Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Chitin and Benzoylphenyl Ureas pp 43–73Cite as

Interference with chitin biosynthesis in insects

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Series Entomologica ((SENT,volume 38))

Abstract

Chitin is a naturally abundant highly organized amino-sugar biopolymer. It is found in diverse taxonomic groups as a structural element largely for supportive purposes. Chitin is formed by certain diatom algae (Herth, 1979) and is prevalent in invertebrates, particularly in exoskeletons and peritrophic membranes of arthropods (Neville, 1975) and along with the deacetylated form, chitosan, in cell walls of most fungal species (Muzzarelli, 1977). Chitin is absent in vertebrates and plants where the analogous structural polymers are collagen and cellulose, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andersen, S. O. 1979. Biochemistry of insect cuticle. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 29: 24 – 61

    Google Scholar 

  • Apperson, C. S., Schaefer, C. N., Colwell, A. E., Werner, G. H., Anderson, N. L. Dupras, Jr. E. F. and Longanecker, D. R. 1978. Effects of diflubenzuron on Chaoborus astictopusand nontarget organisms and persistence of diflubenzuron in lentic habitats. J. Econ. Entomol. 71: 521 – 527

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartnicki-Garcia, S., Bracker, C. E., Reyes, E. and Ruiz-Herrera, J. 1978. Isolation of chitosomes from taxonomically diverse fungi and synthesis of chitin microfibrils in vitro. Exp. Mycol. 2: 173 – 192

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartnicki-Garcia, S. and Lippman, E. 1972. Inhibition of Mucor rouxiiby polyoxin-D: Effect on chitin synthetase and morphological development. J. Gen. Microbiol. 71: 301 – 309

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartnicki-Garcia, S., Ruiz-Herrera, J. and Bracker, C. E. 1979. Chitosomes and chitin synthesis. In Fungal Walls and Hyphal Growth. Burnett, J. H. and Trinci, A. P. J. Eds. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, pp. 149 – 168

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, B. 1978. Effect of 20-hydroxy-ecdysone, juvenile hormone, Dimilin, and captan on in vitro synthesis of peritrophic membranes in Calliphora erythrocephala. J. Insect Physiol. 24: 699 – 705

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, B. 1980. Effect of polyoxin-D on in vitrosynthesis of peritrophic membranes in Calliphora erythrocephala. Insect Biochem. 10: 101 – 106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bracker, C. F., Ruiz-Herrera, J. and Bartnicki-Garcia, S. 1976. Structure and transformation of chitin synthetase particles (chitosomes) during microfibril synthesis in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73: 4570 – 4574

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, P. C. and Calderone, R. A. 1978. Chitin synthesis in Candida albicans: Comparison of yeast and hyphal forms. J. Bacteriol. 133: 1472 – 1477

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, P. C. and Calderone, R. A. 1979. Regulation and solubilization of Candida albicanschitin synthetase. J. Bacteriol. 140: 666 – 670

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brillinger, G. Y. 1979. Metabolic products of microorganisms 181. Chitin synthase from fungi, a test model for substances with insecticidal properties. Arch. Microbiol. 121: 71 – 74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cabib, E. and Farkas, V. 1971. The control of morphogenesis: An enzymatic mechanism for the initiation of septum formation in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68: 2052 – 2056

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cabib, E. and Roberts, R. 1982. Synthesis of the yeast cell wall and its regulation. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 51: 763 – 793

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Candy, D. J. and Kilby, B. A. 1962. Studies on chitin synthesis in the deseret locust. J. Exp. Biol. 39: 129 – 140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, S. C. 1979. Laboratory evaluation of diflubenzuron, penfluron, and Bay Sir 8514 as female sterilants against the house fly. J. Econ. Entomol. 72: 479 – 481

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, L., Temple, G. H. R. and Vincent, J. F. V. 1977. The effects of a chitin inhibitor- Dimilin- on the production of peritrophic membrane in the locust, Locusta migratoria. J. Insect Physiol. 23: 241 – 246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. 1982. In vitro chitin synthesis in an insect: formation and structure of microfibrils. Europ. J. Cell Biol. 16: 284 – 294

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. 1985. Chitin synthetase activity and inhibition in different insect microsomal preparations. Experientia. 41: 470 – 472

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. and Casida, J. E. 1980a. Properties of Triboliumgut chitin synthetase. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 13: 121 – 128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. and Casida, J. E. 1980b. Inhibition of Triboliumgut chitin synthetase. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 13: 129 – 136

