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The Role of Organic Matter in Modern Agriculture pp 117–156Cite as

Effect of soil redox conditions on microbial oxidation of organic matter

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Part of the book series: Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences ((DPSS,volume 25))

Abstract

Soils undergo varying redox changes as a result of restricted gaseous exchange, increased soil-water content due to poor drainage, and flooding or incorporation of highly O2 demanding carbonaceous wastes. Depending on the intensity of these conditions, soil O2 can decrease to negligible concentrations, thus decreasing the aerobic soil volume and increasing the anaerobic soil volume. The microbial populations which thrive on O2 decrease and facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes which rely on other sources of electron acceptors predominate. The rate at which these bacteria obtain energy for their growth and cell maintenance depends on the oxidation-reduction reactions utilizing specific inorganic or organic molecules as electron acceptors and substrate availability. Depending on the redox status of the soil, two general types of microbial metabolisms are found: (1) processes utilizing inorganic substances (O2, nitrogen oxides such as NO− 3, NO− 2, NO, N2O, manganic compounds, ferric oxyhydroxide compounds, SO2− 4, CO2, and H2), and (2) fermentative processes in which organic molecules (succinate) are utilized as electron acceptors. Under substrate nonlimiting conditions and in the absence of competition among electrons, these types of microbial metabolisms can occur simultaneously in different soil zones of the same soil. For example, in a typically well-drained soil, O2 can be used as an electron acceptor during respiration of aerobic bacteria, while in anaerobic microzones, NO− 3, and manganese compounds are used as electron acceptors during respiration of facultative anaerobic bacteria.

Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations, Journal Series No 5316.

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Authors
  1. K. R. Reddy
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  2. T. C. Feijtel
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  3. W. H. Patrick Jr.
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israël

    Y. Chen

  2. Department of Soils and Fertilizers, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, The Technion, Haifa, Israël

    Y. Avnimelech

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© 1986 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht

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Reddy, K.R., Feijtel, T.C., Patrick, W.H. (1986). Effect of soil redox conditions on microbial oxidation of organic matter. In: Chen, Y., Avnimelech, Y. (eds) The Role of Organic Matter in Modern Agriculture. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4426-8_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4426-8_6

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