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Vulnerability to Toxic or Therapeutic Immunomodulation — As Two Complementary Aspects of Age and Nutrition Dependent Immunodeficiency

  • Chapter
Immunotoxicology

Part of the book series: Developments in Hematology and Immunology ((DIHI,volume 16))

Abstract

The aim of this communication is to increase awareness to specific problems of certain population sectors whose immunological system may be more sensitive to toxic damage than the normally functioning system. Indeed, the title of the presentation was selected with three considerations in mind: (a) It is possible and instructive to compare therapeutic immunomodulation, with which there is relatively more experience, and immunotoxicity, and by doing so to gain better insight into the general rules and potential mechanisms of toxic effects on the immune system. Moreover, therapeutic immunomodulatory agents are known to cause immunotoxicity under certain circumstances (Shoham, 1984a) and, in principle, the reversed situation is also possible. (b) Conditions of “deficiency”,“in sufficiency” or “failure” of the immune system may amplify or modify the effect of either type of agents. Accordingly, these conditions call for more caution and specific attention to potential adverse effects of such agents, which could cause further deterioration of the deficient immune system. Moreover, conditions of immunodeficiency are important targets for the therapeutic use of immunomodulating agents and these conditions may give rise to toxicity rather than benefit as as an outcome of this therapeutic manipulation. (c) There are certain similarities between the effect of age (either too young or too old) and malnutrition on the immune system, which justify considering them together in connection with potential toxic damage.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, II - 52000, Ramat Can, Israel

    J. Shoham

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  1. J. Shoham
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg

    A. Berlin (Health and Safety Directorate) (Health and Safety Directorate)

  2. Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

    J. Dean

  3. International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    M. H. Draper  & E. M. B. Smith  & 

  4. Institute of Pharmacological Research “Mario Negri”, Milan, Italy

    F. Spreafico

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Shoham, J. (1987). Vulnerability to Toxic or Therapeutic Immunomodulation — As Two Complementary Aspects of Age and Nutrition Dependent Immunodeficiency. In: Berlin, A., Dean, J., Draper, M.H., Smith, E.M.B., Spreafico, F. (eds) Immunotoxicology. Developments in Hematology and Immunology, vol 16. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4307-0_28

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4307-0_28

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