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Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Interactions — Near-Earth Manifestations of the Plasma Universe

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Plasma and the Universe

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Abstract

As the Universe consists almost entirely of plasma, the understanding of astrophysical phenomena must depend critically on our understanding of how matter behaves in the plasma state. In situ observations in the near-Earth cosmical plasma offer an excellent opportunity of gaining such understanding. The near-Earth cosmical plasma not only covers vast ranges of density and temperature, but is the site of a rich variety of complex plasma physical processes which are activated as a result of the interactions between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere.

The geomagnetic field connects the ionosphere, tied by friction to the Earth, and the magnetosphere, dynamically coupled to the solar wind. This causes an exchange of energy and momentum between the two regions. The exchange is executed by magnetic-field aligned electric currents, the so-called Birkeland currents. Both directly and indirectly (through instabilities and particle acceleration) these also lead to an exchange of plasma, which is selective and therefore causes chemical separation. Another essential aspect of the coupling is the role of electric fields, especially magnetic-field aligned (‘parallel’) electric fields, which have important consequences both for the dynamics of the coupling and, especially, for energization of charged particles.

Paper dedicated to Professor Hannes Alfvén on the occasion of his 80th birthday, 30 May 1988.

Copyright 1986 IEEE Reprinted with permission from IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. PS-14, No.6.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plasma Physics, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

    Carl-Gunne Fälthammar

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  1. Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

    Carl-Gunne Fälthammar

  2. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jola, California, USA

    Gustaf Arrhenius

  3. Chevron Oil Field Research Company, La Habra, California, USA

    Bibhas R. De

  4. Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

    Nicolai Herlofson

  5. University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    D. Asoka Mendis

  6. Department of Astronomy, The University, Manchester, UK

    Zdeněk Kopal

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Fälthammar, CG. (1988). Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Interactions — Near-Earth Manifestations of the Plasma Universe. In: Fälthammar, CG., Arrhenius, G., De, B.R., Herlofson, N., Mendis, D.A., Kopal, Z. (eds) Plasma and the Universe. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3021-6_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3021-6_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7858-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3021-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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