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Solution Chemistry and Kinetics of Ionic Reactions

  • Chapter
The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements

Abstract

In sufficiently acid aqueous solutions containing no complex-forming ligands, actinides in oxidation states II to VI exist as hydrated M2+, M3+, M4+, MO +2 , and MO 2+2 ions. As is generally the case with metal-ion hydrates, those of the actinides act as acids, splitting off protons from the water molecules of the hydration shell. Their strength as acids increases strongly with the charge on the central atom. The divalent ions are probably very weak acids. On account of their large radii, the trivalent actinide ions arc much weaker acids than are most other metal ions of this charge. The charge of the tetravalent ions is. however, high enough to turn their hydrates into quite strong acids, in spite of the large radii. Hydrates of penta- and hexavalent ions are too acidic to exist in aqueous solution. Even at extremely high acidities, these ions are hydrolyzed to actinyl(v) and actinyl(vI) ions, respectively, with the exception of protactinium(v) which forms a less hydrolyzed species, as discussed below. The charge on the central atom of these rod-shaped ions is considerably higher than the net ionic charge. In the case of MO +2 , the charge is nevertheless not high enough to make the hydrate a very strong acid. The acid properties of the MO 2+2 ions are, on the other hand, quite significant.

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    Glenn T. Seaborg

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Ahrland, S. (1986). Solution Chemistry and Kinetics of Ionic Reactions. In: Katz, J.J., Seaborg, G.T., Morss, L.R. (eds) The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3155-8_14

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