Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Water Flow and the Vegetation of Running Waters

  • Chapter
Vegetation of inland waters

Part of the book series: Handbook of vegetation science ((HAVS,volume 15-1))

Abstract

The vegetation of running waters is defined and determined by the effect and interactions of a single physical factor, water flow, which governs plant-form, dominates the growth-controlling factors and defines the habitat. Thus very high or turbulent flows will directly determine the presence or absence of instream vegetation and even light becomes subordinate to its influence. At high but less extreme flows, aquatic vegetation may be confined to the margins and to islands where it is in direct competition with terrestrial vegetation. Very low flows allow the development of a vegetation characteristic of static waters, i.e. pond and lakes. Between these extremes of water flow, the physical and chemical factors can control growth, interact with fluviatile plants to regulate seasonal biomass and to create flowing water communities; plants are still subject to the broad environmental limits of high and low temperature etc. (Whitton 1972). Such communities can vary during the year influenced either by seasonal changes in their physical environment, particularly by water flow, or by competition between species. The plant community at a site therefore reflects the balance achieved between the physicochemical environment and the plants tolerance, adaption to or their modification of these conditions by their presence. The species present within the community reflect those available and able to colonise.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arber ,A. (1920) Water Plants. University Press, Cambridge, 436 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayly, I. A. E. & Williams, W. D. (1973) Inland Waters and their Ecology. Longman, Camberwell, Victoria, Australia, 316 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beadle, L. C. (1974) The inland waters of Africa. Longman, London, 365 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, J. E. (1973) Limnology of a small Malayan River Sungai Gombak. Mono-graphiae Biologicae 22 Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, 385 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonetto, A. A. (1975) Landscapes of River Basins (South America). In: Hasler, A. D. (ed.), Ecological Studies 10. Coupling of land and water systems. Springer, New York. 173–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Böttger, K. (1978) Ökologischer Gewasserschutz eines norddeutschen Tieflandsbaches. Schr. Naturwiss. Ver. Schleswig-Holstein 48: 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodsky, K. A. (1980) Mountain torrent of the Tien Shan. Monographiae Biologicae 39, Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, 311 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooker, M. P., Morris ,D. L. & Wilson, C. J. (1978) Plant flow relationships in the R. Wye catchment. Proc. EWRS 5th Symp. on Aquatic Weeds 1978, pp. 63–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brookes, A. (1985) River channelization: traditional engineering methods, physical effects and alternative practices. Progress in Physical Geography 9: 44–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butcher ,R. W. (1933) Studies on the Ecology of Rivers. I. on the distribution of macrophyte vegetation in the rivers of Britain. J. Ecol. 21: 58–91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Capblancq ,J. & Dauta, A. (1978) Phytoplankton et production primaire de la rivière Lot. Annls Limnol. 14: 85–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casey, H. & Westlake, D. F. (1974) Growth and nutrient relationships of macrophytes in Sydling Water, a small unpolluted chalk stream. Proc. Eur. Weed Res. Counc. 4th int. Symp. Aquatic Weeds 1974, pp. 69–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castellano, E. (1977) Productividad de Rorippa Nasturtium aquaticum (L.) Hayek. Thesis Agreg., Department of Biology, Universidad de los Andes, Venezuela.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffey, B. T. & McNabb, C. D. (1974) Eurasian water-milfoil in Michigan. Michigan Bot. 13: 159–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, B. R. & Walker, K. F. (1986) The Ecology of River Systems, Editors Monographiae Biologicae 60, Junk, Dordrecht, 793 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, F. H. (1973) Notes on the production of stream bryophytes in the High Pyrenees (France). Annls Limnol. 