaev, V. P., Talroze, R. V., Karakhanova, F. I., Platé, N. A., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 1979, 17, 1671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Paleos, C. M., Margomenou-Léonidopoulou, G., Filippakis, S. E., Malliaris, A., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 1982, 20, 2267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Benattar, J. J., Moussa, F., Lambert, M., J. de Chimie Phys., 1983, 80, 99.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Leadbetter, A. J., in The Molecular Physics of Liquid Crystals, Luckhurst, G. R., Gray, G. W. (Eds), Academic Press, New York, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Doucet, J., in The Molecular Physics of Liquid Crystals, Luckhurst, G. R., Gray, G. W. (Eds), Academic Press, New York, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Blumstein, A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. N., Blumstein, R. B., Clough, S. B., Polymer, 1982, 23, 47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. Roviello, A., Sirigu, A., (a) Eur. Polym. J., 1979, 15. 61;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. Roviello, A. and Sirigu, A., (b) Makromol. Chem., 1980, 181, 1799;

    Google Scholar 

  128. Roviello, A. and Sirigu, A., (C) Gazz. Chim. hai, 1980, 110, 403.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Iannelli, P., Roviello, A., Sirigu, A., Eur. Polym. J., 1982, 18, 745, 753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Frosini, V., Marchetti, A., de Petris, S., Makromol Chem., Rapid Commun., 1982, 3, 795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Thierry, A., Skoulios, A., Lang, G., Forestier, S., Mol Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Lett., 1978, 41, 125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. Usha Deniz, K., Paranjpe, A. S., Amirthalingam, V., Muralidharan, K. V., in Liquid Crystals, Chandrasekhar, S. (Ed.), Heyden, London, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Vainshtein, B. K., Diffraction of X-rays by Chain Molecules, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Bear, R. S., Hugo, H. F., Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1951, 53, 627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. Leadbetter, A. J., Norris, E. K., Molec. Phys., 1979, 38, 669.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Noёl, C. (1985). Structure and Characterization of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers. In: Chapoy, L.L. (eds) Recent Advances in Liquid Crystalline Polymers. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4934-8_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4934-8_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8686-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4934-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics