Abstract
The nemertean family Carcinonemertidae has previously been treated as a group of closely related egg predators with low host specificity. Recent research on the life history of this group has revealed that their diversity has been greatly underestimated. The recognition of host selectivity in the genus Carcinonemertes suggests a mechanism by which speciation may proceed. Preliminary morphological data allow the distinction of what appear to be several new genera and species. Other forms are so distinct that their unique features suggest that egg predation may have evolved in unrelated lineages. What has been considered a monophyletic family may represent a polyphyletic group of nemerteans which have converged adapting to a symbiotic life-style.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aiken, D. E., S. L. Waddy & L. S. Uhazy, 1985. Aspects of the biology of Pseudocarcinonemertes homari and its association with the American Lobster, Homarusamericanus. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. 42: 351–356.
Bell, P. J. & J. L. Hickman, 1985. Obsevations on Carcinonemertes (Nemertea: Carcinonemertidae) associated with the smooth pebble crab, Philyra laevis. Pap. Proc. r. Soc. Tasmania. 119. 65–68.
Coe, W. R., 1902. Nemertean parasites of crabs. Am. Nat. 36: 431–450.
Davis, C. C., 1965. A study of the hatching process in aquatic invertebrates. XX. The blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, Rathbun, XXI. The nemertean, Carcinonemertes carcinophila (Kolliker). Chesapeake Sci. 6: 201–208.
Dieck, G., 1874. Beiträge zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Nemertinen. Jena. Z. Naturw. 8: 500–520.
Fleming, L. C. & R. Gibson, 1981. A new genus and species of monostiliferous hoplonemerteans, ectohabitant on lobsters. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 52: 79–93.
Herrick, F. H., 1895. The American lobster: a study of its habits and development. Bull. U.S. fish. Commission 15: 1–252.
Humes, A. G., 1941. The male reproductive system in the nemertean genus Carcinonemertes. J. Morph. 69: 443–454.
Humes, A. G., 1942. The morphology, taxonomy, and bionomics of the nemertean genus Carcinonemertes. III. biol. Monogr. 18: 1–105.
Kuris, A. M., 1971. Population interactions between a shore crab and two symbionts. Ph. D. Diss. University of California, Berkeley, California.
Kuris, A. M., 1978. Lifecycle, distribution and abundance of Carcinonemertes epialti, a nemertean egg predator of the shore crab, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, in relation to host size, reproduction and molt cycle. Biol. Bull. 154: 121–137.
Kuris, A. M. & D. E. Wickham, in press. Effect of nemertean egg predators on crustaceans. Bull. Mar. Sci.
McDermott, J. J., 1966. The biology of a nemertean parasite of pinnotherid crabs. Am. Zool. 6: 331.
McDermott, J. J., 1967. The oyster crab, Pinnotherum ostreum, as a host for a parasitic nemertean. Am Zool 7: 772–773.
Roe, P., 1979. Aspects of development and occurrence of Carcinonemertes epialti (Nemertea) from shore crabs in Monterey Bay, California. Biol. Bull. 156: 130–140.
Roe, P., 1984. Laboratory studies of feeding and mating in species of Carcinonemertes (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea). Biol. Bull. 167: 426–436.
Roe, P., J. H. Crowe, L. M. Crowe & D. E. Wickham, 1982. Up-take of amino acids by juveniles of Carcinonemertes errans (Nemertea). Comp. Biochern. Physiol. 69A: 423–427.
Shields, J. D. & A: M. Kuris, in press. Temporal variation in abundance of the egg predator Carcinonemertes epialti (Nemertea) and its effect on egg mortality of its host, the shore crab, Hemigrapsus oregonensis. Hydrobiologia.
Stricker, S. A. & R. A. Cloney, 1982. Stylet formation in nemerteans. Biol. Bull. 162: 387–403.
Subramoniam, T., 1979. Some aspects of reproductive ecology of a mole crab, Emerita asiatica Milne-Edwards. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol 36: 259–268.
Takakura, U., 1920. Kisei himomushi no ishi shinsu. [On a new species of parasitic nemertean.] Dobutsugaku Zasshi 22: 111–116.
Uhazy, L. S., D. E. Aiken & A. Campbell, 1985. Morphology and systematics of the nemertean Pseudocarcinonemertes homari (Hoplonemertea: Monostylifera) from the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci. 42: 342–350.
Von Kölliker, A., 1845. Ueber drei neue Gattungen von Wurmen, Lineola, Chloraima, Polycystia, neue Wurmgattungen and neue Arten von Nemertes. Verh. Schweiz. naturf. Ges. Chur 29: 86–98.
Wickham, D. E., 1978. A new species of Carcinonemertes (Nemertea: Carcinonemertidae) with notes on the genus from the Pacific coast. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 91: 197–202.
Wickham, D. E. & A. M. Kuris, 1985. The comparative ecology of nemertean egg predators. Am. Zool. 25: 127–134.
Wickham, D. E. & P. Roe, in press. Selectivity in transmission to crab hosts by the symbiotic nemertean, Carcinonemertes epialti. J. Parasitol.
Wickham, D. E., P. Roe & A. M. Kuris, 1984. Transfer of nemertean egg predators during host molting and copulation. Biol. Bull. 167: 331–338.
Willemoes-Suhm, R., 1874. On a land nemertean found in the Bermudas. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., series 4, 13: 409–411.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wickham, D.E., Kuris, A.M. (1988). Diversity among nemertean egg predators of decapod crustaceans. In: Sundberg, P., Gibson, R., Berg, G. (eds) Recent Advances in Nemertean Biology. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 43. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4063-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4063-5_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8304-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4063-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive