Abstract
The contrast echocardiographic effect was first noted by Joyner and first reported by Gramiak and Shah in 1968 [1]. Initially it was used in a largely qualitative manner to answer clinical questions about structure identification, intracardiac shunts, valvular regurgitation, and complex congenital heart disease. These topics have been extensively reviewed [2–6] and will not be covered in this chapter. Suffice it to point out that these initial contrast uses involved answering ‘yes-no’ questions: ‘Does an ASD exist?’, ‘Is this structure the left main coronary artery?’, ‘Does this baby have a PDA’, etc.
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References
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Prof. VL Newhouse, Philadelphia, PA — personnal communication
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Meltzer, R.S. (1987). Quantitative Contrast Echocardiography: What can the Practicing Cardiologist expect?. In: Roelandt, J. (eds) Digital Techniques in Echocardiography. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 64. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3307-1_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3307-1_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
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