Abstract
Most applied nitrogen fixation research currently conducted focuses on the important legume-Rhizobium symbiosis. Progress is being made towards increasing the level of nitrogenase activity in the nodule, increasing the flow of carbon to the nodule, decreasing the waste of electrons through hydrogen evolution and increasing the competitiveness of useful Rhizobium strains. Because of the intimate association between Rhizobium and the root, Rhizobium strains with certain foreign genes may be useful to protect the plant from certain pests. Opportunities from research with other nitrogen-fixing bacteria include several approaches aimed towards obtaining cereal plants with the capability to fix nitrogen. Direct genetic engineering of nif genes as well as optimizing bacteria-root associations are being examined.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bentley, B. 1984. Nitrogen fixation in termites: fate of newly fixed nitrogen. J. Insect Physiol. 30:653–655.
Bishop, P. E., F. B. Dazzo, E. R. Applebaum, R. J. Maier and W. J. Brill. 1977. Intergeneric transfer of genes involved in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Science 198:138–140.
Brewin, N. J., T. M. DeJong, D. A. Phillips and A. W. B. Johnston. 1980. Contransfer of determinants for hydrogenase activity and nodulation ability in Rhizobium leguminosarum. Nature (London) 288:77–79.
Breznak, J. A., W. J. Brill, J. W. Mertins and H. C. Coppel. 1973. Nitrogen fixation in termites. Nature (London) 244:577–580.
Brill, W. J. and W. C. von Meyer. 1985. Method and composition for control of termite and shipworms. U.S. Patent Number 4,504,468.
Dazzo, F. B. 1982. Leguminous root nodules. Pp. 431–466 in R. G. Burns and J. H. Slater, eds., Experimental Microbial Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
den Broeck, G.V., M. P. Timko, A. P. Kausch, A. R. Cashmore, M. V. Montagu and L. Herrera-Estrella. 1985. Targeting of a foreign protein to chloroplasts by fusion to the transit peptide from the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Nature (London) 313:358–363.
Dixon, R. A. and J. R. Postgate. 1972. Genetic transfer of nitrogen fixation from Klebsiella pneumoniae to Escherichia coli. Nature (London) 237:102–103.
Dixon, R. O. D. 1978. Nitrogenase-hydrogenase interrelationships in rhizobia. Biochimie 60:233–236.
Eady, R. R. and J. R. Postgate. 1974. Nitrogenase. Nature (London) 249:805–810.
Ela, S. W., M. A. Anderson and W. J. Brill. 1982. Screening and selection of maize to enhance associative bacterial nitrogen fixation. Plant Physiol. 70:1564–1567.
Emerich, D. W., T. Ruiz-Arqueso, T. M. Ching and H. J. Evans. 1979. Hydrogen-dependent nitrogenase activity and ATP formation in Rhizobium japonicum bacteroids. J. Bacteriol. 173:153–160.
Evans, H. J., F. J. Hanus, S. A. Russell, A. R. Harker, G. R. Lambert and D. A. Dalton. 1985. Biochemical characterization, evaluation, and genetics of H 2 recycling in Rhizobium. Pp. 3–11 in P. W. Ludden and J. E. Burris, eds., Nitrogen Fixation and CO 2 Metabolism. Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
Gatenby, A. A., J. A. Castleton and M. W. Saul. 1981. Expression in E. coli of maize and wheat chloroplast genes for large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. Nature (London) 291:117–121.
Gordon, J. K and W. J. Brill. 1972. Mutants that produce nitrogenase in the presence of ammonia. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 69: 3501–3503.
Handelsman, J. and W. J. Brill. 1985. Erwinia herbicola isolates from alfalfa plants may play a role in nodulation of alfalfa by Rhizobium meliloti. Appl. and Environ. Microbiol. 49:818–821.
Handelsman, J., R. A. Ugalde and W. J. Brill. 1984. Rhizobium meliloti competitiveness and the alfalfa agglutinin. J. Bacteriol. 157:703–707.
Haugland, R. A., M. A. Cantrell, J. S. Beaty, F. J. Hanus, S. A. Russell and H. J. Evans. 1984. Characterization of Rhizobium japonicum hydrogen uptake genes. J. Bacteriol. 159:1006–1012.
Hanus, F. J., R. J. Maier and H. J. Evans. 1979. Autotropic growth of H 2-uptake positive strains of Rhizobium japonicum in an atmosphere supplied with H 2 gas. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 76:1788–1792.
Horn, S. S. M., L. A. Graham and R. J. Maier. 1985. Isolation of genes (nif/hup cosmids) involved in hydrogenase and nitrogenase activities in Rhizobium japonicum. J. Bacteriol. 161:882–887.
Keyser, H., D. F. Weber and S. L. Uratsu. 1984. Rhizobium japonicum serogroup and hydrogenase phenotype distribution in 12 states. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:613–615.
MacNeil, T., D. MacNeil, G. P. Roberts, M. A. Supiano and W. J. Brill. 1978. Fine-structure mapping and complementation analysis of nif (nitrogen fixation) genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Bacteriol. 136:253–266.
Maier, R. J., P. E. Bishop and W. J. Brill. 1978. Transfer of genes required for nodulation from Rhizobium japonicum to Azotobacter vinelandii. J. Bacteriol. 134:1199–1201.
Maier, R. J. 1981. Rhizobium japonicum mutant strains unable to grow chemoautotrophically with H 2. J. Bacteriol. 145:533–540.
Merberg, D. and R. J. Maier. 1983. Mutants of Rhizobium japonicum with increased hydrogenase activity. Science 220:1064–1065.
Merrick, M. and R. Dixon. 1984. Why don’t plants fix nitrogen? Trends in Biotechnol. 2:162–166.
Nivea-Gomez, D., G. P. Roberts, S. Klevickis and W. J. Brill, 1980. Electron transport to nitrogenase in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 77:2555–2558.
Noel, K. D. and W. J. Brill. 1980. Diversity and dynamics of indigenous Rhizobium japonicum populations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:931–938.
Paau, A. S., W. T. Leps and W. J. Brill. 1981. Agglutinin from alfalfa necessary for binding and nodulation by Rhizobium meliloti. Science 213:1513–1514.
Roberts, G. P., W. T. Leps, L. E. Silver and W. J. Brill. 1980. Use of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to identify and classify Rhizobium strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:414–422.
Roberts, G. P., T. MacNeil, D. MacNeil and W. J. Brill. 1978. Regulation and characterization of protein products coded by the nif (nitrogen fixation) genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Bacteriol. 136:267–279.
Shah, V. K. and W. J. Brill. 1977. Isolation of an iron-molybdenum cofactor from nitrogenase. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 74:3249–3253.
Shah, V. K., J. R. Chisnell and W. J. Brill. 1978. Acetylene reduction by the iron-molybdenum cofactor from nitrogenase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 81:232–236.
Shah, V. K., G. Stacey and W. J. Brill. 1983. Electron transport to nitrogenase: purification and characterization of pyruvate: flavodoxin oxidoreductase, the nifJ gene product. J. Biol. Chem. 258:12064–12068.
Shah, V. K., R. A. Ugalde, J. Imperial and W. J. Brill. 1984. Molybdenum in nitrogenase. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 53:231–257.
Silverman, M. and M. Simon. 1980. Phase variation: genetic switching mutants. Cell 19: 845–854.
Simpson, F. B. and R. H. Burris. 1984. A nitrogen pressure of 50 atmospheres does not prevent evolution of hydrogen by nitrogenase. Science 224:1095–1097.
Su, N-Y., M. Tamashiro, J. R. Yates, and M. I. Haverty. 1982. Effect of behavior on the evaluation of insecticides for prevention of or remedial control of the Formosan subterranean termite. J. Econ. Entom. 75:188–193.
Tilak, K. V. B. R., K. Schneider and H. G. Schlegel. 1984. Autotrophic growth of strains of Rhizobium and properties of isolated hydrogenase. Curr. Microbiol. 10:49–59.
van Berkum, P. and B. B. Bohlool. 1980. Evaluation of nitrogen fixation by bacteria in association with roots of tropical grasses. Microbiol. Rev. 44:491–517.
Yoch, D. C., J. R. Benemann, R. C. Valentine and D. I. Arnon. 1969. The electron transport system in nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter. II. Isolation and function of a new type of ferredoxin. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 64:1404–1410.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brill, W.J. (1986). Agricultural opportunities from nitrogen fixation research. In: Augustine, P.C., Danforth, H.D., Bakst, M.R. (eds) Biotechnology for Solving Agricultural Problems. Beltsville Symposia in Agricultural Research, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4396-4_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4396-4_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8455-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4396-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive