Skip to main content

Animal Models for the Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals

  • Chapter
  • 52 Accesses

Part of the book series: Developments in Nuclear Medicine ((DNUM,volume 14))

Abstract

On the 24th November 1986 the Council of the European Communities adopted the directive(l) on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States regarding the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes, with a view, amongst other things, to reducing to a minimum the number of animals so used. Paragraph 2 of Article 7 of the directive states, “An experiment shall not be performed if another scientifically satisfactory method of obtaining the result sought, not entailing the use of animals, is reasonably and practically available”. In the United Kingdom, the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986(2) came into force on January 1st 1987 and the provisions for licensing particular types of work require that the applicant demonstrates that he has “adequately considered the feasibility of using alternative methods not involving live animals”. These moves have been stimulated by the growing public opinion against the widespread use of laboratory animals. In some cases, the level of protest has achieved extreme proportions. The scientific community has also questioned the need for the numbers of animals used in experiments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Council Directive of 24 November 1986 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States regarding the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes. Official Journal of the European Communities, vol 29 No. L358. 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Advisory Committee on the administration of the Cruelty to Animals Act 1876, Report to the Secretary of State on the LD50 Test. Home Office, London 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kristensen, K. Biodistribution in rats of Tc-labelled human serum albumin. Nucl Med Com 1986; 7: 617–624.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Masi, R. etal - Personal Communication.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Reid, L.M., Holland, J., Jones, C. et al. Some variables affecting the success of transplantation of human tumours into the athymic (nude) mouse. In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Use of Athymic (Nude) mice in Cancer Research, Houchens, D.P. and Ovejera, A.A. (eds). Stuttgart. Gustav Fischer 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fritzberg, A.R. and Bloedow, D.C. Animal Models in the Study of Hepatobiliary Radiotracers. In: Animal Models in Radiotracer Design. Lambrecht, R.M. and Eckelman, W.C. (Eds) Springer-Verlag 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  8. McAfee, J.C. and Subramanian, G. Experimental Models and Evaluation of Animal Data for Renal Radiodiagnostic A- gents. In: Animal Models in Radiotracer Design. Lambrecht, R.M. and Eckelman, W.C. (Eds) Springer-Verlag 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ketring, A.R., Deutsch, E. Lisbon, K. and Vanderheyden, J-L. The Noah’s Ark experiment. A search for a suitable animal model for the evaluation of cationic Tc-99m Myocardial Imaging agents. J Nucl Med 1983; 24: 9.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Moldofsky, P.J., Powe, J. and Hammond, N.D. Monoclonal Antibodies for Radioi mmunoi maging: Current Perspectives. Nuclear Medicine Annual 1986: 57–103.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Joint Committee of the C.R.C. and N.I.B.S.C. Operation Manual for Control of production, preclinical toxicology and Phase I trials of anti-tumour antibodies and drug antibody conjugates. Br J Cancer 1986; 54: 557–568.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lentie, B . Tumour Detection with Radiolabelled Agents. In: Current Applications in Radiopharmacology. Billinghurst, M.W. (Ed) Pergammon Press 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wiebe, L.I . Small Animal Oncological Models for Screening Diagnostic Radiotracers. In: Animal Models in Radiotracer Design, Lambrecht, R.M. and Eckelman, W.C. (Eds). Springer-Verlag, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Spencer, R.P., Leutzinger, E.E., Spitznagle, L.A. et al. Problem with Mouse Neuroblastoma (C1300) as a Model for Iodi ne-131 MIBG Uptake. J Nucl Med 1986; 27: 726.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Rygaard, J. and Povlsen, C.O. Heterotransplantation of a human malignant tumour to the mouse mutant “nude”. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1969; 77: 758–760.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gallagher, B.M . Monoclonal Antibodies: The Design of Ap-propriate Carrier and Evaluation Systems. In: Animal Models in Radiotracer Design, Lambrecht, R.M. and Eckelman, W.C. (Eds) Springer-Verlag, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Nakamura, T., Sakahara, M., Hosoi, S. et al. In vivo radi ol ocal i sat i on of antiosteogenic sarcoma monoclonal antibodies in osteogenic sarcoma xenografts. Cancer Res. 1984; 44: 2078–2083.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Pimm, M.V. and Baldwin, R.W. Quantitative evaluation of the localisation of a monoclonal antibody (791T/36) in human osteogenic sarcoma xenografts. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1984; 20: 515–524.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Keenan, A.M., Colcher, D., Larson, S.M. and Schlom, J. Radi oimmunoscintigraphy of human colon cancer xenografts in mice with radioiodi nate monoclonal antibody B72.3. J Nucl Med 1984; 25: 1197–1203.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Colcher, D., Keenan, A.M., Larson, S.M. and Schlom, J. Prolonged Binding of a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody (B72.3) used for the in situ radioimmunodetection of human colon carcinoma xenografts. Cancer Res 1984; 44: 5744– 5751.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Brown, J.M., Greager, J.A., Pavel D.G. and Gupta, T.K. Lo-calization of radiolabel1 ed monoclonal antibody in a human soft tissue sarcoma xenograft. 1985; 75: 637–644.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Searle, F., Adam, T. and Boden, J.A. Distribution of intact and F(ab’) fragments of anti-human chorionic gonadotrophs antibodies in nude mice bearing human choriocarcinoma xenografts. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1986; 21: 205–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Buckley, R.G., Barnett, P. Searle, F. et al. A comparative distribution study of In-111-1abelled DTPA and TTHA monoclonal antibody conjugates in a choriocarcinoma xenograft model. Eur J Nucl Med 1986; 12: 394–396.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Duwell, S., Horit, W. and Westera, G. Uptake of a monoclonal antibody against CEA (Tumak 431/31) in a human colon tumour (Co-112) xenografted in the nude mouse. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1986; 23: 101–106.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Shani, J., Wolf, W., Chanachai, W. et al. Labelling and Comparative Biodistribution of the Monoclonal Antibody KS 1/4 in Nude Mice Bearing Human Lung Adenocarcinoma. Nucl Med Biol 1986; 13: 379–382.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bubenik, J. Kieler, J., Perlmann, P. et al. Monoclonal an- tibodies against human urinary bladder carcinomas: selectivity and utilization for gamma seintigraphy. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1985; 21: 701–710.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Klapdor, R., Montz, R., Lander, H. et al. Untersuchungen zur intratumoral en Radioimmuntherapie transplantierter Pankreaskarzinome mit 131-J-anti-CA 19–9/CEA. Nuc Compact 1985; 16: 424–427.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Senekowitsch, R., Baum, R.P., Maul, F.D. et al. Biokinetische Studien zur szintigraphisehen Darstellung xeno- transplantierter menschlicker Pankreaskarzinome mit 131 Jod Markierten F(ab’)2 - Fragmenten verschiedener monoklonaler Antikörper. Nuc Compact 1985; 16: 414–419.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Andrew, S.M., Pimm, M.V., Perkins, A.C. and Baldwin, R.W. Comparative imaging and biodistribution studies with an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody and its F(ab)2 and Fab fragments in mice with colon carcinoma xenografts. Eur J Nucl Med 1986; 12: 168–175.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hagan, P., Halpern, S.E., Chen, A. et al. In vivo kinetics of Radiolabel1ed Monoclonal Anti-CEA Antibodies in Animal Models. J Nucl Med 1985; 26: 1418–1423.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Jones, P.L., Gallagher, B.M. and Sands, M. Autoradiographic Analysis of Monoclonal Antibody Distribution in Human Colon and Breast Tumour Xenografts. Cancer Immun 1986; 22: 139–143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Mann, B.D., Cohen, M.B., Saxton, R.E. et al. Imaging of Human Tumour Xenografts in Nude Mice with radiolabel1ed Monoclonal Antibodies: Limitations of Specificity due to Non-Specific Uptake of Antibody. Cancer 1984; 54: 1318– 1327.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Rogers, G.T. Limitations Associated with the Use of Labelled Antibodies Against CEA for Potential Tumour Localisation and Therapy. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1986; 22: 1127– 1133.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hagan, P.L., Halpern, S.E., Dillman, R.O. et al. Tumor Size: Effect on Monoclonal Antibody Uptake in Tumour Models. J Nucl Med 1986; 27: 422–427.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Bullard, D.E., Wikstrand, C.J., Humphrey, P.A. et al. Specific Imaging of Human Brain Tumour Xenografts Utilizing Radiolabel led Monoclonal Antibodies (MAbs). Nucl Med 1986; 25: 210–215.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Pimm, M.V. and Baldwin, R.W. Effect of Tumour Size on Monoclonal Antibody Uptake in Tumour Models. J Nucl Med 1986; 27: 1788–1789.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Cohen, M.B., Saxton, R.E. and Mann, B. Effect of Tumour Size on Monoclonal Antibody Uptake in Tumour Models. J Nucl Med; 1986: 27: 1789–1790.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Peters, A.M., Lavender, J.P. and Hawker, R.J. Correspondence Nucl Med Comm 1987; 8: 183–184.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ward, M.C., Roberts, K.R., Westwood, J.M. et al. The Effect of Chelating Agents on the Distribution of Monoclonal Antibodies in Mice. J. Nucl Med 1986; 27: 1746–1750.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Goodwin, D.A., Meares, C.F., McTigne, M. et al. Metal decomposition rates of In-lll-DTPA and EDTA conjugates of monoclonal antibodies in vivo. Nucl Med comm 1986; 7: 831–838.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Janoki, G.A., Korosi, L. and Spett, B. Factors influencing the Biological Properties of Labelled Protein. In: Current Applications in Radiopharmacology, Billinghurst, M.W. (Ed) Pergamon Press, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Chandler, A.B . In vitro Thrombotic Coagulation of the Blood. A Method for Producing a Thrombus. Laboratory Investigation 1958; 7: 110–114.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Kempi, J. and Persson, B.R.R. In vitro interaction between venous Blood Clots and Radiopharmaceuticals. Nuklear Medizin 1985; 24: 173–179.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Stahlberg, F., Andersson, L. Edenbrandt, C-M. and Strand, S-E. Quantitative in vivo and in vitro comparison between radiolabel1ed colloids, biomolecules and blood cells in their ability to diagnose deep venous thrombosis. Nucl Med Comm 1984; 5: 741–762.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Baker, R.J., McLaren, A.B. Campell, J., et al. Studies of Tc-99m-Acyl plasmins as agents for thrombus detection. Eur J Nucl Med 1985; 10: 155–159.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Rosenberg, N., Moolten, S.E. and Vroman, L.A. calibrated technique for experimental production of venous thrombosis. Surgery 1959; 46: 764–767.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Didishem, P. Animal models useful in the study of thrombosis and antithrombotic agents. In: Progress in hemostatis and thrombosis. Greene and Stratton inc., N.Y. 1978; 1: 165–187.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Campbell, J., Bellen J.C. Baker, R.J. and McLaren, A.B.A Comparison of Radiolabelled Agent for Thrombus Imaging u- sing a Rabbit Model. Nucl Med Biol 1986; 13: 295–300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Spett, B., Janoki, G.A. and Korosi, L. Comparative Study Between direct labelled and DTPA-chelated Human Fibrinogen. In: Current Applications in Radiopharmacology. Billinghurst, M.W. (Ed). Pergamon Press 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Mathias, C.J. and Welch, M.J. In-111-Labelled Platelets for the Detection of Vascular Disorders in Animal Models. In: Animal Models in Radiotracer Design. Lambrecht, R.M. and Eckelman, WE.C. (Eds). Springer-Verlag 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Christenson, J.T., Arvidsson, D., Qvarfordt, P. et al. The early platelet uptake and distribution of platelets in smal1-diameter polytetra f1uoroethy1ene (PTFE) vascular grafts in vivo. Eur J Nucl Med 1985; 10: 160–164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Som, P., Oster, Z.H., Zamora, P.O. et al. Radioimmunoima- ging of Experimentatl Thrombi in Dogs Using Technetium- 99m-Labelled Monoclonal Antibody Fragments Reactive with Human Platelets. J Nucl Med 1986; 27: 1315–1320.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Hawker, R.J. Personal Communication.’

    Google Scholar 

  54. European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries Associations, Working Party No. 1. Position paper on Production and Quality Control of Polypeptide Medicinal Products derived from Biotechnology, March 1986.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pickett, R.D. (1987). Animal Models for the Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals. In: Kristensen, K., Nørbygaard, E. (eds) Safety and Efficacy of Radiopharmaceuticals 1987. Developments in Nuclear Medicine, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3375-0_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3375-0_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8016-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3375-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics