Abstract
The cytologic features of cervical infections vary with the nature of the tissue lesion and the chronicity of the infective process; most commonly observed are nonspecific destruction of epithelial cell and inflammatory and immunologic reactions of the stromal layer. During physiological metaplasia the cervical epithelium appears inflamed and shows leukocytic infiltration. Bacteriologic studies of such lesions often yield disappointing results, with either the presence of nonpathogenic organisms or an absence of organisms (Singer and Jordan, 1976).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alitalo, K., Halila, H., Vesterinen, E. et al. (1982). Endo-and ectocervical human uterine epithelial cells distinguished by fibronectin production and keratinization in culture. Cancer Res., 42, 1142
Amstey, M. S., Patten, S. F. and Turk, M. (1973). Herpesvirus cervicitis and cervical neoplasia. Cancer, 32, 1321
An, S. H. (1969). Herpes simplex virus infection detected on routine gynecologic cell specimens. Acta Cytol., 13, 354
Balduzzi, P. C., Nasello, M. A. and Amstey, M. S. (1972). Experimental infection of human cervix by herpesvirus type 2 in organ culture. Cancer Res., 32, 243
Blank, H., Burgoon, C. F., Baldridge, G. D. et al. (1951). Cytologic smears in diagnosis of herpes simplex, herpes zoster and varicella. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 146, 1410
Blank, H., Burgoon, C. F., Baldridge, G. D. et al. (1951). Cytologic smears in diagnosis of herpes simplex, herpes zoster and varicella. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 146, 1410
Blank, H., Burgoon, C. F., Baldridge, G. D. et al. (1951). Cytologic smears in diagnosis of herpes simplex, herpes zoster and varicella. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 146, 1410
Dillon, M. B., Rosenshein, N. B., Parmley, T. H. et al. (1981). The diagnosis and management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the patient under the age of twenty-one. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet., 19, 97
Diosi, P., Babusceac, L. and David, C. (1973). Distinctive cycopathic properties of cytomegalovirus recovered from the female genital tract. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 59, 192
Diosi, P., Babusceac, L., Nevinglovschi, O. et al. (1967). Cytomegalovirus infection associated with pregnancy. Lancet, 2, 1063
Dunlop, E. M. C., Jones, B. R. and Al-Hussaini, M. K. (1964). Genital infection in association with TRIC virus infection of the eye. III. Clinical and other findings. Preliminary Report. Br. J. Vener. Dis., 40, 33
Goodpasture, E. W. and Talbot, F. B. (1921). Concerning the nature of ‘protozoan-like’ cells in certain lesions of infancy. Am. J. Dis. Child., 21, 415
Gupta, P. K. (1982). Intrauterine contraceptive devices: vaginal cytology, pathologic changes and clinical implications. Acta Cytol., 26, 571
Gupta, P. K., Hollander, D. H. and Frost, J. K. (1976). Actinomycetes in cervicovaginal smears: an association with IUD usage. Acta Cytol., 20, 295
Hager, W. D. and Majmudar, B. (1979). Pelvic actinomycosis in women using intrauterine contraceptive devices. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 133, 60
Jeansson, S. and Molin, L. (1974). On the occurrence of genital herpes simplex infection: Clinical and virological findings and relation to gonorrhoea. Acta. Derm. Venereal., 54, 479
Jesionek and Kiolemenoglou, (1904). Uber einen Befund von protozoen-artigen Gebilden in den Organen eines hereditar-letischen Fätus. Muench. Med. Wochenschr.,51, 1905
Jindrâk, K. (1964). Die Zytomegalie in der Zervixschleimhaut einer Wöchnerin. Z. Allg. Pathol., 106, 255
Jones, B. R., Collier, L. H. and Smith, C. H. (1959). Isolation of virus from inclusion blennorrhea. Lancet, 1, 902
Jones, M. C., Buschmann, A. M., Dowling, L. A. et al. (1979). The prevalence of actinomyces-like organisms found in cervicovaginal smears of 300 IUD wearers. Acta Cytol., 23, 282
Jordan, M. C., Rousseau, W. E., Noble, G. R. et al. (1973). Association of cervical cytomegaloviruses with venereal disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 288, 932
Kiviat, N., Paavonen, J., Brockway, J. et al. (1983). Diagnosis of C. Trachomatis Using Routine Papanicolaou Stained Cervical Smears. V international meeting of the International Society for STD research, Seattle
Laverty, C. R., Russell, P., Black, J. et al. (1977). Adenovirus infection of the cervix. Acta Cytol., 21, 114
Lemon, S. H., Hutt, L. M., Shaw, J. E. et al. (1977). Replication of EBV in epithelial cells during infectious mononucleosis. Nature, 268, 268
Meisels, A., Fortin, R. and Roy, M. (1977). Condylomatous lesions of the cervix. II. cytologic, colposcopic and histopathologic study. Acta Cytol., 21, 379
Morse, A. R., Coleman, D. V. and Gardner, S. D. (1974). An evaluation of cytology in the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection and cytomegalovirus infection of the cervix uteri. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Common w., 81, 393
Naib, Z. M. (1966). Exfoliative cytology of viral cervicovaginitis. Acta Cytol., 10, 126
Naib, Z. M. (1970). Cytology of TRIC agent infection of the eye of newborn infants and their mothers genital tracts. Acta Cytol., 14, 390
Naib, Z. M., Nahmias, A. J. and Josey, W. E. (1966). Cytology and histopathology of cervical herpes simplex infection. Cancer, 19, 1026
Ng, A. B. P., Reagan, J. W. and Yen, S. S. C. (1970). Herpes genitalis: Clinical and cytopathologic experience with 256 patients. Obstet. Gynecol., 36, 645
Nigogosyan, G. and Mills, J. W. (1965). Herpes simplex cervicitis. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 191, 152
Numazaki, Y., Yano, N., Morizuka, T. et al. (1970). Primary infection with human cytomegalovirus: Virus isolation from healthy infants and pregnant women. Am. J. Epidemiol., 91, 410
Paavonen, J. and Purola, E. (1980). Cytologic findings in cervical chlamydial infection. Med. Biol., 58, 174
Paavonen, J., Vesterinen, E., Meyer, B. et al. (1982). Colposcopic and histological findings in cervical chlamydial infection. Obstet. Gynecol., 59, 712
Purola, E. and Savia, E. (1977). Cytology of gynecologic condyloma acuminatum. Acta Cytol., 21, 26
Purola, E., Halila, H. and Vesterinen, E. (1983). Condylomatous etiology of cervical dysplasia in adolescence. Gynecol. Oncol., 16, 34
Rees, E., Tait, I. A., Hobson, D. et al. (1977). Chlamydia in relation to cervical infection and pelvic inflammatory disease. In Hobson, D. and Holmes, K. K. (eds.) Nongonococcal Urethritis and Related Infections, p. 67. ( Washington: American Society for Microbiology )
Schachter, J. (1978). Chlamydial infections. N. Engl. J. Med., 298, 428
Seppälä, M. and Vaheri, A. (1974). Natural rubella infection of the female genital tract. Lancet, 1, 46
Singer, A. and Jordan, J. A. (1976). The anatomy of the cervix. In Jordan, J. A. and Singer, A. (eds.) The Cervix, p. 13. ( Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders )
Sixbey, J. W., Vesterinen, E. H., Nedrud, J. G. et al. (1983). Replication of Epstein—Barr virus in human epithelial cells in vitro. Nature, 306, 480
Stern, E. and Longo, L. D. (1963). Identification of herpes simplex virus in a case showing cytological features of viral vaginitis. Acta Cytol., 7, 295
Swanson, J., Eschenbach, D. A., Alexander, E. R. et al. (1975). Light and electron microscopic study of Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the uterine cervix. J. Infect. Dis., 131, 678
Syrjänen, K. J. (1980). Current views on the condylomatous lesions in uterine cervix and their possible relationship to cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv., 35, 685
Syrjänen, K., Heinonen, U. M. and Kauraniemi, T. (1981). Cytologic evidence of the association of condylomatous lesions with dysplastic and neoplastic changes in the uterine cervix. Acta Cytol., 25, 17
Vaheri, A., Vesikari, T., Oker-Blom, N. et al. (1972). Isolation of attenuated rubella vaccine virus from human products of conception and uterine cervix. N. Engl. J. Med., 286, 1071
Varga, A. and Browell, B. (1960). Viral inclusion bodies in vaginal smears. Obstet. Gynecol., 16, 441
Vesterinen, E. (1976a). Herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus infections of the human uterine cervix. Dissertation, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
Vesterinen. E. (1976b). Human ecto-and endocervical epithelial cells as targets for herpes simplex type two infection in vitro. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. (B), 84, 29
Vesterinen, E., Carson, J., Walton. L. A. et al. (1986). Human ectocervical and endocervical epithelial cells in culture: a comparative ultrastructural study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 137, 681
Vesterinen, E., Leinikki, P. and Saksela, E. (1975). Cytopathogenicity of cytomegalovirus to human ecto-and endocervical epithelial cells in vitro. Acta Cytol., 19, 473
Vesterinen, E.. Nedrud, J., Collier, A. et al. (1980a). Explantation and subculture of epithelial cells from human uterine ectocervix. Cancer Res., 40, 512
Vesterinen, E., Purola, E., Saksela, E. et al. (1977). Clinical and virological findings in patients with cytologically diagnosed gynecologic herpes simplex infections. Acta Cytol., 21, 199
Vesterinen, E., Vaheri, A., Paavonen, J. et al. (1978). Adenovirus infection and cytopathic alterations of human cervical epithelial cells in vitro. Acta Cytol., 22, 566
Wilbanks, G. D. and Campbell, J. A. (1972). Effect of herpes virus hominis type 2 on human cervical epithelium: Scanning electron microscopic observations. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 112, 924
Wilbanks. G. D., Campbell, J. A. and Kaufman. L. A. (1970). Cellular changes of normal human cervical epithelium infected in vitro with herpes-virus hominis, type two (Herpes simplex). Acta Cytol., 14, 538
Wildy, P. (1971). Classification and nomenclature of viruses. In Melnick, J. L. (ed.) Monographs in Virology, vol. 5, p. 33. ( Basel: Karger )
Wolinska, W. H. and Melamed, M. R. (1970). Herpes genitalis in women attending Planned Parenthood of New York City. Acta Cytol., 14, 239
Yen, S. S. C., Reagan, J. W. and Rosenthal, M. S. (1965). Herpes simplex infection in female genital tract. Obstet. Gynecol., 25, 479
Zur Hausen, H., de Villiers, E. and Gissman, L. (1981). Papillomavirus infections and human genital cancer. Gynecol. Oncol., 12, 124
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 MTP Press Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vesterinen, E., Purola, E., Paavonen, J. (1985). Cytologic diagnosis of cervical infections. In: Keith, L.G., Berger, G.S. (eds) Common Infections. Infections in Reproductive Health, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4878-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4878-5_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8659-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4878-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive