Skip to main content

The Effects of Processing Variables on the Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Thermoplastics

  • Chapter
Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Thermoplastics

Abstract

The addition of a second, rigid phase to a polymer in order to form a composite is attractive for either property improvement or cost reduction. In the latter case, the inexpensive particulate mineral fillers used rarely contribute to enhanced mechanical properties. Reinforcing agents require some degree of angularity. Fibers, flakes and acicular minerals reinforce along the direction(s) of their largest dimension(s). The mechanics of the stress transfer process are treated fully in Chapter 2.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mandell, J. F., Darwish, A. Y. and McGarry, F. J., ‘Fracture testing of injection molded glass and carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics’, ASTM Symp. on Test Methods and Design Allowables for Fibrous Composites, Dearborn, MI, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  2. McNally, D. L., Freed, W. T, Shaner, J. R. and Sell, J. W., Polym. Eng. Sci, 1978, 18, 396.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Darlington, M. W. and Smith, G. R, Polymer, 1975, 16, 459.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Moskal, E. A., Plastics Design and Processing 1977, 17 (1), 10.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Stade, K, Polym. Eng. Sci., 1977, 17, 50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lunt, J. M. and Shortall, J. B., Plastics and Rubber: Processing, 1979, 4 (3), 108.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hamed, P. and Coran, A. Y., in Additives for Plastics, Vol. I, R. B. Seymour (Ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1978, p. 29.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Schlich, W. R, Hagan, R. S., Thomas, J. R., Thomas, D. P. and Musselman, K. A, SPE J., Feb. 1968, 24, 43.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Maschmeyer, R. O. and Hill, C. T., Trans. Soc. Rheol., 1977, 21, 183, 195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Milewski, J. V., Plastics Compounding Nov./Dec. 1979, 17.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Katz, H. S. and Milewski, J. V., Handbook of Fillers and Reinforcements for Plastics, Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  12. White, J. L. and Spruiell, J. E., Polym. E.G. Sci., 1983, 23, 247; 1981, 21, 859.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Pipes, R. B., McCullough, R L. and Taggert, D. G., Polymer Composites, 1982, 3, 34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Goettler, L. A, 25th Conference SPIDiv. Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Washington, DC, 1970, Section 14A

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hochschild, R, Materials Evaluation, 1968, 26 (1), 35A

    Google Scholar 

  16. Botsco, R J., Plastics Design and Processing, Nov./Dec. 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Darlington, M. W. and McGinley, P. L, J. Mater. Sci., 1975, 10, 906.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Crowson, R. J., Folkes, M. J. and Bright, P. F, Polym. Eng. Sci., 1980,20,925; Crowson, R. J. and Folkes, M. J., Polym. Eng. Sci., 1980, 20, 934.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Schierding, R G., J. Composite Mater., 1968, 2 (4), 448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Menendez, H. and White, J. L., Polym. Eng. Sci., 1984, 24, 1051.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. McGee, S. H. and McCullough, R L., in The Role of the Polymeric Matrix in the Processing and Structural Properties of Composite Materials, J. C. Seferis and L. Nicolais (Eds), Plenum, New York, 1983; p. 425.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ishai, O. and Lavengood, R. E., in Composite Materials: Testing and Design, ASTM STP 460, 1969, pp. 271–281.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Goettler, L. A and Lavengood, R. E., American Chemical Society Div. Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry Preprints, 1971, 31 (1), 623.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Folgar, F. and Tucker, C. L., J. Reinf. Plastics Composites, 1984, 3, 98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Givler, R. C., Crochet, M. J. and Pipes, R B., J. Composite Mater., 1983, 17, 330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Goldsmith, H. L. and Mason, S. G., in Rheology, F. R. Eirich (Ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1967, pp. 85–250.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Bell, J., J. Composite Mater., 1969, 3, 244.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Takano, M., Viscosity Effect on Flow Orientation of Short Fibers, US Defense Documentation Center, Arlington, VA, Report No. AD-772563, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Harris, J. B. and Pittman, J. F. T., Trans. Instn Chem. Engrs, 1976, 54, 73.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Lee, W.-K. and George, H. H., Polym. Eng. Sci., 1978, 18, 146.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. McNally, D. L, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 1977, 8 (2), 101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Modlen, G. F., J. Mater. Sci., 1969, 4, 283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Fisa, B. and Utracki, L. A, Polymer Composites, 1984, 5, 36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Okuno, K. and Woodhams, R. T., Polym. Eng. Sci., 1975, 15, 308.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Goettler, L. A, Polymer Composites, 1984, 5, 60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Takserman-Krozer, R. and Ziabicki, A, J. Polym. Sci., A1, 1963, 491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Schmidt, L. R, Polym. Eng. Sci., 1974, 14, 797.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Chan, W. W., Charrier, J. and Vadnais, P., Polymer Composites, 1983, 4, 9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Xavier, S. F., Tyagi, D. and Misra, A, Polymer Composites, 1982, 3, 88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Utracki, L. A, Rubber Chem. Technol., 1984, 57, 507

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hegler, R. P., Kunststoffe, 1984, 74 (5), 271.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Folkes, M. J., Short Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics, Research Studies Press, Chichester, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Goettler, L. A, Modern Plastics, April 1970, 48, 140.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Egbers, R. G., Plastics World, Oct. 1979, 66.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Bright, P. F., Crowson, R J. and Folkes, M. J., J. Mater. Sci., 1978, 13, 2497.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Darlington, M. W., McGinley, P. L. and Smith, G. R, Plastics and Rubber: Materials and Applications, May 1977, 51.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Darlington, M. W, McGinley, P. L. and Smith, G. R., J. Mater. Sci., 1976, 11, 877.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Darlington, M. W., Gladwell, B. K and Smith, G. R, Polymer, 1977, 18, 1269.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Cogswell, F. N., Cole, E. A and Turner, S., J. Elast. Plast., 1979, 11, 171.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Stephenson, R C., Turner, S. and Whale, M., Society of Plastics Engineers Annual Technical Conference, Montreal, Canada, 1977, p. 347.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Owen, M. J, Thomas, D. H. and Found, M. S, Modern Plastics, 1978, 55 (6), 61.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Goettler, L. A, Sezna, J. A and DiMauro, P. J., Rubber World, Oct. 1982, 181 (1), 33.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Goettler, L. A, in The Role of the Polymer Matrix in the Processing and Structural Properties of Composite Materials, J. C. Seferis and L. Nicolais (Eds), Plenum, New York, 1983, p. 289.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Cole, E. A, Cogswell, F. N., Huxtable, J. and Turner, S., Polym. Eng. Sci., 1979, 19, 12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Goettler, L. A, Leib, R. I. and Lambright, A J., Rubber Chem. Technol., 1979, 52, 838.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Goettler, L. A. and Lambright, A J., to Monsanto Company, US Patent 4 056 591, Nov. 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Goettler, L. A, Polymer Composites, 1983, 4, 249.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Goettler, L. A, Lambright, A. J., Leib, R. I. and DiMauro, P. J., Rubber Chem. Technol, 1981, 54, 277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Bagg, G. E. G., Evans, M. E. N. and Pryde, A. W. H., Composites, Dec. 1969, 97.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Salariya, A K. and Pittman, J. F. T., Polym. Eng. Sci., 1980, 20, 787.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Goettler, L. A., ‘Mechanical performance of various nylon 6 composites formed by in-situ polymerization of caprolactam’, American Chemical Society Polymer Preprints, for Spring 1985 meeting.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Nicolais, L., Nicodemo, L., Masi, P. and DiBenedetto, A T., Polym. Eng. Sci., 1979, 19, 1046.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Elsevier Applied Science Publishers LTD

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Goettler, L.A. (1986). The Effects of Processing Variables on the Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Thermoplastics. In: Clegg, D.W., Collyer, A.A. (eds) Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Thermoplastics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4193-9_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4193-9_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8363-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4193-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics