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Chemical and Physical Properties of the Hall- Héroult Electrolyte

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Molten Salt Chemistry

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 202))

Abstract

Molten cryolite is the main ingredient of the Hall-Héroult electrolyte. Additives are used to improve its chemical and physical properties, hence it is necessary to understand how each additive functions. The ideal additive should decrease the solubility of reduced species in the melt and lower the liquidus temperature for improved Faradaic efficiency. It should increase or at least not decrease alumina solubility, increase electrical conductivity, decrease density (to provide better separation between the aluminum and the molten salt), and decrease vapor pressure (to minimize vapor loss). It should not contain or produce any ionic species with a lower discharge potential than aluminum (for the cation) or oxygen (for the anion). There is no ideal additive; hence, compromises are made. Alumina solubility and electrical conductivity are often sacrificed for improved Faradaic efficiency.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 2820 Seventh Street Road, Lower Burrell, PA, 15068, USA

    Warren Haupin

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  1. Warren Haupin
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

    Gleb Mamantov

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy

    Roberto Marassi

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© 1987 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland

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Haupin, W. (1987). Chemical and Physical Properties of the Hall- Héroult Electrolyte. In: Mamantov, G., Marassi, R. (eds) Molten Salt Chemistry. NATO ASI Series, vol 202. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3863-2_22

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3863-2_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8217-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3863-2

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