Abstract
In- and below-cloud scavenging experiments were performed at Deuselbach (49.8°N, 7.2°E), a rural site in West Germany, in April/May and October/November 1985. Cloud water samples were collected on two platforms of a TV-tower on top of a hill (861 m and 821 m a.s.l.), while rain was sequentially sampled at 754 m, 480 m, and 430 m a.s.l. Cloud- and rainwater samples were analyzed for conductivity, major anions, cations, and H2O2. We also monitored the mixing ratios of SO2, NO, NO2, O3 in air and standard meteorological parameters at 821 m and 480 m a.s.l. At the same locations, HNO3, HC1, NH3, and aerosol were measured by discontinuous sampling. The experiments were generally limited to meteorologically simple precipitation events, like frontal rains. A preliminary analysis of the data shows that the trace substance concentrations in cloudwater at the cloud base always exceed those of rainwater by a factor of 1.5 – 4. Also within the cloud a concentration gradient is observed with higher concentrations at the cloud base. Aerosol particles (r > 0.5 µm) seem to be effectively scavenged by rain droplets, while scavenging of trace gases was barely detectable except in the case of HNO3.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Asman, W.A.H., Jonker, P., Slanina, J., Baard, J. 1983. “Interpretation of sequential rain sampling results”. In: H.R. Pruppacher, R.G. Semonin, and W.G.N. Slinn (eds.), Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition, and Resuspension, pp. 265–274, Elsevier New York Amserdam Oxford.
Dibelius, G., Voss, H. 1983. VDI-Berichte No. 487 131, VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, F.R.G.
Hales, J.M. 1972. “Fundamentals of the theory of gas scavenging by rain”, Atmos. Environ. 6, 635–659.
Hegg, D.A. Hobbs, P.V., Radke, L.F. 1984. “Measurements of the scavenging of sulfate and nitrate in clouds”, Atmos. Environ. 18, 1939–1946.
Hegg, D.A., Rutledge, S.A., Hobbs, P.V. 1984. “A Numerical model for sulfur chemistry in warm-frontal rainbands”, J. of Geophys. Res. 89, 1939–1946.
Hobbs, P.V. 1981. “Scales involved in the formation and organization of clouds and precipitation”. In: P.V. Hobbs and A. Deepak (eds.), Clouds, their formation optical properties and effects, pp. 1–14, Academic Press New York London Toronto.
Jaeschke, W. 1985. “Multiphase atmospheric chemistry”. In: W. Jaeschke (ed.), Chemistry of Multiphase Atmospheric Systems, pp. 3–40, Springer Verlag Heidelberg New York.
Kins, L. 1982. Differentialanalysen der chemischen Zusammensetzung von Einzelniederschlägen, Master, thesis, 99 p., J.W.v. Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, F.R.G.
Kins, L., Meixner, F.X., Ehhalt, D.H., Müller, K.P., Slanina, J., Moels, J.J., Beltz, N., Jaeschke, W., Rumpel, K.J. 1986a. “Scavenging of trace substances by clouds and precipitation”. In: Preprints, American Chemical Society, Div. Pet. Chem. 31, No. 2, pp. 457–463.
Kins, L., Junkermann, W., Meixner, F.X., Müller, K.P., Ehhalt, D.H., 1986b. “Development and calibration of a ground-based active collector for cloud- and fogwater”. In: Preprints, American Chemical Society, Div. Pet. Chem. 31, No. 2, pp 527–532.
Meixner, F.X., Jaeschke, W. 1981. The detection of low atmospheric SO2 concentrations with a chemiluminescence technique, Int. J. Environ. Anal.,Chem. 10, 51–67.
Meixner, F.X., Müller, K.P., Aheimer, G., Höfken, K.D. 1985. “Measurements of gaseous nitric acid and particulate nitrate”. In: F.A.A.M. Leeuw, N.D. van Egmond (eds.), Proceedings of the COST action 611 meeting “Pollutant cycles and transport: modelling and field experiments”, pp. 103–119, RIVM Bilthoven, The Netherlands
Meixner, F.X., Franken, H.H. 1986. “Emission and deposition of NH3 in Europe”, Contribution of the KFA Jülich, Final report to the EC, Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNO), Delft, The Netherlands
Müller, K.P. 1984. “Ionen-Chromatographie in Niederschlagswasser”, Fres. Z. Anal. Chem. 317, 345–346
Pruppacher, H.R., Klett, J.D. 1978. Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht Boston London
Rumpel, K.J. 1979. “Kontinuierliche Messung mit dem C0S0 2. In: Berichte des Umweltbundesamtes, pp. 55–64, Umweltbundesamt Berlin, F.R.G.
Schwartz, S.E., White, W.H. 1983. “Kinetics of reactive dissolution of nitrogen oxides into aqueous solution”. In: S.E. Schwartz (ed.), Trace Atmospheric Constituents, pp. 1–116, Advances in Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 12, J. Wiley & Sons, New York
Schwartz, S.E. 1984. “Gas-aqueous reactions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides in liquid water clouds”. In: J.G. Calvert (ed.), S02, NO and NO2 Oxidation mechanisms: Atmospheric Considerations, pp. 173–208, Butterworth Boston
Slanina, J., Can Lamoen-Doornencal, L., Lingerak, W.A., Meilof, W., Klockow, D., Niessner, R. 1980. “Application of thermodenuder analyzer to the determination of H2SO4, HNO3 and NH3 in air”, Report ECN-80–113, Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (ECN), Petten, The Netherlands
Slanina, J., Bakker, F.P., Jongejan, P.A.C., van Lamoen, L., Moels, J.J. 1981. “Fast determination of anions by computerized ion chromatography coupled with selected detectors”, Anal. Chem. Acta 130, 1–8
Slanina, J. 1982. “Measurements of strong acids and the corresponding ammonium salts in the Netherlands”. In: VPI Berichte 429, p. 177–182, VDI Verlag Düsseldorf, F.R.G.
Slanina, J., Schoonebeek, C.A.M., Klockow, D., Miessner, R. 1985. “Determination of sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfates by means of a computer controlled thermodenuder system”, Anal. Chem. 75, 1955–1960 Submitted:
Doyle, K.M., T.J. Fahey and R.D. Paratley. Subalpine heathland ofthe Mahoosuc Range, Maine. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club (submitted).
Fahey, T.J. and J.B. Yavitt. Soil solution chemistry in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) ecosystems, southeastern Wyoming. Biogeochemistry (submitted).
Fahey, T.J., J.B. Yavitt and G. Joyce. Precipitation and throughfall chemistry in lodgepole pine ecosystems, southeastern Wyoming. Can. J. Forest Res, (submitted).
Hughes, J.W. and T.J. Fahey. Seed dispersal and seedling establishment following large-scale disturbance of northern hardwood ecosystems. Journal of Ecology (submitted).
Hughes, J.W. and T.J. Fahey. Population persistence and demographics of a woodland herb, Aster acuminatus. Amer. J. Bot. (submitted).
Nyberg, R.C. and T.J. Fahey. Soil hydrology in lodgepole pine ecosystems, southeastern Wyoming. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. (submitted).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kins, L., Müller, K.P., Ehhalt, D.H., Meixner, F.X. (1988). Experiment Alsdan (1985): Some Preliminary Results of Height Resolved Measurements of Trace Gases, Aerosol Composition, Cloud- and Precipitation Water. In: Unsworth, M.H., Fowler, D. (eds) Acid Deposition at High Elevation Sites. NATO ASI Series, vol 252. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3079-7_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3079-7_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7883-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3079-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive