Abstract
The contribution aims to give a perspective of the ever-expanding range and variety of methods of manufacturing rapidly-solidified (RS) particulates and the fundamental characteristics of their products. Particular attention will be given to more recent developments and to possible criteria for assessing their efficacy. These might include rating of the following capabilities:
-
(i)
to generate a required particle size or size distribution and particle morphology.
-
(ii)
to achieve a required structural state within the particulate.
-
(iii)
to successfully process materials of different characteristics such as fusibility and reactivity.
-
(iv)
to accommodate minimum levels of production volume and rate.
Criteria (i) and (ii) are closely linked and rather basic and will receive particular attention in the contribution. It is concluded that understanding of the mechanisms by which the various methods form and solidify the particulate is still largely in its infancy and that relationships between operating variables and RS structure remain to be determined for many of these production processes. In view of uncertainties concerning applicable cooling and solidification conditions for particular processes, there is some merit in ranking them in terms of their ability to produce a given microstructure or constitution at a particular particle size. Evaluation of properties as a function of RS microstructure or constitution and of variables in any subsequent consolidation remain fruitful areas of further study.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Jones in “Ultrarapid Quenching of Liquid Alloys” ed. H.Herman, Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 20,,Academic Press, New York, 1981, 1–71.
Jones H: Rapid Solidification of Metals and Alloys, Monograph No. 8, The Institution of Metallurgists, London, 1982, Ch.2.
Savage SJ and Froes FH, J. Metals, 1984, 36 (4), 20–23.
Maringer RE, SAMPE Quart., 1980, 11 (4), 30–34.
Lawley A, J. Metals, 1981, 33 (1), 13–18.
Grant NJ;(a) in “Advances in Pcwder Metallurgy”, ed. Chin GY, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio, 1982, 1–21; (b) in “High Strength Aluminium Powder Alloys”, ed. Koczak MJ and Hildeman GJ, The Met. Soc. of AIME, Warrendale, Pa, 1982, 3–18 and J. Metals, 1983, 35 (1), 20–27.
Miller SA; in “Amorphous Metallic Alloys”, ed. Luborsky FE, Butterworths, London, 1983, 506–520.
Butler IG, Kurz W, Gillot J and Lux B, Fibre Sci. and Techn., 1972, 5 243–262.
Hubert JC, Mollard F and Lux B, Z. Metallkunde, 1973, 64 835–843.
Manfré G and Servi G, Wire Industry, 1975, 42 281–286.
Anthony TR and Cline HE, (a) J. Appl. Phys., 1978, 49 829–837, (b) Cline HE and Anthony TR, G.E. Corporate R & D Report, 78CRDO66, April 1978.
Ohnaka I and Fukusako T, J. Jap. Inst. Light Metals, 1978, 42, 415–124.
Liebermann H H, J. Appl. Phys., 1979, 50 6773–8.
Aldinger F, Linck E and Clausen N, in “Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy”, Vol 9, Ed. Hausner H H and Taubenblat P V, MPIF/APMI, Princeton, NJ, 1977, 141–150.
Lacy L L et al, (a) J. Cryst. Growth, 1981, 51 47–60; (b) U.S. Pat. 4278083, 3rd Feb. 1981, (c) J. Appi. Phys., 1982, 682–9, (d) in “Materials Processing in the Reduced Gravity Environment of Space”, ed. Rindone G E, Elsevier North Holland, N.Y., 1982, 87–94.
Steinberg J, Lord A E, Lacy L L and Johnson J, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1981, 38 135–7.
Kendall J M et al, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 1982, 20 1091–3.
Lee M C, Kendall J M and Johnson W L, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1982, 40, 382–4.
Lee M C et al, as ref. 17, 95–104 and 105–113.
Johnson W C and Lee M C, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 1983, Al, 1568–70.
Lee M C, (a) SAMPE Journal, Nov./Dec. 1983, 7–11; (b) in Rapidly Quenched Metals, ed. Steeb S and Warlimont H, Elsevier North Holland, N.Y., 1985, 119–122.
Matei G, Biczak W, Huppmann W J and Claussen N, as ref. 14, 153–9.
Lierke E G and Griesshammer G, Ultrasonics, 1967, 5, 224–8
Ruthardt R and Lierke E G, in “Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy”, Vol. 12, ed. Hausner H H et al, APMI/MPIF, Princeton, N.J., 1981, 105–111.
Klar E and Shafer W M, in “Powder Metallurgy for High Performance Applications” ed. Burke J J and Weiss V, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, N.Y. 1972, 57–68.
Widmer R, ibid., 69–84.
Gummerson P U, ibid., 27–55.
Miller S A and Murphy R J, Scripta Met., 1979, 23 673–6.
Liddiard P D, in “P/M Aerospace Materials”, Vol. 1, M.P.R. Publishing Services, Shrewsbury, 1984, paper 26.
Smith P, ibid., paper 27, and Metal Powd. Rep., 1985, 40, 159–161.
Fortman W K and Ullman S, Metal Powder Report, 1984, 39 259–261.
Miller S A, presented at RQ5-Wirzburg, Sept. 1984, paper N38.
Couper M J and Singer R F, as ref. 21b, 1737–42.
Wentzell J M, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 1974, 11, 1035–37; S.M.E. Tech., Paper MF 72–503, 1972.
Singer A R E and Roche A D, as ref. 14, 127–140; Powder Met., 1980 23, 81–85.
Sankaran K K and Grant N J, Mater. Sci. Eng., 1980, 44, 213–217.
Ishii H, Naka M, Masumoto T, (a) Sci. Rep. Res. Inst., Tohoku Univ. A, 1981, A29 343–350; and (b) in “Rapidly Quenched Metals”, ed. Masumoto T and Suzuki H, The Japan Inst, of Metals, Sendai, 1982, 35–8.
Carbonara R S, Raman R V and Clauer A H, as ref. 37b, 141–4.
Onoyama T, Ando 0 and Minakuta T, U.K. Patent Appl., GB 2118080A, 26th October 1983.
Ohnaka I, Yamauchi I, Morimoto M and Fukusako T, J. Jap. Inst. Met., 47, 1010–15.
Ray R, U.S. Patents 4221587, 9th Sept. 1980; 4326841, 27th April 1982.
Goetzel C G, “Treatise on Powder Metallurgy”, Vol. 1, Interscience, N.Y. 1049, 43–5.
Ohnaka I, Fukusako T and Tsutsumi H., J. Jap. Inst. Met., 1982, 46, 1095–102.
Yamauchi I, Kawamoto S, Ohnaka I and Fukusako T, ibid., 1983, 47, 1016–21.
Raman R V, Patel A N and Carbonara R S, Progr. in Powd. Met., 1982, 99–105; Metal Powd. Report, 1984, 39 105–7.
Narasimha Rao and Sekhar J A, Mater. Lett., 1984, 2, 407–410.
Daugherty T S, (a) Progr. Powder Met., 1963, 19, 146–151; (b) J. Metals, 1964, No. 10, 827–830; (c) Powder Met., 1968, 342–357.
Cox A R, Moore J B and van Reuth E C, in “Superalloys: Metallurgy and Manufacture”, Proc. 3rd. Internat. Symp., ed. Kear E H et al, Claitor’s. Baten Rouge, La, 1976, 45–53.
Kaiafmann A R and Muller W C, in “Beryllium Technology”, Vol. 1, ed. Schetky L M and Johnson H A, Gordon and Breach, N.Y., 1966, 629–646, Kaufmann A R, U.S. Patent, 3099041, 30th July 1963.
Sastry S M L, Peng T C, Meschter P J and O’Neal J E, J. Metals, 1983, No. 9, 21–28; Metal Powder Report, 1984, 39, 537–8.
Konitzer D G, Walters K W, Heiser E L and Fraser HL, Met. Trans. B, 1984, 15B, 149–153.
Devillard and Herteman J P, in “Powder Metallxirgy of Titanium Alloys”, ed. Froes F H and Smugeresky J E, The Met. Soc. AIME, Warrendale, Pa, 1980, 59–70.
Loewenstein P, (a) Progr. Powder Met., 1981, 37, 9–21; (b) Metal Powder Report, 1981, 36 59–64.
Hodkin D J, Sutcliffe P W, Mardon P G and Russell L E, Powder Met., 1973, 16, 277–313.
Perel J et al, (a) in “Rapid Solidification Processing: Principles and Technologies”, ed. Mehrabian R et al, Claitor’s, Baton Rouge, La, 1978, 258–269, (b) ibid. II, 1980, 287–293, (c) in “Advances in Metal Processing”, ed. Burke J J et al. Plenum, N.Y., 1981, 79–89, (d) in “Rapidly Solidified Amorphous and Crystalline Alloys”, ed. Kear B H et al, Elsevier North Holland, N.Y., 1982, 131–6.
Clampitt R et al, in “Rapidly Quenched Metals III”, Vol. 1, ed. Cantor B, The Metals Society, 1978, 57–62.
Maringer R E and Mobley CE, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 1974, 11, 1067–71, Maringer R E, Rudnick A and Mobley C E, U.S. Pat. 3904344, 9th Sept. 1975.
Ray R et al, (a) Met. Progr., 1982, 121, No.7, 29–31; (b) as ref. 38, 1515–19; (c) J. Metals, 1983, 35(6) 30–35; (d) Metal Powder Report, 1984, 287–9; (e) U.S. Patents 4347076, 31st Aug. 1982, 4359352, 16th Nov. 1982; 4379720, 12th April 1983; 4402745, 6th Sept. 1983; 4400212, 23rd Aug. 1983; 4405368, 20th Sept. 1983; 4403115, 7th Febr. 1984.
Whang S H and Giessen B C, Mater. Letters, 1984, 2, 230–1.
Ray R, U.S. Patent 4290808, 22nd Sept. 1981.
Maeland A J and Libowitz G G, Mater. Letters, 1982, 1, 3–5.
Berkowitz A E and Walter J L, (a) in “Rapid Solidification Processing: Principles and Technologies II”, ed. Mehrabian R et al, Claitor’s Baton Rouge, La., 1980, 294–305; (b) Mater. Sci. Eng., 1982, 55 275–87.
Enokizono M and Narita M, Jap. J. Appl. Phys., 1981, 20 2423–4.
Rasmussen D H, Perepezko J H and Loper C R, in “Rapidly Quenched Metals”, ed. Grant N J and Giessen B C, MIT Press, Cambridge, Ma., 1976, 51–58.
Perepezko J H, Mater. Sci. Eng., 1984, 65, 125–135.
Kattamis T Z and Mehrabian R, J. Vac. Sci, Technol., 1974, 11, 1118–22.
Lux B, Haour G and Mollard F, as ref. 62a, 429–439.
Drdiman A J, Greer A L and Turnbull D, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1982, 41, 716–17.
Ohnuma S., Nakanouchi Y and Masumoto T, as ref. 21 (b), 1117–24.
Koch C C, Cavin O B, McKamey C G and Scarborough J O, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1983, 43, 1017–19.
Schwarz R B, presented at RQ5-Wirzburg, Sept. 194, paper K71.
Yeh X L et al, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1983, 42, 242–244.
Schwarz R B and Johnson W L, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1983, 51 415–418.
Van Rossum M, Nicolet M A and Johnson W L, Phys. Rev. B., 1984, 20, 5598–5503.
Atzmon M, Verhoeven J D, Gibson E D and Johnson W L, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1984, 45, 1052–53.
Singer A R E.Ta) Light Metal Age, 1974, 32 (9,10), 5–8, (b) as ref. 55a, 154–64, (c) Proc. Agard Conf. 256 “Advanced Fabrication Techniques”, Florence 1978, Publ. 1979, Paper 19; (d) Powder Met. 1980, 23, 172–5.
Kim M H and Jones H (a) as ref. 37b, 85–88; (b) as ref. 21b, 139–142.
Singer A R E and Kisakurek S E, Metals Technol., 1976, 3, 565–570.
Singer ARE, Hodkin D J, Sutcliffe P W and Mardon P G, 1983, 10, 105–110.
Shingu PH., Shimomura K and Ozaki R, Trans. Jap. Inst. Met., 1979, 80 33–5.
Miura H, Isa S, Omura K and Tanigumi N, Trans. Jap. Inst. Met., 1981, 22 597–606; as ref. 37(b) 43–6.
Warlimont H and Kunzmann P, as ref. 64, 197–204.
Moss M, Acta Mat., 1968, 68 321–6; Moss M and Schuster D M, Trans. Amer. Soc. Metals, 1969, 62 201–5.
Krishnanand K D and Cahn R W, as ref. 64, 67–75; Cahn R W, as ref. 55a, 129–139.
Giessen B C, Madhara N M, Murphy R J, Ray R and Surette J, Met. Trans. A, 1977, 8A, 364–6.
Jackson M R, Rairden J R, Smith J S and Smith R W, J. Metals, 1981, 33 (11), 23–26.
Singer A R E, Metals Technology, 1984, 11, 99–104; U.S. Patent 4224356, 23rd Sept. 1980.
Jones H, as ref. 64, 1–27.
Singer ARE, Coombs J S and Leatham A G, in “Modern Developments, in Powder Metallurgy”, Vol. 8, ed. Hausner H H and Smith W E, Plenum, N.Y. 1974, 263–280.
Pond R B and Winter J M, Mater. Sci. Eng., 1976, 23, 87–89.
Thompson J S, J. Inst. Met., 1948, 74, 101–132.
Immura K and Takada T, J. Jap. Soc. Powd. Met., 1963, 10, 153–9; Trans. Nat. Res. Inst. Metals, 1963, 5, 82–86.
Hirata T, J. Jap. Soc. Powd. Met., 1964, 11, 29–32.
Silaev A F, Soc. Powd. Met. Met. Ceramics, 1967, 5(3), 350–353.
Nichiporenko O S, ibid, 1967, 60 947–949.
Balasubramanian MSN and Tendolkar, Indian J. Technol., 1968, 6, 205–212.
Tamura K and Wanikawa S, Trans. Nat. Res. Inst. Metals, 1968, 10, 196–7.
Small S and Bruce T J, Internat. J. Powd. Met., 1968, 4(3), 7–17.
Rao P et al, (a) J. Vac. Sci.Technol, 1970, 7 5132–6, (b) in “Chemica’70”, Butterworths, 1971, 1–16.
Domsa A and Berkovits S, in “Modern Developments in Provider Metallurgy” Vol. 4, ed. Hausner H H, Plenum, N.Y., 1971, 63–74
Grandzol R J and Tallmadge J A, (a) AIChEJ., 1973, 19, 1149–58; (b) Internat. J. Powd. Met. and Powd. Technol., 1975, 11, 103–114.
Sundaresan R, Krishnan R V and Raghuram A C, PMAI News Letter, 1977 3(2), 4–9.
Glickstein M R, Patterson R J and Shockey N E, in ref. 62, 46–62.
Lawley A, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1978, 8, 49–71.
See J B and Johnston G H, Powder Technol., 1978, 21, 119–133.
Tallmadge J A, in “Powder Metallurgy Processing: New Techniques and Analyses”, ed. Kuhn H A and Lawley A, Academic, N.Y., 1978, 48 1–32.
Dunkley J J, Wire Industry, 1978, 48, 365–371.
Vanstone R H, Rizzo F J and Radavich J F, as ref. 62a, 260–272.
Anand A, Kaufman A J and Grant N J, as ref. 62a, 273–285.
Champagne B and Angers R, (a) Internat. J. Powd. Met. and Powd. Technol., 1980, 16, 259–67; (b) as ref 24, 83–104; (c) Powd. Met. Internat., 1984, 16 125–8.
Roberts P R and Loewenstein P, as ref. 52, 21–35.
Mehrotra S P and Khedkar P Y, Trans. Ind. Inst. Met., 1980, 33, 361–6.
Rao K P and Mehrotra S P, as ref. 24, 113–130.
Neubing H C, Powder Met. Internat. 1981, 13 74–78.
Tien J K and Howson T E, as ref. 6a, 155–187.
Patterson R J, Ledwith D L and Dwyer J C, in “Processing of Metal and Ceramic Powders”, ed. German R M and Lay K W, The Met. Soc. of AIME Warrendale, Pa., 1982, 33–47.
Hildeman G J, Lege D J and Vasudevan A K, as ref. 6b, 249–76.
Uygur E M, Metal Powd. Rep., 1982, 37, 229–238.
Hugo P E and German R M, Internat. J. Powd. Met. and Powd. Technol., 1982, 18 301–311; as ref. 116, 49–64.
Nagarjuna N, Mukherjee A and Mukunda P G, Internat. J. Powd. Met. and Powd. Technol., 1983, 19, 91–96.
Tsipunov, Temovoi Y F, Kuratchenko S B and Kuimova O M, Sov. Powd. Met. Met. Ceramics, 1983, 22, 788–793.
Koria S C and Lange K W, Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1983, 10, 160–8.
Meschter P J, O’Neal J E and Lederich R J, in “Aluminium-Lithium Alloys II”, ed. Starke E A and Sanders T H, The Met. Soc. of AIME, Warrendale, Pa., 1984, 419–432.
Brooks R G, Leatham A G and Moore C. in “Powder Metallurgy Super-alloys”: Aerospace Materials for the 1980’s, Vol. 2, Metal Pcwder Report, Shrewsbury, 1980.
Dunstan G R et al, Progr. in Powder Met., 1981, 37, 23–38.
Klar E and Fesko J W, ibid., 47–66.
Voss D P, in “Modem Developments in Powder Metallurgy”, Vol. 13, ed. Hausner H H, MPIF/APMI, Princeton, N.J., 1981, 467–481.
Anon., Metal Powder Report, 1983, 38 563–6.
Kim M H, Thesis Ph D, Sheffield, 1982, guoted by Jones H in “Rapidly Solidified Metastable Materials”, ed. Kear B H and Glessen B C, Elsevier North-Holland, New York, 1984, 303–315.
Walton W H and Prewett W C, Proc. Phys. Soc. 1949, 62 341–350.
Fraser R P and Eisenklam E P, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 1956, 34, 294–319.
Busk R S, Light Metals, 1960, 23, 197–200.
Dunskii V F and Nikitin N V, J. Eng. Phys., 1965, 9(1), 41–45.
Fraser R P, Dombrowski N and Routley J H, J. Inst. Fuel, 1963, 36, 316–329.
Lubanska H, J. Metals, 1970, 22(2), 45–49.
Bradley D, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 1973, 6, 1724–36, 2267–72.
Mehrotra S P, Powd. Met. Internat., 1981, 31 80–84, 132–5.
Joly P A and Mehrabian R, J. Mater. Sci., 1974, 9, 1446–55.
Kattamis T Z and Mehrabian R, J. Mater. Sci., 1974, 9, 1040–3.
Acrivos C, J. Mater. Sci., 1976, 11, 1159–60, 1752–3.
Towner R J, Met. Progr., 1958, 73(5), 70–76, 176, 178.
Lyle J P and Cebulak W S, (a) as ref. 25, 231–254, (b) Met. Trans. A, 1975, 6A 685–9, (c) as ref. 55a, 324–333.
Domalavage P K, Grant N J and Gefen Y, Met. Trans. A., 1983, 14A, 1599–1606.
Clyne T W, Ricks R A and Goodhew P J, as ref. 21b, 903–6.
Levi C G and Mehrabian R, Met. Trans. A, 1982, 13A, 13–23.
Kaufman M J and Fraser HL, Met. Trans. A, 1983, 14A, 623–31.
Couper M J (a) as ref. 29, paper 28, (b) Baumann R and Couper M J, to be published.
Wang W and Grant N J, Internat. J. Rapid Solidification, 1984/5,
Takigawa H, Manto H, Kawai N and Homma K, Powder Met., 1981, 24, 196–202.
Kato T, Metal Powder Report, 1983, 38 505–8.
Holiday P R, Cox A R and Patterson R J, as ref. 55a, 246–257.
Cosandey F, Kissinger R D and Tien J K, as ref. 55d, 173–8.
VanStone R H, Rizzo R J and Radavich J F, as ref. 62a, 260–272.
Ranger A A and Nicholls J A, AIAA Journal, 1969, 7 285–290.
Kurten H et al, Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 1966, 38, 941–8.
Anon., Metal Powder Report, 1983, 38 513–14.
Broderick T F, Jackson A G, Jones H and Froes F H, Met.Trans. A, November 1985, 16 (11).
Boswell P G and Chadwick G A, Scripta Met., 1977, 11, 459–465.
Drehman A J and Turnbull D, Scripta Met., 1981, 15, 543–8.
Yamaguchi T and Narita K, (a) IEEE Trans. Magnetics, Vol. MAG-13, No. 5, Sept. 1977, 1621–3; (b) Appl. Phys. Lett., 1978, 33, 468–470.
Safai S and Herman H, as ref. 1, 183–214.
Munawar Chaijdri M and Hutchings I M, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1984, 3 79–82.
Walter J L and Berkowitz A E, Mater. Sci. Eng., 1984, 67 169–177.
Berkowitz A E, Livingston J D and Walter J L, J. Appl. Phys., 1984, 55 2106–8.
Paton N E, Bampton C C and Ghosh A K, in Proc. ICSMA6, Vol. 2, ed. Gifkins R C, Pergamon, N.Y., 1983, 713–719.
Thursfield Get al, (a) Fizika, 1970, 2 Suppl. 2, paper 19, (b) J. Mater. Sci., 1974, 9, 1644–60.
Dickson J, Okazaki K and Sanders T H, U.S. Pat. 4389258, 21st June 1983.
Skinner D J and Okazaki K, Scripta Met., 1984, 18, 905–9.
Sheppard T and Chare P J M, Powder Met., 1972, 15, 17–41.
Chare P J M and Sheppard T, (a) Powder Met., 1973, 16 437–58, (b) Internat. J. Powd. Met. and Powd. Technol., 1974, 10, 203–215.
Sheppard T, McShane H B, Zaidi M A and Tan G H, J. Mech. Work.Technol. 1983, 8, 43–70.
Sheppard T and Greasley, Powder Met., 1978, 21, 155–162.
Savage S J and Jones H, as ref. 37b, 159–162.
Grant N J, Proc. 3rd. Nordic High Temperature Symposium, Vol. 1, ed. Rasmussen J G, Polyteknisch Forlag, 1973.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jones, H. (1986). Production and Characterization of Rapidly-Solidified Particulates. In: Sahm, P.R., Jones, H., Adam, C.M. (eds) Science and Technology of the Undercooled Melt. Nato Asi Series, vol 114. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4456-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4456-5_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8483-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4456-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive