Modern Observations of Solar Prominences

Hirayama, Tadashi

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4588-3_21

Modern Observations of Solar Prominences

Tadashi Hirayama²

Chapter

84 Accesses
1 Citations

Abstract

We review observational studies of solar prominences with some reference to theoretical understandings. We lay emphasis on the following findings: (1) An important discovery was made by Leroy, Bommier, and Sahal-Bréchot concerning the direction of the magnetic field inside some high-altitude, high-latitude prominences, where the field vector points in the opposite direction from the one which would be expected from the potential field calculated from the observed photospheric magnetic field. (2) Landman suggests the possibility of a high total density of ≈ 10 ^{− 11} g cm ^{− 3} for the main body of quiescent prominences, ≈ 50 times higher than the value hitherto believed. (3) Flow patterns, nearly parallel to the magnetic neutral lines, were detected in the 10⁵ K plasma near and in prominences. (4) Coronal loop structures were found overlying prominences as viewed from X-ray photographs. We propose also an evolutionary scheme by taking the magnetic field topologies into account.

The fundamental question why a prominence is present remains basically unanswered.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter: USD 29.95; Price excludes VAT (USA)

eBook: USD 39.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Softcover Book: USD 54.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

Anzer, U.: 1979, IAU Colloq. 44, p. 322.
ADS Google Scholar
Athay, R. G., Querfeld, C.W, Smartt, R. N., Landi degl’Innocenti, E., and Bommier, V.: 1983, Solar Phys. 89, 3.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Athay, R. G., Jones, H. P., and Zirin, H.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 288, 363.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bommier, V., Landi degl’Innocenti, E., Leroy, J. L., and Sahal-Bréchot, S.: 1985a, in M. J. Hagyard (ed.), Measurements of Solar Magnetic Fields, NASA Conf. Pubi. CP-2374, p. 335.
Google Scholar
Bommier, V., Leroy, J. L., and Sahal-Bréchot, S.: 1985b, in M. J. Hagyard (ed.), Measurements of SolarMagnetic Fields, NASA Conf. Pubi. CP-2374, p. 375.
Google Scholar
Bonnet, R. M., Bruner, E. G, Acton, L. W., and Brown, W. A.: 1980, Astrophys. J. Letters 237, L47.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bruzek, A. and Kuperus, M.: 1972, Solar Phys. 23, 3.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bashkirtsev, V. S. and Mashnich, G. P.: 1984, Solar Phys. 91, 93.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Cowling, T. G.: 1957, Magnetohydrodynamics, Interscience Pubi. Inc., New York.
Google Scholar
Davis, J. M. and Krieger, S.: 1982, Solar Phys. 80, 295, and 81, 325.
Article ADS Google Scholar
d’Azambuja, L. and d’Azambuja, M.: 1948, Ann. Obs. Paris-Meudon, 6, No. 7.
Google Scholar
de Jager, C.: 1959, in S. Flügge (ed.) Handbuch der Physik 52, Springer Publ. Co., Berlin, p. 80.
Google Scholar
Engvold, O.: 1976, Solar Phys. 49, 283.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Engvold, O., Tandberg-Hanssen, E., and Reichman, E.: 1985, Solar Phys. 96, 35.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Foukal, P.: 1971, Solar Phys. 19, 59.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Foukal, P. and Landman, D. A.: 1984, IAU Colloq. 86, 25.
ADS Google Scholar
Giovanelli, R. G. and McCabe, M.: 1958, Australian J. Phys. 11, 353.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Harvey, J. W.: 1969, Thesis, Univ. Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.
Google Scholar
Harvey, K. L. and Harvey, J. W.: 1976, Solar Phys. 47, 233.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Heasley, J. N.: 1977, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 18, 541.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Heasley, J. N. and Mihalas, D.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 205, 273.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Heasley, J. N. and Milkey, R. W.: 1978, Astrophys. J. 221, 677.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Heasley, J. N. and Milkey, R. W.: 1983, Astrophys. J. 268, 398.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Heinzel, P.: 1983, Bull. Astron. Inst. Czech. 34, 1.
ADS Google Scholar
Hirayama, T.: 1964, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 16, 104.
ADS Google Scholar
Hirayama, T.: 1972, Solar Phys. 24, 310.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Hirayama, T.: 1974, Solar Phys. 34, 323.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Hirayama, T.: 1979, IAU Colloq. 44, 4.
ADS Google Scholar
Hirayama, T. and Endler, F.: 1975, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 7, 352.
ADS Google Scholar
Hirayama, T., Nakagomi, Y., and Okamoto, T.: 1979, IAU Colloq. 44, 48.
ADS Google Scholar
Hirayama, T., Tanaka, K., Watanabe, T., Akita, K., Sakurai, T., and Nishi, K.: 1985, Solar Phys. 95, 281.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Howard, R. and Švestka, Z.: 1977, Solar Phys. 54, 65.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Hyder, C. L.: 1965, Astrophys. J. 141, 1374.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Jefferies, J. T. and Orrall, F. Q.: 1965, Astrophys. J. 141, 505.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Jensen, E., Maltby, P., and Orrall, F. Q. (eds.): 1979, ‘Physics of Solar Prominences’, IAU Colloq. 44.
Google Scholar
Kahler, S.W.: 1981, Solar Phys. 71, 337.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Kanno, M., Withbroe, G. L., and Noyes, R. W.: 1981, Solar Phys. 69, 313.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Kiepenheuer, K. O.: 1953, in G. Kuiper (ed.) The Sun, Chicago Univ. Press, Chicago, Ch. 4.
Google Scholar
Kippenhahn, R. and Schlüter, A.: 1957, Z. Astrophys. 43, 36.
ADS Google Scholar
Kosugi, T., Ishiguro, M., and Shibasaki, K.: 1986, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 38, 1.
ADS Google Scholar
Kubota, J.: 1980, in F. Moriyama and J. C. Henoux (eds.) Proc. Japan-France Seminar on Solar Physics, p. 178.
Google Scholar
Kuperus, M. and Raadu, M. A.: 1974, Astron. Astrophys. 31, 189.
ADS Google Scholar
Landi degl’Innocenti, E.: 1982, Solar Phys. 79, 291.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Landman, D. A.: 1983, Astrophys. J. 270, 265.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Landman, D. A.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 279, 438.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Landman, D. A.: 1985a, Astrophys. J. 290, 369.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Landman, D. A.: 1985b, Astrophys. J. 295, 220.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Leroy, J. L.: 1979, IAU Colloq. 44, p. 56.
ADS Google Scholar
Leroy, J. L.: 1985, in M. J. Hagyard (ed.), Measurements of Solar Magnetic Fields, NASA Conf. Publ. CP-2374, p. 121.
Google Scholar
Leroy, J. L., Bommier, V., and Sahal-Bréchot, S.: 1983, Solar Phys. 83, 135.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Leroy, J. L., Bommier, V., and Sahal-Bréchot, S.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys. 131, 33.
ADS Google Scholar
Liggett, M. and Zirin, H.: 1984, Solar Phys. 91, 259.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Malherbe, J. M., Schmieder, B., and Mein, P.: 1981, Astron Astrophys. 102, 124.
ADS Google Scholar
Mariska, J. T., Doschek, G. A., and Feldman, U.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 232, 929.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Martin, S. F.: 1973, Solar Phys. 31, 3.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Martin, S. F.: 1980, Solar Phys. 68, 217.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Martres, M.-J., Mein, P., Schmieder, B., and Soru-Escaut, I.: 1981, Solar Phys. 69, 301.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Meyer, F. and Schmidt, H. U.: 1968, Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 48, 218.
Article Google Scholar
Milkey, R. W., Heasley, R. N., Schmahl, E. J., and Engvold, O.: 1979, IAU Colloq. 44, 53.
ADS Google Scholar
Moore, R. L., McKenzie, D. L., Švestka, Z., Widing, K. G., and 12 co-authors: 1980, in P. A. Sturrock (ed.), Solar Flares, Skylab Workshop II, Colorado Assoc. Univ. Press, Boulder, Colorado, p. 341.
Google Scholar
Morishita, H.: 1985, Tokyo Astron. Bull. 2nd Ser., No. 272, 3123.
Google Scholar
Nikaido, Y. and Kawaguchi, I.: 1983, Solar Phys. 84, 49.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Nikolsky, G. M., Kim, I. S., Koutchmy, S., and Stellemacher, G.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys. 140, 112.
ADS Google Scholar
Orrall, F. Q. and Schmahl, E. J.: 1980, Astrophys. J. 240, 908.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Pikel’ner, S. B.: 1971, Solar Phys. 17, 44.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Pneuman, G. W.: 1983, Solar Phys. 88, 219.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Poland, A. I. and Tandberg-Hanssen, E.: 1983, Solar Phys. 84, 63.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Raadu, M. A.: 1979, IAU Colloq. 44, p. 167.
ADS Google Scholar
Rao, A. P. and Kundu, M. R.: 1980, Astron Astrophys. 80, 373.
ADS Google Scholar
Raoult, A., Lantos, P., and Fürst, E.: 1979, Solar Phys. 61, 335.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Roy, J. R.: 1973, Solar Phys. 28, 95.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Rust, D. M.: 1972, AFCRL-72-0048 (Sacramento Peak Observatory Project 7649).
Google Scholar
Rust, D. M., Hildner, E., and 11 co-authors: 1980, in P. A. Sturrock (ed.), Solar Flares, Skylab Workshop II, Colorado Assoc. Univ. Press, Boulder, Colorado, p. 273.
Google Scholar
Saito, K. and Tandberg-Hanssen, E.: 1973, Solar Phys. 31, 105.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Sahal-Bréchot, S.: 1984, Ann. Phys. France 9, 705.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Sakurai, T.: 1976, Puhl. Astron. Soc. Japan 28, 177.
ADS Google Scholar
Schmahl, E. J.: 1979, IAU Colloq. 44, 102.
ADS Google Scholar
Schmahl, E. J., Bobrowsky, M., and Kundu, M. R.: 1981, Solar Phys. 71, 311.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Schmahl, E. J., Mouradian, Z., Martres, M. J., and Soru-Escaut, I.: 1981, Solar Phys. 81, 91.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Schmieder, B., Vial, J.-C., Mein, P., and Tandberg-Hanssen, E.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys. 127, 337.
ADS Google Scholar
Serio, S., Vaiana, G. S., Godoli, G., Motta, S., Pirronello, V., and Zappala, R. A.: 1978, Solar Phys. 59, 65.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Steinolfson, R. S., Schmahl, E. J., and Wu, S. T.: 1979, Solar Phys. 63, 187.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Sturrock, P. A. (ed.): 1980, Solar Flares, Skylab Workshop II, Colorado Assoc. Univ. Press, Boulder, Colorado.
Google Scholar
Švestka, Z.: 1976, Solar Flares, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland.
Google Scholar
Tanaka, K.: 1976, Solar Phys. 47, 247.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Tandberg-Hanssen, E.: 1974, Solar Prominences, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland.
Google Scholar
Tandberg-Hanssen, E., Martin, S. F., and Hansen, R. T.: 1980, Solar Phys. 65, 357.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Tsubaki, T. and Takeuchi, A.: 1986, Solar Phys. (submitted).
Google Scholar
Uchida, U. and Shibata, K.: 1985, Solar Phys. (submitted).
Google Scholar
Vial, J. C.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 254, 780.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Webb, D. F. and Zirin, H.: 1981, Solar Phys. 69, 99.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Withbroe, G. L. and Noyes, R. W.: 1977, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 15, 363.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Yakovkin, N. A. and Zel’dina, M. Yu: 1964, Soviet Astron. — AJ 7, 643.
ADS Google Scholar
Ye, S.-H.: 1961, Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Obs. 25, 180.
Google Scholar
Zirin, H.: 1979, IAU Colloq. 44, p. 193.
ADS Google Scholar
Zirin, H. and Severny, A. B.: 1961, Observatory 81, 55.
Google Scholar

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Tokyo Astronomical Observatory, University of Tokyo, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181, Japan
Tadashi Hirayama

Authors

Tadashi Hirayama
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Laboratory for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
C. De Jager & Z. Švestka &

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hirayama, T. (1985). Modern Observations of Solar Prominences. In: De Jager, C., Švestka, Z. (eds) Progress in Solar Physics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4588-3_21

Download citation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4588-3_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8538-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4588-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics