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Cognition and Fact pp 161–178Cite as

The Proto-Ideas and Their Aftermath

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Part of the book series: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science ((BSPS,volume 87))

Abstract

The purpose of the present exploration is not to deal with the details of Fleck’s analysis of the scientific fact and its conceptual components. The purpose is rather to point to some trend in modern philosophy — as a matter of fact formulated at the time of Fleck’s writing of this major book — without assuming that Fleck was aware of those trends and their affinity with his own ‘style of thinking’. Hence we can say that we are concerned with the whole notion of ‘Pre-ideas ’ (Prä-Ideen) as formulated1 in several major philosophical presentations, or to take advantage of a historical expression -we are interested in the ‘climate of opinion’ in which or against which Fleck’s theory was formulated. To be sure, when Whitehead uses the term ‘climate of opinion’ he points to the understanding of the antecedents of a certain world-view.2 We are more concerned with the contemporary points of view than with that which preceded Fleck. One could say that we are interested in the contemporary milieu, in the philosophical sense, of Fleck’s position and its major issues.

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Notes

  1. “Prä-Ideen” — Fleck’s own expression — called also Archideen. My friend Professor Y. Elkana called my attention to the fact that the expression is Joseph Glanvill’s. I thank Professor Elkana for all the comments he made with regard to the present paper.

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  2. A. N. Whitehead: Science and the Modern World, Penguin Books, 1938, p. 14. The expression appears in Glanvill’s, The Vanity of Dogmatizing, Harvester Press, Hove Sussex, 1970 reproduction, p. 227.

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  3. Fleck: ‘On Foundations of Medical Knowledge’ is contained in: Thaddeus J. Trenn (tr.), Ludwik Fleck’s ‘On The Question of The Foundations of Medical Knowledge’, republished in The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 6 (1981), 237–256. The references contain among other items E. Schrödinger’s Ist die Naturwissenschaft Milieubedingt?, Barth, Leipzig, 1932. It is not clear to the present reader whether the article of Fleck in its original publication referred to that lecture of Schrödinger or it is an addendum of the editor Dr. Trenn.

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  4. The page numbers in the text refer to Ludwik Fleck: Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache. Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollektiv. Mit einer Einleitung herausgegeben von Lothar Schäfer und Thomas Schnelle, Suhrkamp, 1980, p. 131.

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  5. Ibid., p. 130-131.

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  6. Ibid., p. 38.

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  7. Ibid., p. 35.

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  8. Ibid., p. 140.

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  9. Ibid., p. 141.

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  10. Ibid., p. 31.

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  11. Ibid., p. 53.

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  12. Ibid., p. 50.

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  13. Ibid., p. 56-57.

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  14. Ibid.,p. 58.

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  15. Ibid., p. 62-63. As a matter of fact Max Weber uses the term ‘Lebensstil’, and ‘Lebensreglementierung’ implying a form of behaviour and representations of values of a certain group of people. Gesam. Aufsätze zur Religionssoziologie (Siebeck) Tübingen, pp. 43, 327-268.

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  16. Ibid., p. 148.

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  17. Ibid., p. 143.

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  18. Ibid., p. 122.

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  19. Ibid., p. 17.

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  20. Ibid., p. 124.

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  21. Ibid., pp. 132-133.

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  22. Ibid., p. 2.

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  23. This is a comment which probably is not unrelated to the various versions of the distinction between Naturwissenschaft and Kulturwissenschaft.

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  24. Hans Leisegang: Denkformen, Zweite neu bearbeitete Auflage, 1951, Walter de Gruyter & Co. Berlin, 1951, p. 11, note.

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  25. Ibid., p. 13.

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  26. Ibid., p. 15.

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  27. Ibid., p. 18.

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  28. Ibid., p. 22.

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  29. Ibid., p. 44.

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  30. Ibid., p.446.

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  31. Ibid., p. 444.

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  32. Eduard Spranger: Lebensformen, Geisteswissenschaftliche Psychologie und Ethik der Persönlichkeit (Fünfte vielfach verbesserte Auflage), Verlag von Max Niemeyer, Halle (Saale), 1925. Wittgenstein’s relation to the concept of ‘forms of Life’ has to be explored.

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  33. Vorwort p. IX.

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  34. Ibid., p. 407.

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  35. Ibid., p. 445.

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  36. Ibid., p. 445.

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  37. Ibid., p. 405.

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  38. Ibid., p. 360.

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  39. Ibid., p. 369 — text and footnote.

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  40. Ibid., p. 376.

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  41. Ibid., p. 124.

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  42. Ibid., p. 358.

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  43. Ibid., p. 112.

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  44. Ibid., p. 63.

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  45. Ibid., p. 122.

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  46. Ibid., p. 391.

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  47. Versuch zu einer Soziologie des Wissens, herausgegeben von Max Scheler, Verlag von Duncker & Humboldt, München und Leipzig, 1924.

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  48. Ibid., p. 493. Compare the chapter: ‘Die Lehre von Drei Tatsachen’, in Max Scheler: Schriften aus dem Nachlass Bd. 1 Zur Ethik und Erkenntnislehre (zweite, durchgesehene und erweiterte Auflage mit einem Anhang herausgegeben von Maria Scheler), Francke Verlag, Bern, 1957, p. 450ff.

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  49. Entstehung etc., p. 129.

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  50. Ibid., p. 129.

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  51. Ibid., p. 132.

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  52. ‘Beiträge zur Lösung der Frage vom Ursprung unseres Glaubens an die Realität der Aussenwelt und seinem Recht’, Ges. Schriften, V. Bd. B. T. Teubner Stuttgart, and Vandenhouck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, p. 105. It is obvious why Dilthey used the term ‘Glaube’ and not ‘Argument’ or ‘Beweis’.

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  53. Ibid., p. 104.

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  54. Ibid., p. 101.

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  55. Ibid., p. 98.

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  56. Max Scheler: Die Wissensformen und die Gesellschaft, Zweite, durchgesehene Auflage, Francke Verlag, Bern und München, 1960, p. 370.

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  57. Ibid., p. 374.

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  58. Max Scheler: Der Formalismus in der Ethik und die materiale Wertethik, Neuer Versuch der Grundlegung eines ethischen Personalismus, 4. Aufl. mit einem neuen Sachregister von Maria Scheler, Francke Verlag, Bern, 1954, p. 154.

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  59. Nicolai Hartmann: Zum Problem der Realitätsgegebenheit, Pan-Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin, 1931, p. 23.

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  60. Ibid., p. 56.

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  61. Ibid., p. 16.

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  62. Ibid., p. 27.

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  63. Ibid., p. 48, the Statement of Theodor Litt in the discussion of Hartmann’s presentation.

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  64. Ibid., p. 91.

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  65. Michel Foucault: The Order of Things. An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (transl. from the French), Tavistock Publications, London, 1970, p. xi.

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  66. Ibid., p. 242.

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  67. Ibid., p. 319.

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  68. Ibid., p. 344.

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  69. Ibid., p. 364.

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  70. Ibid., p. 371.

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  71. Michel Foucault: The Archaeology of Knowledge. Transl. from the French by A. M. Sheridan Smith Harper Colophon, New York, 1969, p. 33.

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  72. Ibid., p. 79.

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  73. Ibid., p. 127. Knowledge as ‘immature’ in its way is rightly pointed out in Ian Hacking: ‘Michel Foucault’s Immature Science’, Noûs 13 (1979), 39ff

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  74. Kr. d. v. Vernunft B, p. 867, Kemp-Smith, transl.

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  1. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

    Nathan Rotenstreich

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© 1986 D. Reidel Publishing Company

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Rotenstreich, N. (1986). The Proto-Ideas and Their Aftermath. In: Cognition and Fact. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol 87. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4498-5_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4498-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8504-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4498-5

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