Abstract
The frequency of activity in institutional research in grassland ecology has had a bimodal temporal distribution. The first peak occurred about 1940 and was derived from the cadre of ecologists that emanated from the Department of Botany at the University of Nebraska. Range management as a profession partially distinct from grassland ecology, evolved from the Nebraskan network. The first era lasted about 30 years. The inception of the Grassland Biome component of the International Biological Program (IBP) marked the inception of the second era of intense activity by grassland ecologists, the duration of which was about 10 years, peaking in the mid-1970’s. The program produced prodigious detail on grassland ecology, but no new paradigms for the practices of range management. The existence and character of grassland is determined on the basis of prevailing climate, age and human intervention. Community composition, seasonal, trophic and nutrient dynamics, edaphic traits and adaptive fitness are a few of the many ecological concepts that are applied in range management practices. Knowledge of ecological traits of grassland can be used in harmony with knowledge of external forces such as marketability to formulate management plans that might include when, where, with what, how many and how often to graze livestock. From the domain of grassland ecology, the practices of describing range sites and evaluating range condition were brought forth from the concepts of community classification and ecological succession, respectively. Governmental agencies generously utilize these applications, although change and academic controversy are enmeshed. The ecosystem concept, although not directly derived from grassland ecology, is widely vocalized in range management, primarily as a heuristic device rather than one of practicability. The hierarchy is a different approach that recently has been advocated by some ecologists. The relatively recently derived sphere of research in the population biology of plants holds promise for applications in range management, such as revegetation and pest control. Contemporary research in natural plant/herbivore relationships in grasslands has revealed detail on the interdependence of these 2 conspicuous trophic levels, and has provided abundant theorizations for experimentation with domestic animals on rangeland.
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Annotated listing of books of grassland ecology
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Alfred, B. W. 1950. A more or less nontechnical review of range management of the era from the perspective of a federal range conservationist.
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Barnard, C. (ed.) 1974. The majority of this volume deals with the biology of grasses, with only 4 of 14 chapters on ecological subject matter.
Breymeyer, A. I., and G. M. Van Dyne (eds.) 1978. Grasslands, systems analysis and man. IBP synthesis series 18. Cambridge Univ. Press, London.
Breymeyer, A. I., and G. M. Van Dyne (eds.) 1978. A systematic synthesis of Grassland Biome studies, emphasizing processes related to productivity.
Castello, D. F. 1969. The prairie world. Thomas Y. Crowell Co., NY.
Castello, D. F. 1969. A natural history of grassland life including chapters on plants, mammals, birds, insects, reptiles and amphibians, and man.
Coupland, R. T. (ed.) 1979. Grassland ecosystems of the world: analysis of grasslands and their uses. IBP synthesis series 18. Cambridge Univ. Press, London.
Coupland, R. T. (ed.) 1979. Over 30 international contributors on the structure, development and use of the grasslands of the world.
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French, N. R. (ed.) 1979. A collection of articles synthesizing and summarizing IBP Grassland Biome studies.
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Spedding, C. R. W. 1971 A very comprehensive, but succinct treatment of grassland ecology and management, including topics such as individual plants, trophic dynamics and efficiency, animal production and ecosystem modeling.
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Sprague, H. B. (ed.) 1959 Taken from a AAAS symposium in 1956; 37 short papers on grassland agriculture, animal nutrition, climatology, ecology and range management.
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Sprague, H. B. (ed.) 1974 Taken from a symposium of the American Forage and Grassland Council. Topics include a wide variety of subjects such as grassland resources, hydrology, economics, research, wildlife, public lands and recreation.
Staten, H. W. 1952. Grasses and grassland farming. The Devin-Adair Co., NY.
Staten, H. W. 1952 A nontechnical presentation of grassland management, mostly oriented at production of grazable forages.
Swierenga, R. P. (ed.) 1984. History and ecology: studies of the grassland. Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
Swierenga, R. P. (ed.) 1984 A collection of papers by historian James C. Malin on the natural history and settlement of the grassland region of North America.
Tobey, R. C. 1981. Saving the prairies: the life cycle of the founding school of American plant ecology, 1895–1955. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley.
Tobey, R. C. 1981 An outstanding sociohistorical analysis of the rise and fall of a single scientific discipline.
Weaver, J. E. 1954. North American prairie. Johnsen Publ. Co., Lincoln, NB.
Weaver, J. E. 1954 Largely a compilation and synthesis of Weavers previous studies of Great Plains grasslands.
Weaver, J. E., and F. W. Albertson. 1956. Grasslands of the great plains. Johnsen Publ. Co., Lincoln, NE.
Weaver, J. E., and F. W. Albertson. 1956 A comprehensive descriptive ecology of the short and mixed grasslands from Texas and New Mexico to Canada.
Weaver, J. E. 1968. Prairie plants and their environment. Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
Weaver, J. E. 1968 Published posthumously, this volume includes a complete Weaver bibliography and 14 chapters on the ecology of the true prairie.
Whyte, R. O.1968. Grasslands of the monsoon. Frederick A. Praeger, Publ., NY.
Whyte, R. O.1968 A biogeographic treatment of grasslands of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.
Whyte, R. O. 1974. Tropical grazing lands: communities and constituent species. Dr. W. Junk b.v. -Publ. -The hague.
Whyte, R. O. 1974 Grass resources of tropical Africa, Asia and Australia; their origin, composition and management.
Youngner, V. B., and C. M. McKell (eds.) 1972. The biology and utilization of grasses. Academic Press, NY.
Youngner, V. B., and C. M. McKell (eds.) 1972 Resulting from a symposium in 1969, this highly cited 28 chapter volume, covers grass systematics, breeding, ecology and grazing management.
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Nicholson, R. (1988). Range management from grassland ecology. In: Tueller, P.T. (eds) Vegetation science applications for rangeland analysis and management. Handbook of vegetation science, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3085-8_16
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