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. and Casida, J. E. 1982. Properties and inhibition of insect integumental chitin synthetase. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 17: 301 – 306

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. and Casida, J. E. 1983. Insect chitin synthetase as a biochemical probe for insecticidal compounds. In Pesticide Chemistry. Human Welfare and the Environment. Miyamoto, J. and Kearney, P. C. eds. Pergamon Press. Oxford, pp. 25 – 32

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E., Kuwano, E. and Eto, M. 1984. The use of Triboliumchitin synthetase assay in studying effects of benzimidazoles with a terpene moiety and related compounds. Agric. Biol. Chem. 48: 1617 – 1620

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, G. D., Campbell, J. McA. and Peberdy, J. F. 1981. Endogenous chitin synthase inhibitor in Aspergillus nidulans. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 77: 579 – 585

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dähn, U., Hagenmaier, H., Höhne, H., König, W. A., Wolf, G. A. and Zähner, H. 1976. Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen. 154. Mitteilung. Nikkomycin, ein neuer Hemmstoff der Chitinsynthese bei Pilzen. Arch. Microbiol. 107: 143 – 160

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeLoach, J. R. Meola, S. M., Mayer, R. T. and Thompson, J. M. 1981. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by diflubenzuron in pupae of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans(L). Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 15: 172 – 180

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Rousset-Hall, A. and Gooday, G. W. 1975. A kinetic study of a solubilized chitin synthetase preparation from Coprinus cinereus. J. Gen. Microbiol. 89: 146 – 154

    Google Scholar 

  • Deul, D. H., DeJong, B. J. and Kortenbach, J. A. M. 1978. Inhibition of chitin synthesis by two l-(2,6-disubstituted benzoyl)-3-phenylurea insecticides. II Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 8: 98 – 105

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duran, A. and Cabib, E. 1978. Solubilization and partial purification of yeast chitin synthetase. Confirmation of the zymogenic nature of the enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 253: 4419 – 4425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elorza, M. V., Rico, H. and Sentandreu, R. 1983. Calcofluor white alters the assembly of chitin fibrils in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeand Candida albicanscells. J. Gen. Microbiol. 129: 1577 – 1582

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farlow, J. E., Breaud, T. P., Steelman, C. D. and Schilling, P. E. 1978. Effects of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron on non-target aquatic populations in a Louisiana inter-mediate marsh. Environ. Entomol. 7: 199 – 204

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiedler, H.-P. 1981. Quantitation of nikkomycins in biological fluids by ion-pair reversed- phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatog. 204: 313 – 318

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gijswijt, M. J., Deul, D. H. and DeJong, B. J. 1979. Inhibition of chitin synthesis by benzoyl-phenylurea insecticides, III. Similarity in action in Pieris brassicae(L.) with polyoxin-D. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 12: 87 – 94

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, L. and Brown, D. H. 1957. The synthesis of chitin in cell free extracts of Neurospora crassa. J. Biol. Chem. 228: 729 – 742

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gooday, G. W. 1979. Chitin synthesis and differentiation in Coprinus cinereus. In Fungal Walls and Hyphal Growth. Burnett, J. H. & Trinci, A. P. J., eds. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, pp. 203 – 223

    Google Scholar 

  • Gooday, G. W. and de Rousset-Hall, A. 1975. Properties of chitin synthetase from Coprinus cinereus. J. Gen. Microbiol. 89: 137 – 145

    Google Scholar 

  • Gooday, G. W. and Trinci, A. P. J. 1980. Wall structure and biosynthesis in fungi. In: Eukaryotic Microbial Cell. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. Sym. 30: 207 – 252

    Google Scholar 

  • Grosscurt, A. C. 1978. Diflubenzuron: Some aspects of its ovicidal and larvicidal mode of action and an evaluation of its practical possibilities. Pestic. Sci. 9: 373 – 386

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grosscurt, A. C. and Andersen, S. O. 1980. Effects of diflubenzuron on some chemical and mechanical properties of the elytra of Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Ser. C. Vol. 83: 143 – 150

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haga, T. Toki, T. Koyanagi, T. and Nishiyama, R. 1982. Structure-activity relationships of a series of benzoyl-pyridyloxyphenyl urea derivatives. Paper II d-7 of the Fifth International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry. Abstracts. Kyoto, Japan. August 29–September 4

    Google Scholar 

  • Hajjar, N. P. and Casida, J. E. 1979. Structure-activity relationships of benzoylphenyl ureas as toxicants and chitin synthesis inhibitors in Oncopeltus fasciatus. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 11: 33 – 45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich, P., Surholt, B. and Zebe, E. 1979. Autoradiographische Untersuchungen zum Einbau von 14C-Glukose and 3H-N-Acetyl-Glukosamin bei der Wanderheuschrecke Locusta migratoria. Cytobiologie. 9: 45 – 58

    Google Scholar 

  • Herth, W. 1980. Calcofluor white and Congo red inhibit chitin microfibril assembly of Poteri oochromonas: Evidence for a gap between polymerization and microfibril formation. J. Cell Biol. 87: 442 – 450

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herth, W. and Zugenmaier, P. 1977. Ultrastructure of the chitin fibrils on the centric diatom Cyclotella cryptica. J. Ultrastr. Res. 61: 230 – 239

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hori, M., Eguchi, J., Kakiki, K. and Misato, T. 1974a. Studies on the mode of action of polyoxins. VI Effect of polyoxin-B on chitin synthesis in polyoxin-sensitive and resistant strains of Alternaria kikuchiana. J. Antibiot. 27: 260 – 266

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hori, M., Kakiki, K. and Misato, T. 1974b. Further study on the relation of polyoxin structure to chitin synthetase inhibition. Agric. Biol. Chem. 38: 691 – 698

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hori, M., Kakiki K., Suzuki, S., and Misato, T. 1971. Studies on the mode of action of polyoxins. Part III. Relation of polyoxin structure to chitin synthetase inhibition. Agric. Biol. Chem. 35: 1280 – 1291

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horst, M. N. 1981. The biosynthesis of crustacean chitin by a microsomal enzyme from larval brine shrimp. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 1412 – 1419

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, E. and Vincent, J. F. V. 1974. The effects of a novel insecticide on insect cuticle. Experientia. 30: 1432 – 1433

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishaaya, I. and Casida, J. E. 1974. Dietary TH 6040 alters composition and enzyme activity of housefly larval cuticle. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 4: 484 – 490

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ivie, G. W. and Wright, J. E. 1978. Fate of diflubenzuron in the stable fly and house fly. J. Agric. Food Chem. 26: 90 – 94

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jan, Y. N. 1974. Properties and cellular localization of chitin synthetase in Phycomyces blakesleeanus. J. Biol. Chem. 249: 1973 – 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaworski, E., Wang, L. and Marco, G. 1963. Synthesis of chitin in cell-free extracts of Prodenia eridania. Nature (London) 198: 790

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ker, R. F. 1977. Investigation of locust cuticle using the insecticide diflubenzuron. J. Insect Physiol. 23: 39 – 48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura, S. 1973. The control of chitin deposition by ecdysterone in larvae of Bombyx mori. J. Insect Physiol. 19: 2177 – 2181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitahara, K., Nakagawa, Y., Nishioka, T. and Fujita, T. 1983. Cultured integument of Chilo suppressalisas a bioassay system of insect growth regulators. Agric. Biol. Chem. 47: 1583 – 1589

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobinata, K, Uramoto, M., Nishii, M., Kusakabe, H., Nakamura, G. and Isono, K., 1980. Neopolyoxins A, B, and C, new chitin synthetase inhibitors. Agric. Biol. Chem. 44: 1709 – 1711

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, I., Uchida, M. and Klocke, J. A. 1983. An insect ecdysis inhibitor from the African medicinal plant. Plumbago capensis(Plumbaginaceae); a naturally occurring chitin synthetase inhibitor. Agric. Biol. Chem. 47: 911 – 913

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwano, E., Sato, N. and Eto, M. 1982. Insecticidal benzimidazoles with a terpenoid moiety. Agric. Biol. Chem. 46: 1715 – 1716

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leighton, T., Marks, E. and Leighton, F. 1981. Pesticides: Insecticides and fungicides as chitin synthesis inhibitors. Science. 213: 905 – 907

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, S. J. and Lee, S. S. 1982. The toxicity of diflubenzuron to Oxya japonica(Willemse) and its effect on moulting. Pestic. Sci. 13: 537 – 544

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Locke, M. and Huie, P. 1979. Apolysis and the turnover of plasma membrane plaques during cuticle formation in an insect. Tissue and Cell 11: 277 – 291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lukens, R. J. 1971. Chemistry of Fungicide Action. Springer-Verlag, New York. pp. 59, 60 and 94

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, E. P. and Leopold, R. A. 1970. Cockroach leg regeneration: Effects of ecdysterone in vitro. Science. 167: 61 – 62

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marks, E. P. and Leopold, R. A. 1971. Deposition of cuticular substances in vitroby leg regenerates from the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae(F.). Biol. Bull. 140: 73 – 83

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marks, E. P. and Sowa, B. A. 1976. Cuticle formation in vitro. In the Insect Integument. Hepburn, H. R., ed., Elsevier. Amsterdam, pp. 339 – 357

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, R. T., Chen, A. C. and DeLoach, J. R. 1980a. Characterization of a chitin synthase from the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans(L.) Insect Biochem. 10: 549 – 556

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, R. T., Meola, S. M., Coppage, D. L. and DeLoach, J. R. 1980b. Utilization of imaginal tissues from pupae of the stable fly for the study of chitin synthesis and screening of chitin synthesis inhibitors. J. Econ. Entomol. 73: 76 – 80

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, R. T., Netter, K. J., Leising, H. B. and Schachtschabel, D. O. 1984. Inhibition of the uptake of nucleosides in cultured Harding-passey melanoma cells by diflubenzuron. Toxicology. 30: 1 – 6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMurrough, I. and Bartnicki-Garcia, S. 1973. Inhibition and activation of chitin synthesis by Mucor rouxiicell extracts. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 158: 812 – 816

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meola, S. M. and Mayer, R. T. 1980. Inhibition of cellular proliferation of imaginal epidermal cells by diflubenzuron in pupae of the stable fly. Science. 207: 985 – 987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. W., Corley, C., Cohen, C. F., Robbins, W. E. and Marks, E. P. 1979. Efficacy and mode of action of CGA-19255, Paper 50 of Pesticide Chemistry Division. Amer. Chem. Soc. National Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, 2 to 6 April

    Google Scholar 

  • Misato, T. 1982. Present status and future prospects of agricultural antibiotics. J. Pestic. Sci. 7: 301 – 305

    Google Scholar 

  • Misato, T., Kakiki, K. and Hori, M. 1979. Chitin as a target for pesticide action: Progress and prospect. In Advances in Pesticide Science. Geissbuhler, H., Brooks, G. T. and Kearney, P. C., eds. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 458 – 464

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitlin, N, Wiygul, G. and Haynes, J. W. 1977. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in boll weevils (Anthonomus grandisBoheman) sterilized by Dimilin. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 7: 559 – 563

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsui, T., Nobusawa, C. and Fukami, J.-I. 1984. Mode of inhibition of chitin synthesis by diflubenzuron in the cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicaeL. J. Pestic. Sci. 9: 19 – 26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsui, T., Nobusawa, C., Fukami, J.-I., Colins, J. and Riddiford, L. M. 1980. Inhibition of chitin synthesis by diflubenzuron in Manducalarvae. J. Pestic. Sci. 5: 335 – 341

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mothes, U. and Seitz, K. A. 1981. A possible pathway of chitin synthesis as revealed by electron microscopy in Tetranychus urticae(Acari, Tetranychidae). Cell Tissue Res. 214: 443 – 448

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mothes, U. and Seitz, K.-A. 1982. Action of the microbial metabolite and chitin synthesis inhibitor nikkomycin on the mite Tetranychus urticae; an electron microscope study. Pestic. Sci. 13: 426 – 441

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulder, R. and Gijswijt, M. J. 1973. The laboratory evaluation of two promising new insecticides which interfere with cuticle deposition. Pestic Sci. 4: 737 – 745

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, H., Furter, R., Zähner, H. and Rast, D. M. 1981. Metabolic products of micro¬organisms 203. Inhibition of chitosomal chitin synthetase and growth of Mucor rouxiiby nikkomycin Z, nikkomycin X, and polyoxin A: A comparison. Arch. Microbiol. 130: 195 – 197

    Google Scholar 

  • Muzzarelli, R. A. A. 1977. Chitin. Pergamon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Nimmo, D. R., Hamaker, T. L., Moore, J. C. and Wood, R. A. 1980. Acute and chronic effects of Dimilin on survival and reproduction of Mysidopsis bahia. Aquatic Toxicology, ASTM STP 707. Eaton, J. G., Parrish, P. R. and Hendricks, A. C., Eds., American Society for Testing Materials, pp. 366 – 376

    Google Scholar 

  • Neville, A. C. 1975. Biology of Arthropod Cuticle. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Oberlander, H., Ferkovich, S., Leach, E. and Van Essen, F. 1980. Inhibition of chitin biosynthesis in cultured imaginal discs: Effect, of alpha-amanitin, actinomycin-D, cycloheximide, and puromycin. Wilhelm Roux’s Arch. Dev. Biol. 188: 81 – 86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oberlander, H., Ferkovich, S. M., Van Essen, F. and Leach, C. E. 1978. Chitin biosynthesis in imaginal discs cultured in vitro. Wilhelm Roux’s Arch. Dev. Biol. 185: 95 – 98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oberlander, H., Lynn, D. E. and Leach, C. E. 1983. Inhibition of cuticle production in imaginal discs of Plodia interpunctella(cultured in vitro): Effects of colcemid and vinblastine. J. Insect Physiol. 29: 47 – 53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, J. E., DeMilo, A. B., Brown, R. T. and McHaffey, D. G. 1977. A13-63223: A highly effective boll weevil sterilant. J. Econ. Entomol. 70: 286 – 288

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, M. P., Holman, G. M. and Wright, J. E. 1977. —-Ecdysone levels in pharate pupae of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans and interaction with the chitin inhibitor diflubenzuron. J. Insect Physiol. 23: 1243–1244

    Google Scholar 

  • Peeples, A. and Dalvi, R. R. 1978. Toxicologic studies of N- trichloromethylthio-4- cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide (Captan): Its metabolism by rat liver drug-metabolizing enzyme system. Toxicology. 9: 341 – 351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peperdy, J. F. and Moore, P. M. 1975. Chitin synthase in Mortierella vinacea: Properties, cellular location and synthesis in growing cultures. J. Gen. Microbiol. 90: 228 – 236

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, W. 1976. Investigation on the peritrophic membranes of Diptera. In The Insect Integument. Hepburn, H. R., ed. Elsevier. Amsterdam, pp. 515 – 543

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, C. A. and Jaworski, E. G., 1965. Biosynthesis of chitin during various stages in the metamorphosis of Prodenia eridania. J. Insect Physiol. 11: 1151 – 1160

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Post, L. C., DeJong, B. J. and Vincent, W. R. 1974. 1-(2,6-disubstituted benzoyl)-3-phenyl urea insecticides: Inhibitors of chitin synthesis. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 4: 473–483

    Google Scholar 

  • Post, L. C. and Vincent, W. R. 1973. A new insecticide inhibits chitin synthesis. Naturwissenschaften. 60: 431 – 432

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, D. V. and Somers, E. 1968. Studies on the fungitoxicity of captan. VI. Decom-position of 35S-labelled captan by Neurospora crassaconidia. Ann. Appl. Biol. 62: 35 – 43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudall, K. M. and Kenchington, W. 1973. The chitin system. Biol. Rev. 48: 597 – 636

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Herrera, J. and Bartnicki-Garcia, S. 1976. Proteolytic activation and inactivation of chitin synthetase from Mucor rouxii. J. Gen. Microbiol. 97: 241 – 249

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Herrera, J., Lopez-Romero, E. and Bartnicki-Garcia, S. 1977. Properties of chitin synthetase in isolated chitosomes from yeast cells of Mucor rouxii. J. Biol. Chem. 252: 3338 – 3343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Herrera, J., Sing, V. O., Van der Woude, W. J. and Bartnicki-Garcia, S. 1975. Microfibril assembly of granules of chitin synthetase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 72: 2706 – 2710

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, C. H., Wilder, W. H., Mulligan, III, F. S. and Dupras, Jr., E. F. 1974. Insect development inhibitors: Effects of Altosid, TH6040 and H 24108 against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Calif. Mosquito Control Assoc. 42: 137 – 139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlüter, U. 1982. Ultrastructural evidence for inhibition of chitin synthesis by nikkomycin. Wilhelm Roux’s Arch. Dev. Biol. 191: 205 – 207

    Google Scholar 

  • Selitrennikoff, C. P. 1979. Chitin synthase activity from the slimevariant of Neurospora crassa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 571: 224 – 232

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, M. R. 1970. Reactions of certain trichloromethyl sulfenyl fungicides with low molecular weight thiols. In vitrostudies with glutathione. J. Agric. Food Chem. 18: 819 – 822

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sowa, B. A. and Marks, E. P. 1975. An in vitrosystem for the quantitative measurement of chitin synthesis in the cockroach: Inhibition by TH 6040 and polyoxin-D. Insect Biochem. 5: 855 – 859

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, J. R. and Tung, D. A., 1971. Inhibition by actinomycin D of the initiation of chitin biosynthesis in the crayfish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 39B: 559 – 567

    Google Scholar 

  • Surholt, B. 1975. Studies in vivoand in vitroon chitin synthesis during the larval-adult moulting cycle of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoriaL. J. Comp. Physiol. 102: 135 – 147

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turnbull, I. F. and Howells, A. J. 1982. Effects of several larvicidal compounds on chitin biosynthesis by isolated larval integuments of the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 35: 491 – 503

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turnbull, I. F. and Howells, A. J. 1983. Integumental chitin synthase activity in cell-free extracts of larvae of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, and two other species of Diptera. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 36: 251 – 262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulane, R. E. and Cabib, E. 1974. The activating system of chitin synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification and properties of an inhibitor of the activating factor. J. Biol. Chem. 249: 3418 – 3422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Daalen, J. J., Meltzer, J., Mulder, R. and Wellinga, K. 1972. A selective insecticide with a novel mode of action. Naturwissenschaften 59: 312 – 313

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Eck, W. H. 1979. Mode of action of two benzoylphenyl ureas as inhibitors of chitin synthesis in insects. Insect Biochem. 9: 295 – 300

    Google Scholar 

  • Vardanis, A. 1976. An in vitroassay system for chitin synthesis in insect tissue. Life Sci. 19: 1949 – 1956

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vardanis, A. 1978. Polyoxin fungicides: Demonstration of insecticidal activity due to inhibition of chitin synthesis. Experientia. 34: 228 – 229

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verloop, A. and Ferrell, C. D. 1977. Benzoylphenyl ureas — A new group of larvicides interfering with chitin deposition. In Pesticide Chemistry in the 20th Century. Plimmer, J. R., ed. ACS Sym. Ser., No. 37. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, D. C., pp. 237 – 270

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermeulen, C. A., Raeven, M. B. J. M. and Wessels, J. G. H. 1979. Localization of chitin synthase activity in subcellular fractions of Schizophyllum communeprotoplasts. J. Gen. Microbiol. 114: 87 – 97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wellinga, K., Mulder, R. and Van Daalen, J. J. 1973. Synthesis and laboratory evaluation of 1-(2,6-disubstituted benzoyl)-3-phenyl ureas, a new class of insecticides. II. Influence of the acyl moiety on insecticidal activity. J. Agr. Food Chem. 21: 993 – 998

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, J. D., Biever, K. D., Ignoffo, C. M., Pons, W. J., Morrison, R. K. and Seay, R. S. 1978. Evaluation of diflubenzuron formulations on selected insect parasitoids and predators. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 13: 227 – 236

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, J. E. and Harris, R. L. 1976. Ovicidal activity of Thompson-Hayward TH 6040 in the stable fly and horn fly after surface contact by adults. J. Econ. Entomol. 69: 728 – 730

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, S. J. and Terriere, L. C. 1975. Activities of hormone metabolizing enzymes in house files treated with some substituted urea growth regulators. Life Sci. 17: 619 – 626

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, S. J. and Terriere, L. C. 1977. Ecdysone metabolism by soluble enzymes from three species of Diptera and its inhibition by the insect growth regulator TH-6040. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 7: 48 – 55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zoebelein, G., Hamman, I. and Sirrenberg, W. 1980. BAY SIR 8514, a new chitin synthesis inhibitor. Z. Ang. Ent. 89: 289 – 297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zungoli, P. A., Steinhauer, A. L. and Linduska, J. J. 1983. Evaluation of diflubenzuron for Mexican bean beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) control and impact on Pediobius foveo- latus(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 76: 188 – 191

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. E. Cohen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 20705, Beltsville, Maryland, USA

    James E. Wright

  2. Forest Pest Management Institute, Canadian Forestry Service, P.O. Box 490, P6A 5M7, Sault Ste, Marid, Ontario, Canada

    Arthur Retnakaran (National Program Staff) (National Program Staff)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cohen, E. (1987). Interference with chitin biosynthesis in insects. In: Wright, J.E., Retnakaran, A. (eds) Chitin and Benzoylphenyl Ureas. Series Entomologica, vol 38. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4824-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4824-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8638-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4824-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation