Abstract
Invasive monitoring is the product of almost 20 years of intensive technological development of devices and approaches applicable in the operating room and critical care unit. Most anesthesiologists think of pulmonary artery catheter and placement of catheters in one or more arteries as invasive monitoring. Actually invasive monitoring also includes the use of the esophageal stethoscope, urinary bladder catheter, probes placed in or near the endotracheal tube to measure inspired and end-expired gases, temperature sensitive catheters placed in the rectum, esophagus, nasal pharanyx or other orifaces, needles with pressure transducers or electrodes sensitive to changes in gas tensions, electrolytes and proteins placed in tissues, arteries or veins, electrodes placed next to or underneath the conjunctiva of the eye designed to measure PaO2 and PaCO2, and numerous other evolving methodologies aimed at recording physiologic and pharmacologic information.
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© 1986 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht
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Stanley, T.H. (1986). The Use of Invasive Monitoring Technqiues in Cardiac Surgery. In: De Lange, S., Hennis, P.J., Kettler, D. (eds) Cardiac Anaesthesia: Problems and Innovations. Developments in Critical Care Medicine and Anaesthesiology, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4265-3_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4265-3_6
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