9 (3): 231–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, F. H. (1976a) The organic contribution of stream edge forest litter fall to the chalk stream ecosystem. Oikos 27, 13–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, F. H. (1976b) The annual production of the aquatic macrophyte Ranunculus penicillatus var. calcareus (R. W. Butcher) C. D. K. Cook. Aquat. Bot. 2: 51–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson ,F. H. (1978) The seasonal effects of aquatic plant growth on the flow of water in a stream. Proc. 5th Eur. Weed Res. Counc. Symp. Aquat. Weeds ,pp. 71–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson ,F. H. (1980a) The origin ,composition and downstream transport of plant material in a small chalk stream. Freshwat. Biol. 10 ,419–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson ,F. H. (1980b) The flowering of Ranunculus penicillatus var. calcareus in the River Piddle ,Dorset. Aquat. Bot. 9, 145–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, F. H., Castellano ,E. & Ladle, M. (1978) The concept of species succession in relation to river vegetation and management. Verh. int. Verein, theor. angew. Limnol. 20: 1451-1456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, F. H. & Charlton, F. G. (in press) A bibliography on the hydraulic resistance or roughness of vegetated watercourses. Occasional Publication of Freshwater Biological Association No. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, F. H. & Kern-Hansen, U. (1979) The effect of natural and artificial shade on the macrophytes of lowland streams and the use of shade as a management technique. Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr. 64 (4): 437–455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, F. H., Kern-Hansen, U. & Westlake, D. F. (1982) Water plants and the temperature and oxygen regimes of lowland streams. In: Symoens, J. J., Hooper, S. S. & Compère, P. (eds.), Studies on Aquatic Vascular Plants. Royal Botanical Society of Belgium, Brussels, pp. 214–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, F. H. & Robinson, W. N. (1984) Submerged macrophytes and the hydraulic roughness of a lowland chalkstream. Verh. int. Verein. theor. angew. Limnol. 22 (3): 1944–1948.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dècamps, H. (Ed.) (1978) Hydrobiologie de la Rivière Lot. Annls Limnol. 14 (1-2): 1–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • den Hartog, C. (1982) Architecture of macrophyte-dominated aquatic communities. In: Symoens, J. J., Hooper, S. S. & Compère, P. Studies on Aquatic Vascular Plants. Royal Botanical Society of Belgium, Brussels, pp. 222–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denny, P. (1980) Solute movement in submerged angiosperms. Biol. Rev. 55: 65–92.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denny, P. (1985) Submerged and floating-leaved aquatic macrophytes (euhydrophytes). In: Denny, P. (ed.), The ecology and management of African wetland vegetation. Geobotany 6: 19–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, R. W. and Brooker, M. P. (1982) The ecology of the Wye. Monographiae Biologicae 50, Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, 164 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichenberger, E. (1983) The effect of the seasons on the growth of Ranunculus fluitans Lam. Proc. Int. Symp. Aquat. Macrophytes (Nijmegen, 18-23 September 1983), pp. 63–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekzertzev, V. A. (1979) The higher aquatic vegetation of the Volga. In: Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, Ph.D. (ed.), The River Volga and its life. Monographiae Biologicae 33, 271–194. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaudet, J. J. (1974) The normal role of vegetation in water. In: Mitchell, D. S. (ed.), vegetation its use and control. UNESCO, Paris, pp. 24–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gessner, F. (1955) Hydrobotanik. Die physiologischen Grundlagen der Pflanzenverbreitung im Wasser. I. Energiehaushalt. Deutscher Verl. der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 517 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gessner, F. (1959) Hydrobotanik. Die physiologischen Grundlagen der Pflanzenverbreitung im Wasser. II. Stoffhaushalt. Deutscher Verl. der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 701 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gimmingham, C. H. & Birse, E. M. (1957) Ecological studies on growth forms in Bryophytes I. Correlations between growth form and habitat. J. Ecol. 45: 533–545.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glück, H. (1905) Biologische und morphologische Untersuchungen über Wasser-und Sumpfgewächse. I. Die Lebensgeschichte der europäischen Alismaceen. Fischer, Jena.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glück, H. (1906) Biologische und morphologische Untersuchungen über Wasser-und Sumpfgewächse. II. Untersuchungen über die Mitteleuropäischen Utricularia-Arten über die Turionenbildung bei Wasserpflanzen, sowie über Ceratophyllum Fischer, Jena.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glück, H. (1911) Biologische und morphologische Untersuchungen über Wasser-und Sumpfgewächse. III. Die Uferflora. Fischer, Jena.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glück, H. (1924) Biologische und morphologische Untersuchungen über Wasser-und Sumpfgewächse. IV. Submerse und Schwimmblattflora. Fischer, Jena, 746 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glyme, J. M. & Carr, R. E. (1974) Temperature survival of Fontinalis novae-angliae Süll. The Bryologist 77: 17–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golterman, H. L. & Kouwe, F. A. (1980) Chemical budgets and nutrient pathways. In: Le Cren, E. D. & Lowe-McConnell, R. H. (eds.), The Functioning of freshwater ecosystems. IBP No. 22. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 85–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopal, B. & Sharma, K. P. (1981) Water Hyacinth (Eichhomia crassipes) the most troublesome weed of the world. Hindasia Publications, Delhi, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrod, J. J. (1964) The distribution of invertebrates on submerged aquatic plants in a chalkstream. J. anim. Ecol. 33: 335–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, S. M. (1978) River Plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 396 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, S. M. & Wolseley, P. A. (1981) River Vegetation, its Identification, Assessment and Mangement, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 154 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, N. T. H. (1983) Typing British rivers according to their flora. Focus on Nature Conservation No. 4 Nature Conservancy Council, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, 194 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ham, S. F., Wright, J. F. & Berrie, A. D. (1981) Growth and recession of aquatic macrophytes on an unshaded section of the River Lambourn, England, from 1971 to 1976. Freshwat. Biol. 11: 381–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ham, S. F., Cooling, D. A., Hiley, P. D., McLeish, P. R., Scorgie H. R. A. & Berrie, A. D. (1982a) Growth and recession of aquatic macrophytes on a shaded section of the River Lambourn, England, from 1971 to 1980. Freshwat. Biol. 12: 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ham, S. F., Wright, J. F. & Berrie, A. D. (1982b) The effect of cutting on the growth and recession of the freshwater macrophyte Ranunculus penicillatus (Dumort.) Bab. var. calcareus (R. W. Butcher) C. D. K. Cook, J. Environ. Manage. 15: 263–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard-Williams C., Davies J. & Pickmere, S. (1982) The dynamics of growth, the effects of changing area and nitrate uptake by watercress Nasturtium officinale R. Br. in a New Zealand stream. J. appl. Ecol. 19: 589–601.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hydraulics Research Ltd. (1985) The hydraulic roughness of vegetation in open channels. Report IT 281 (SR36). Hydraulics Research Ltd., Wallingford, 39 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hynes, H. B. N. (1970) The Ecology of Running Waters, Liverpool University Press, 555 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, J. T. & Proctor, M. C. F. (1985) Water velocity, growth-form and diffusion resistances to photosynthetic CO2 uptake in aquatic bryophytes. Plant, Cell and Environment 8: 317–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jorga, W. & Weise, G. (1978) Biomasseenwicklung submerser Makrophyten in langsam fliessenden Gewässern in Beziehung zum Sauerstoffhaushalt. Intern. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. 62: 209–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kern-Hansen, U. & Dawson, F. H. (1978) The standing crop of aquatic plants of lowland streams in Denmark and the inter-relationships of nutrients in plant, sediment and water. Proc. 5th Eur. Weed Res. Coun. Symp. Aquat. Weeds, pp. 143–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kofoid, C. A. (1908) The plankton of the Illinois River 1894-1899. Part III constituent organisms and their seasonal distribution. Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. VIII Article 1: 1–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ladle, M. & Casey, H. (1971) Growth and nutrient relationships of Ranunculus penicillatus var. calcareus in a small chalk stream. Proc. Eur. Weed Res. Counc. 3rd int. Symp. Aquatic Weeds 1971, pp. 53–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Cren, E. D. & Lowe-McConnell, R. H. (1980) The functioning of freshwater ecosystems IBP 22 Eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, 588 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, K. (1973a) The effect of suspended coal particles on the life forms of the aquatic moss Eurhynchium riparioides (Hedw.) I. The gametophyte plant. Freshw. Biol. 3: 251–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, K. (1973b) The effect of suspended coal particles on the life forms of the aquatic moss Eurhychium ripariodes (Hedw.) II. The effect on spore germination and regeneration of apical tips. Freshw. Biol. 3: 391–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowe, R. L. (1979) Phytobenthic Ecology and Regulated streams. In: Ward, J. V. & Stanford, J. A., (eds.), Proceeding First International Symposium on Regulated Streams (Erie, Pennsylvania, 18-20 April 1979), pp. 25–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madsen, J. D. (1986) The production and physiological ecology of the submerged aquatic macrophyte community in Badfish Creek, Wisconsin, Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, E. J. P. and Westlake, D. F. (1978) Recent studies on the role of aquatic macrophytes in their ecosystem. Proc. Eur. Weed Res. Counc. 5th int. Symp. Aquatic Weeds, pp. 43–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaelis, F. B. (1976) Watercress (Nasturtium microphyllum (Boenn.) Rchb and N. officinale) in New Zealand cold springs. Aquat. Biol. 2: 317–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, C. A. (1981) The spawning of roach Rutilis rutilis L. in a chalk stream. Fish. Manage. 12: 49–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, D. S. (1974) Aquatic Vegetation and its Use and Control. UNESCO, Paris, 135 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, K. J. & Eaton, J. W. (1982) The management of aquatic plants in a navigable canal system used for amenity and recreation. 6th Int. Symp. Aquatic Weeds (20-25 September 1982). Eur. Weed Res. Soc., pp. 141–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, K. J. & Eaton, J. W. (1983) Effects of pleasure-boat traffic on macrophyte growth in canals. J. applied Ecol. 20: 713–729.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pieterse, A. H. (1978) The water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) ,a review. Abstracts on Tropical Agriculture 4 (2): 9–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitlo, R. H. & Dawson, F. H. (in press) Flow resistance by aquatic vegetation. In: Pieterse, A. H. & Murphy, K. J. (eds.), Aquatic Weeds. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pond, R. H. 1903 (1905) The Biological relation of aquatic plants to the substratum. U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner 24: 484–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven, J., Beardall, J. & Griffiths, H. (1982) Inorganic C-sources for Lemnaea, Cladophora and Ranunculus in a fast-flowing stream: measurements of gas exchange and of Carbon Isotope ratio and their ecological implications. Oecologia (Berl.) 53: 68–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawlence, D. J. & Whitton, J. S. (1976) An elemental survey of the aquatic macrophytes, water and plankton from the Waikato River, North Island, New Zealand. Mauri ora 4: 121–131.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rzóska, J. (1976) The Nile, Biology of an ancient river. Monographiae Biologicae 29, Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sastroutomo, S. S., Ikusima, I., Numata, M. & Izumi, S. (1979) The importance of turions in the propagation of pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.). Ecological Review 19: 75–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Say, P. J. (1978) Le Riou-Mort, affluent du Lot pollué par métaux lourds. I Etude préliminaire de la chimie et des algues benthiques. Annls Limnol. 14 (1-2): 113– 131.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, A. (1985) Distribution, growth and feeding of postemergent grayling Thymallus thymallus in an English river. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 114: 525–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sculthorpe, C. D. (1967) The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. E. Arnold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ska, B. & Van de Borght, P. (1986) The problem of Ranunculus development in the river Semois. Proceedings, EWRS/AAB 7th Symposium on Aquatic Weeds, pp. 307–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slack, K. V. & Feltz, H. R. (1968) Tree leaf control on low-flow water quality in a small Birginia stream. Environm. Sci. Technol. 2: 126–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szczpanski, A. (1976) Limiting factors and productivity of macrophytes. Folia geobot. et phytotaxonom. 11: 337–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szemes, G. (1967) Systematisches Verzeichnis der Pflanzenwelt der Donau mit einer zusammenfassenden Erlauterung. In: Liepolt, R. (ed.), Limnologie der Donau (V). E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 70–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tansley, A. G. (1911) Types of British Vegetation. Cambridge University Press, 416 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tansley, A. G. (1953) The British Islands and their vegetation. Cambridge University Press, xxxviii + 930 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taubaev, T. (1970) Flora of Middle Asiatic waterbodies and its value for the national economy. Inst. Botan., Akad. Nauk Uzbek. SSR, FAN, Tashkent, 491 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thommen, G. H. & Westlake, D. F. (1981) Factors affecting the distribution of populations of Apium nodiflorum and Nasturtium officinale in small chalk streams. Aquat. Bot. 11: 21–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thyssen, N. (1982) Aspects of the oxygen dynamics of a macrophyte dominated lowland stream. In: Symoens, J. J., Hooper, S. S. & Compère, P. (eds.), Studies on Aquatic Vascular Plants. Royal Botanical Society of Belgium, Brussels, pp. 202–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warming, E. (1909) Ecology of Plants. An introduction to the study of plant communities. Engl. transl. by Groom, P. & Balfour, LB. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 422 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehr, J. D. & Whitton, B. B. (1986) Ecological factors relating to the morphological variation in the aquatic moss Rhynchostegium riparoides (Hedw.) C. Jens. J. Bryol. 14: 269–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westlake, D. F. (1966) A model for quantitative studies of photosynthesis by higher plants in streams. Air & Wat. Pollut. Int. J. 10: 883–896.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westlake, D. F. (1966b) The light climate for plants in rivers. In: Bainbridge, R., Evans, G. C. & Rackman, O. (eds.), Light as an ecological factor. Brit. Ecol. Soc. Symp. No. 6, pp. 99–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westlake, D. F. (1967) Some effects of low-velocity currents on the metabolism of aquatic macrophytes. J. exp. Biol. 18: 187–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westlake, D. F. (1968) The biology of aquatic weeds in relation to their management. Proc. 9th Brit. Weed Control Conf., pp. 372–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westlake, D. F. (1975) Macrophytes. In: Whitton, B. A. (ed.), River Ecology. Blackwell Sci. Publs, Oxford ,pp. 106–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westlake, D. F. (1981) The development and structure of aquatic weed populations. Proc. Aquatic Weeds and their Control ,pp. 33–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westlake ,D. F. (1982) The primary productivity of water plants. In: Symoens ,J. J., Hooper ,S. S. & Compère ,P. (eds.). Studies on Aquatic Vascular Plants. Royal Botanical Society of Belgium ,Brussels ,pp. 165–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westlake ,D. F. & Dawson ,F. H. (1982) Thirty years of weed cutting on a chalk stream. Proc. Eur. Weed Res. Soc. 6th Symp. Aquat. Weeds ,pp. 132–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westlake, D. F. & Dawson ,F. H. (1986) The management of Ranunculus calcareus by pre-emptive cutting in southern England. European Weed Research Society, Association of Applied Biologists, 7th International Symposium on Aquatic Weeds (September 1986), pp. 395–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westlake ,D. F. ,Casey ,H. ,Dawson ,F. H. ,Ladle ,M. ,Mann ,R. H. K. & Marker ,A. F. H. (1972) The chalk-stream ecosystem. In: Kajak, Z. & Hillbricht-Ilkowska, A. (eds.), Productivity problems of freshwaters. Proc. IBP/UNESCO Symposium (Kazimierz Dolny, Poland ,6-12 May 1970), pp. 615–635.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitton, B. A. (1972) Environmental limits of plants in flowing waters. In: Edwards, R. W. & Garrod, D. J. (eds.). Conservation and Productivity of Natural Waters. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 29 ,pp. 3–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiegleb, G. (1988) Analysis of flora and vegetation in rivers -concepts and applications. In: Symoens, J. J. (ed.), Handbook of Vegetation Science, vol. 15. Vegetation of inland waters. Dr. W. Junk. This volume, pp. 311–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witcomb, D. M. (1968) The fauna of aquatic plants. Proceedings 9th British Weed Control Conference. British Crop Protection Council, pp. 382–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhadin, V. I. & Gerd, S. V. (1961) Fauna and flora of the rivers lakes and reservoirs of the USSR. (Engl. transl. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem 1963).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. F. H. Dawson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorium voor Algemene Plantkunde en Natuurbeheer, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussel, Belgium

    J. J. Symoens

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dawson, F.H. (1988). Water Flow and the Vegetation of Running Waters. In: Symoens, J.J. (eds) Vegetation of inland waters. Handbook of vegetation science, vol 15-1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3087-2_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3087-2_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7887-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3087-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation