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Structure of Grain Boundaries and Interfaces

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Chemistry and Physics of Fracture

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSE,volume 130))

Abstract

Grain boundaries are the most common interfaces always present in materials if they are not in a single crystal form. Their presence affects a large variety of material properties since many important physical processes, such as diffusion, decohesion, segregation, cavitation, corrosion etc., occur preferentially at grain boundaries (for recent reviews see [1-3]). The property most strongly affected by grain boundary phenomena in metallic materials is their mechanical strength. It has been well established that segregation of various alloying elements and impurities to grain boundaries frequently makes the boundaries particularly suitable paths for brittle cracking at low temperatures ([4-12], for a number of reviews see ref. 13). Similarly, segregation of alloying elements has a pronounced influence, either detremental or beneficial, on fracture occurring during creep by cavitation at grain boundaries [14-17]. Both the effect of segregated impurities on cohesion and their fast diffusion in grain boundaries play the major role in the recently discovered, important phenomenon of brittle fracture at high temperatures [18-21].Grain boundary cracking is also the main problem encountered in intermetallic compounds which would be otherwise very attractive structural materials for high-temperature applications (for reviews see [22, 23]). In crystallographically complex compounds the brittleness may be attributed to the insufficient number of slip systems so that an extensive plastic deformation cannot develop. However, in f.c.c. based L12 compounds, such as Ni3Al, the available deformation modes are adequate and yet the intergranular fracture occurs readily.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics, Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 18, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands

    J. Th. M. De Hosson

  2. On leave from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    V. Vitek

Authors
  1. J. Th. M. De Hosson
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  2. V. Vitek
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 8-202, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA

    R. M. Latanision

  2. Materials Science and Technology Department, Battelle Northwest Laboratories, P.O. Box 999, 99352, Richland, WA, USA

    R. H. Jones

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© 1987 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht

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De Hosson, J.T.M., Vitek, V. (1987). Structure of Grain Boundaries and Interfaces. In: Latanision, R.M., Jones, R.H. (eds) Chemistry and Physics of Fracture. NATO ASI Series, vol 130. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3665-2_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3665-2_18

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