Abstract
The following considerations are addressed in this treatise:
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1.
the fundamental conflict between child abuse and neglect reporting laws on the one hand, and patient treatment confidentiality laws on the other;
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2.
the so-called ‘Baby Doe’ laws and regulations including the concept of ‘medical neglect’; and
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3.
an investigation of an existing legal infrastructure for non-voluntary perinatal drug addiction treatment.
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Notes and References
42 U. S. C. §5101, et seq.
P. L. 98-457.
45 C. F. R. §1340,etseq. Illinois Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act.
Ch. 23,12051,etseq. 111. Rev. Stat.
The following are key statutory definitions from the Illinois Abused and Neglected Child reporting Act, Ch. 23,12051, etseq. , 111. Rev. Stat.: §2053. Definitions. ‘Child’ means any person under the age of 18 years. ‘Department’ means Department of Children and Family Services. ‘Abused Child’ means a child whose parent or immediate family member, or any person responsible for the child’s welfare, or any individual residing in the same home as the child, or a parmour of the child’s parent: inflicts, causes to be inflicted, or allows to be inflicted upon such child physical injury, by other than accidental means, which causes death, disfigurement, impairment of physical or emotional health, or loss or impairment of any bodily function; creates a substantial risk of physical injury to such child by other than accidental means which would be likely to cause death, disfigurement, impairment of physical or emotional health, or loss or impairment of any bodily function; commits or allows to be committed any sex offense against such child, as such sex offenses are defined in the Criminal Code of 1961, as amended, and extending those definitions of sex offenses to include children under 18 years of age; commits or allows to be committed an act or acts of torture upon such child; or inflicts excessive corporal punishment. ‘Neglected Child’ means any child whose parent or other person responsible for the child’s welfare withholds or denies nourishment or medically indicated treatment including food or care denied solely on the basis of the present or anticipated mental or physical impairment as determined by a physician acting alone or in consultation with other physicians or otherwise does not provide the proper or necessary support, education as required by law, or medical or other remedial care recognized under State law as necessary for a child’s well-being, or other care necessary for his or her well-being, including adequate food, clothing and shelter; or who is abandoned by his or her parents or other person responsible for the child’s welfare. A child shall not be considered neglected or abused for the sole reason that such child’s parent or other person responsible for his or her welfare depends upon spiritual means through prayer alone for the treatment or cure of disease or remedial care as provided under Section 4 of this Act. (Emphasis added)
75 Cal. App. 3d 214, 141 Cal. Rptr. 912 (4th Dist. Ct. 1977 ).
80 Mich. App. 219, 263 N. W. 2d 37 (1977).
97 Mich. App. 111, 293 N. W. 2d 736 (1980).
Parens patriae power is the state’s limited paternalistic power to protect or promote the welfare of certain individuals like young children who lack the capacity to act in their own best interests. Development in the Law - The Constitution and the Family, 93 Harv. L. Rev. 1156,1199 (1980).
Hoener v. Bertinato, 67 N. J. Supr. 517, 171 A.2d 140 (1961); Raleigh Fitkin-Paul Morgan Memorial Hospital v. Anderson, 42 N. J. 421, 201 A.2d 537, cert, denied, 377 U.S. 985 (1964).
Jefferson v. Griffin Spalding County Hospital Authority, 247 Ga. 86, 274 S. E. 2d 457 (1981).
An unreported Colorado juvenile court case. Bowes, W. A. and Selgestad, B. (1981). Fetal versus maternal rights: Medical and legal perspectives. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 58, 209 - 14
Unreported February, 1982 Cook County, Illinois, Circuit Court case involving Rush- Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Hospital of Chicago, Illinois, granting temporary custody of an unborn child for purposes of consent to medical treatment including Caesarean section and blood transfusion. Also, In the Matter of Mary A. Brownlow, Case No. 85-M4-680 ( 1985 ), Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, Fourth Municipal District, ordering blood transfusions for the unborn fetus.
Ch. 23,12054, 111. Rev. Stat.
1977 111. Op. Atty. Gen. No. S-1298.
Ch. Ill, 14433(22), 111. Rev. Stat. (Physicians); Ch. Ill, 13420(8), 111. Rev. Stat. (Nurses); Ch. Ill, I4922(o), 111. Rev. Stat. (Podiatrists); Ch. Ill, 15316(16), 111. Rev. Stat. (Psychologists); Ch. Ill, 12222(21), 111. Rev. Stat. (Dentists); Ch. Ill, 16315(g), 111. Rev. Stat. (Social Workers).
Ch. 23,12055, 111. Rev. Stat.
Ch. 23,12059, 111. Rev. Stat.
21 U. S. C. §1175, et seq.; Sec. 303 of P. L. 93-282.
42 C. F. R. Part 2, §§21 - 2.67 -1.
21 U.S.C. 51175(a).
21 U.S.C. 81175(b)(1).
21 U. S. C. § 1175(b)(2)(A).
21 U.S.C.§1175(b)(2)(B).
21 U.S.C. §1175(b)(2)(C).
21 U. S. C. §1175(f).
Roach, W. H., Jr., Chernoff, S. N. and Esley, C. L. (1985). Medical Records and the Law, pp. 30 - 35,72 - 76. (An Aspen Publication)
Ch. 91V2,1801 et seq., 111. Rev. Stat.
Ch. 110,18-802, 111. Rev. Stat.
Ch. 91 y2,1811 (i), 111. Rev. Stat.
Ch. 110,18-802, exception (7), 111. Rev. Stat.
402 N. Y.S. 2d 958 (1978).
411 N. Y.S. 2d 180 (1978).
342 N.W. 2d 128 (1984).
42U.S.C. §4582.
342 N.W. 2d 128,131 (1984).
342 N. W. 2d 128, 132 (1984).
Fed. Reg. for June 18,1985 - Vol. 131, No. 81.
42 U. S. C. §290 dd-3 (alcohol treatment); 42 U. S. C. §290 ee-3 (drug treatment).
29U.S.C. §794.
Executive Order 11914.
45 C. F. R. §84.
U. S. v. University Hospital et al., 729 F.2d 144; American Hospital Association et al,. v. Margaret M Heckler et al Case No. CA 83 - 774 (USCA-2, 1983); cert granted 105 Supr. Ct. 3475 (1984), Docket Nos. 84 -1529,84 - 6211,84- 6213.
45 C. F. R. §1340.
45 C.F.R. §1340.15.
Morris, R. A. and Sonderegger, T. B. (1984). Legal applications and implications for neurotoxin research of the developing organism. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, 6, 303 - 306
410U.S. 113,162,(1973).
410 U.S. at 163 - 64.
Ibid.
432 U.S. 464, 478 (1977).
478 U. S. 297, 301 and 325 (1980).
In Re Sampson, 317 N. Y. S. 2d 641, 278 N. E.2d 918 (1972); People ex rel Wallace v. Labrenz 411, 111. 618, 104 N. E. 2d 769 (111. Supr. Ct. 1952); Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U. S. 205 (1972); See also, notes 9,10 and 11.
289 Ala. 52, 54, 265 so. 2d 596, 596 (1974)
Simon, C. A. (1978). Parental liability for prenatal injury. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems, 14,47 - 92
Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U. S. 158 (1944); Levine, M. (1974). The right of the fetus to be born free of drug addiction. U. C. D. Law Journal, 7,45 - 55
Myers, J. E. B. (1984). Abuse and neglect of the unborn: Can the state intervene? Duq. Law Rev., 23, No. 1, 1 - 76
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Wiet, M.J. (1986). Legal Issues in Perinatal Addiction. In: Chasnoff, I.J. (eds) Drug Use in Pregnancy: Mother and Child. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4157-1_14
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