Abstract
The blood supply to the brain and the cranial part of the spinal cord is derived from the great vessels which arise from the aortic arch in the superior mediastinum: the brachiocephalic trunk, and the left common carotid and subclavian arteries. Most interest about the detection and treatment of cerebral atherosclerosis concerns the internal carotid arteries because about 80% of the total blood flow through the brain tissue is transported by these vessels. Moreover, this part of the cerebrovascular tree is easily accessible to diagnostic techniques and surgical procedures. However, since the vertebral arteries are often as large as, and sometimes larger than, the internal carotid arteries at the point where they penetrate the dura and since they supply the vital centers of the brain stem, a careful and reliable investigation of the innominate subclavian-vertebral arterial system in patients with cerebral arterial disease is also important.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Netter F: the Ciba Collection of Medical Illustrations. Nervous System, Anatomy Physiology, Vol. 1, Part 1. 1983.
Pernkoff E: Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy. Head and Neck ( Saunders WB, publishers ). Philadelphia, 1963.
Wright ML: Dissection study and measuration of the human aortic arch. Journal of Anatomy, 104: 377–385. 1969.
Daseler EL, Anson BJ: Surgical anatomy of the subclavian artery and its branches. Surgery. Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 108: 149–174, 1959.
Bosniak MA: An analysis of some anatomic-roentgenologic aspects of the brachiocephalic vessels. American Journal of Roentgenology, 91: 1222–1231 1964.
Jonkman EJ, Mosmans PC: Basic anatomy, physiology and pathology of human cerebral circula-tion. In: Reneman RS, Hocks APG, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd (gds.), Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease, 1 28, 1982.
Picard L, Vignaud J, Lombardi G, Roland J: Radiological anatomy of the origin of the ophthalmic artery. In: Modern Problems in Ophthalmology, Vol. 14, Karger, Basel 164–169, 1975
S. Pavne EE. Spillane JD: The cervical some. An anatomico-pathological studv of 70 specimens (using a special technique) with particular reference to the problem and cervical spondylosis. Brain, 80: 571–596, 1957.
Lazorthes G: Pathology, classification and clinical aspects of vascular diseases of the spinal cord. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (ed.), Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 12, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 492–506,1972.
Willis T: Opera omnia: cerebri anatome, cui accesit nervorum descriptio et usus, Flesher J, London, 1664.
Padget DH: The circule of Willis. Its embryology and anatomy. In: Intracranial arterial aneurysms, ed. Danoy WE, Cormstock Publishing Company, New York, 1947.
Alpers BJ, Berry RG: Circle of Willis in cerebrovascular disorders. The anatomical structure. Archives of Neurology, 8, 398–402, 1963.
Riggs HE, Rupp CH: Variations in form of circle of Willis. The relation of the variations to collateral circulation: anatomic analysis. Archives of Neurology, 8: 8–14, 1963.
Fetterman GH, Moran TJ: Anomalies of the circle of Willis in relation to cerebral softening. Archives of Pathology, 32, 251–257, 1941.
Pitts FW: Variations of collateral circulation in internal carotid occlusion. Comparison of clinical and x-ray findings. Neurology 12: 467–471, 1962.
Kameyama M, Okinaka S: Collateral circulation of the brain. With special reference to athe-rosclerosis of the major cervical and cerebral arteries. Neurology, 13: 279–286, 1982.
Fogelholm R, Vuolio M. The collateral circulation via the ophthalmic artery in internal carotid aratery thrombosis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 45: 78–86, 1969.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ackerstaff, R. (1987). Normal anatomy, anatomical anomalies and collateral pathways of the blood supply to the brain. In: Spencer, M.P. (eds) Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Cerebrovascular Disease. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 61. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4305-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4305-6_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8413-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4305-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive