Abstract
Indonesia is a humid tropical country composed of about 13,800 islands, of which only about 6,100 have names and 1,000 islands or 7% are populated. There are 12 main islands with sizes of more than 4,500 km2 and constitute around 97% of the whole Indonesian land territory of 1.9 million km2. The sea region measured in the 12 mile limit is about 5.2 million km2 or about 73% of the entire territory. The Economic Exclusive Zone is about 2.7 million km2, and the total sea area is consequently about 7.9 million km2. They all are located in between 94° 45’ E and 141° 05’ E and between 6° 08’ N and 11° 15’ S. The longest distance from east to west is about 5,110 km and the maximum width from north to south is 1,888 km. Indonesia has about 81,000 km of coastlines, 3.6 million ha of mangroves and 1,000s of ha of living corals. About 75% of the towns and cities of more than 100,000 population are located in the coastal area. This equatorial archipelago is located between 2 continents, Asia and Australia, and between 2 oceans, the Pacific and the Indian Oceans (BPS 1978, Soegiarto 1976, modified).
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© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers
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Ongkosongo, O.S.R. (1988). Indonesia. In: Walker, H.J. (eds) Artificial Structures and Shorelines. The GeoJournal Library, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2999-9_43
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2999-9_43
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