Skip to main content

Rationing Medical Care: Processes for Defining Adequacy

  • Chapter
The Price of Health

Part of the book series: Philosophy and Medicine ((PHME,volume 21))

Abstract

For most people, health care is special because of its importance in preventing pain and suffering, preserving the ability to pursue a normal life plan, providing information and relieving worry, and reflecting a community’s concern for its members. As a result, ensuring access to health care is an important goal for modern societies. Translating this goal into practical policy, however, has proved more difficult than accepting it in principle.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. Aaron, H. J. and W. B. Schwartz: 1984, The Painful Prescription: Rationing Hospital Care, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Abel-Smith, B.: 1978, ‘Minimum Adequate Levels of Personal Health Care: History and Justification’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly/Health and Society 56, 7–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Aday, L., et al.: 1980, Health Care in the U.S.: Equitable for Whom?, Sage Publications, Inc., Beverly Hills, California.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Agich, G. J. and C. E. Begley: 1985, ‘Some Problems With Pro-Competition Reforms’, Social Science and Medicine 21, 623–630.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Arras, J.: 1981, ‘Health Care Vouchers and the Rhetoric of Equity’, Hastings Center Report 11, 29–39.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Arrow, K. J.: 1963, ‘Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care’, American Economic Review 53, 941–973.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Baily, M. A.: 1984, ‘Rationing and American Health Policy’, Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 9, 489–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Barry, B.: 1965, Political Argument, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Beauchamp, T. L. and R. Faden: 1979, ‘The Right to Health and the Right to Health Care’, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 4, 118–131.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Boulding, K.: 1966, ‘The Concept of Need for Health Services’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 44, 202–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Branson, R. and R. M. Veatch: 1976, Ethics and Health Policy, Ballinger Publishing Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Brock, D. W.: 1983, ‘Distribution of Health Care and Individual Liberty’, in President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine, Securing Access to Health Care, Volume Two: Appendices: Sociocultural and Philosophical Studies, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., pp. 239–263.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Buchanan, A. E.: 1981, ‘Justice: A Philosophical Review’, in E. E. Shelp (ed.), Justice and Health Care, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 3–21.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Buchanan, A. E.: 1982, ‘Philosophical Foundations of Beneficence’, in E. E. Shelp (ed.), Beneficence and Health Care, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 33–62.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Buchanan, A. E.: 1983, ‘The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care’ in President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine, Securing Access to Health Care, Volume Two: Appendices: Sociocultural and Philosophical Studies, pp. 207–238.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Childress, J. F.: 1979, ‘A Right to Health Care?’ The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 4, 132–147.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Childress, J. F.: 1981, ‘Priorities in the Allocation of Health Care Resources’, in E. E. Shelp (ed.), Justice and Health Care, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 139–150.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Daniels, N.: 1979, ‘Rights to Health Care and Distributive Justice: Programmatic Worries’, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 4, 174–191.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Daniels, N.: 1981, ‘Cost-Effectiveness and Patient Welfare’, in M. D. Basson (ed.), Rights and Responsibilities in Modern Medicine, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 159–170.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Daniels, N.: 1981, ‘Health Care Needs and Distributive Justice’, Philosophy and Public Affairs 10, 146–179.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Daniels, N.: 1982, ‘Equity of Access to Health Care: Some Conceptual and Ethical Issues’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly/Health and Society 60, 51–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Daniels, N.: 1983, ‘A Reply to Some Stern Criticisms and a Remark on Health Care Rights’, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 8, 363–372.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Engelhardt, H. T., Jr.: 1979, ‘Rights to Health Care: A Critical Approach’, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 4, 113–117.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Engelhardt, H. T., Jr.: 1981, ‘Health Care Allocations: Responses to the Unjust, the Unfortunate, and the Undesirable’, in E. E. Shelp (ed.), Justice and Health Care, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 121–137.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Enthoven, A.: 1978, ‘Consumer Choice Health Plan’, New England Journal of Medicine 298, 709–720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Enthoven, A.: 1980, Health Plan: The Only Practical Solution to the Soaring Cost of Medical Care, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Masschusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Fried, C.: 1975, ‘Rights and Health Care Beyond Equity and Efficiency’, New England Journal of Medicine 293, 241–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Fried, C.: 1983, ‘An Analysis of “Equality” and “Rights” in Medical Care’, in J. Arras & R. Hung (eds.), Ethical Issues in Modern Medicine, 2nd edition, Mayfield Publishing Co., Palo Alto, California, pp. 490–496.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Fuchs, V.: 1974, Who Shall Live?, Basic Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Fuchs, V.: 1984, ‘The “Rationing” of Medical Care’, New England Journal of Medicine 311, 1572–1573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Gauthier, D.: 1983, ’Unequal Need: A Problem of Equity in Access to Health Care’, in President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine Securing Access to Health Care, Volume Two: Appendices; Sociocultural and Philosophical Studies, pp. 179–205.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Gibbard, A.: 1982, ‘The Prospective Pareto Principle & Equity of Access to Health Care’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly/Health and Society 60, 399–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Green, R. M.: 1976, ‘Health Care and Justice in Contract Theory Perspective’, in R. M. Veatch & R. Branson (eds.), Ethics & Public Policy, Ballinger Publishing Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 111–126.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Green, R. M.: 1983, ‘The Priority of Health Care’, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 8, 373–380.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Gutman, A.: 1981, ‘For and Against Equal Access to Health Care’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly/Health and Society 59, 542–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Havighurst, C. C.: 1977, ‘Health Care Cost-Containment Regulation: Prospects and an Alternative’, American Journal of Law & Medicine 3, 309–322.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Havighurst, C. C.: 1981, ‘Competition in Health Services: Overview, Issues and Answers’, Vanderbilt Law Review 34, 1117–1158.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hirschman, A. O.: 1970, Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Response to Decline in Firms, Organizations and States, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Hirschman, A. O.: 1980, ‘Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Further Reflections and a Survey of Recent Contributions’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly/Health and Society 58, 430–453.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Jonas, S., et al.: 1981, Health Care Delivery in the United States, 2nd ed., Springer Publishing Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Levinsky, N. G.: 1984, ‘The Doctor’s Master’, New England Journal of Medicine 311, 1573–1575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Loewy, E. H.: 1980, ‘Cost Should Not Be a Factor in Medical Care’, New England Journal of Medicine 302, 697.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Luft, H.: 1982, ‘Health Maintenance Organizations and the Rationing of Medical Care’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly Health and Society 60, 268–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. McCullough, L. B.: 1979, ‘Rights, Health Care, and Public Policy’, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 4, 204–215.

    Google Scholar 

  45. McCullough, L. B.: 1981, ‘Justice and Health Care: Historical Perspectives and Precedents’, in E. E. Shelp (ed.), Justice and Health Care, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 51–71.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. Mechanic, D.: 1976, The Growth of Medicine: An Inquiry into the Dynamics of Patient Behavior and the Organization of Medical Care, Wiley-Interscience, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Mechanic, D.: 1979, Future Issues in Health Care: Social Policy and The Rationing of Medical Services, The Free Press, MacMillan Publishing Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Morreim, E. H.: 1985, ‘The MD and the DRG’, Hastings Center Report, 30–38.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Moskop, J. C.: 1983, ‘Rawlsian Justice and a Human Right to Health Care’, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 8, 329–338.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Pellegrino, E. D.: ‘Medical Morality & Medical Economics’, Hastings Center Report, 8–12.

    Google Scholar 

  51. President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research: 1983, Securing Access to Health Care, Volume One: Report, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Rosenthal, G. and D. M. Fox: 1978, ‘A Right to What?: Toward Adequate Minimum Standards for Personal Health Services’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly/Health and Society 56, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Schelling, T. C.: 1979, ‘Standards for Adequate Minimum Personal Health Services’, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly Health and Society 57, 212–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Siegler, M.: 1979, ‘A Right to Health Care: Ambiguity, Professional Responsibility, and Patient Liberty’, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 4, 148–157.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Siegler, M.: 1980, ‘A Physician’s Perspective on a Right to Health Care’, Journal of the American Medical Association 10, 1591–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Stern, L.: 1983, ‘Opportunity and Health Care: Criticisms and Suggestions’, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 8, 339–362.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Veatch, R. M.: 1979, ‘Just Social Institutions and the Right to Health Care’, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 4, 170–173.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Willard, L. D.: 1982, ‘Needs & Medicine’, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 7, 259–274.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Williams, A.: 1978, ‘Need: An Economic Exegesis’, in A. J. Culyer and K. G. Wright (eds.), Economic Aspects of Health Services, Robertson and Co., London.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 D. Reidel Publishing Company

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Baily, M.A. (1986). Rationing Medical Care: Processes for Defining Adequacy. In: Agich, G.J., Begley, C.E. (eds) The Price of Health. Philosophy and Medicine, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4704-7_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4704-7_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8592-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4704-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics