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Water as an Environment for Plant Life

  • Chapter
Vegetation of inland waters

Part of the book series: Handbook of vegetation science ((HAVS,volume 15-1))

Abstract

The immigration of terrestrial plants into the freshwater environment presented numerous physiological barriers. Relatively few angiosperms (< 1 percent) and pteridophytes (< 2 percent) have successfully adapted to total submersion in water. Although certain environmental parameters (e.g. temperature) in water are more constant than in the terrestrial habitat, most conditions below water and in water-saturated sediments are acutely hostile to normal growth and reproductive characteristics of macrophytes. Certain plants, such as the emergent angiosperms that grow in wetlands in continuously water-saturated sediments, have adapted very well and are among the most productive plants in the biosphere. Macrophytes and sessile algae within the water, however, exhibit greatly reduced productivity because of the inhibitory effects of water itself to gaseous transport, reduced light availability, and other factors. Phytoplankton algae are the least productive of all aquatic plants, even under the most optimal conditions, as a result of the restrictive nature of physical, chemical, and in some instances biotic properties of the environment.

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Authors
  1. Robert G. Wetzel
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  1. Laboratorium voor Algemene Plantkunde en Natuurbeheer, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussel, Belgium

    J. J. Symoens

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© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

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Wetzel, R.G. (1988). Water as an Environment for Plant Life. In: Symoens, J.J. (eds) Vegetation of inland waters. Handbook of vegetation science, vol 15-1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3087-2_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3087-2_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

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