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Transport of Viruses from Sludge Application Sites

  • Conference paper
Processing and Use of Organic Sludge and Liquid Agricultural Wastes

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Summary

The information on virus in sludge is reviewed Sludge, even digested sludge, can contain probably up to 104 – 105 infectious units of enteric viruses. The viruses that may be present are especially the enteroviruses (polio-, coxsackie-, echo- and infectious hepatitis virus), adenoviruses, and presumably rotaviruses. The enteric viruses are relatively resistant towards inactivation in the environment and may persist for several months in sludge. They do not withstand severe drying. Usually the virus is adsorbed by the upper soil layers but under extreme conditions they can pass through to the groundwater, e.g. when heavy rains cause water to pass through sand at a high rate. Virus adsorption is a reversible process influenced by pH, ionic strength, temperature, soil characteristics and type and amount of virus. Adsorption has been investigated in laboratory models and confirmed in the few natural systems that have been investigated. It is concluded that more investigation on the transport of virus through soil is needed, because of the potential public health problems involved in groundwater contamination.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Virology and Immunology, Royal Veterinary Agricultural University of Copenhagen, 13 Bulowsvej, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

    P. H. Jørgensen & E. Lund

Authors
  1. P. H. Jørgensen
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  2. E. Lund
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Commision of European Communities, Directorate-General Science, Research and Development, Brussels, Belgium

    P. L’Hermite

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© 1986 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg

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Jørgensen, P.H., Lund, E. (1986). Transport of Viruses from Sludge Application Sites. In: L’Hermite, P. (eds) Processing and Use of Organic Sludge and Liquid Agricultural Wastes. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4756-6_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4756-6_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8613-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4756-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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