Abstract
While screening programmes can reduce mortality from cervical cancer, and to a lesser extent, that from breast cancer1, the early detection of other cancers and the treatment of established disease are likely to have a rather limited impact in reducing mortality due to the major human cancers. It has been estimated, for example, that, while modern surgery is effective in significantly decreasing cancer mortality, use of additional types of treatment (e.g., X-ray, chemotherapy) after surgery could result in no more than a 5% reduction in the number of deaths from cancer each year2. These considerations emphasize the importance of primary prevention of cancer, which involves the identification of the causes of human cancers.
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Montesano, R., Parkin, D.M., Tomatis, L. (1987). Environmental causes of cancer in man. In: Waring, M.J., Ponder, B.A.J. (eds) Biology of Carcinogenesis. Cancer Biology and Medicine, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3213-5_7
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