Skip to main content

The Scope for Energy Conserving Action: A Comparison of the Attitudinal and Thermal Comfort Approaches

  • Chapter
Environmental Social Psychology

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASID,volume 45))

Abstract

A well-established biophysical theory of human requirements of indoor climate denies the existence of any individual or group (including ethnic and cultural) differences in the experience of the thermal environment, or of attitudinal differences upon this experience. This limits severely the possibility of energy conservation in the largest sector of energy use in Europe. Social psychologists, on the other hand, regard thermal requirements as manipulable, particularly by attitudinal interventions which change the evaluations made of given psychophysiological circumstances. Environmental psychologists have taken the view that the human relationship with the environment is at the very least interactive and thus that satisfaction with particular environments can only be predicted if level of personal control, culture, environmental role and personal characteristics are entered into the equation. The two major literatures related to energy conservation (via the biophysical theory, and social psychology) are compared and requirements for further research outlined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Becker, L J, Seligman, C, Fazio, R H & Darley, J M: “Relating attitudes to residential energy use” Environment and Behavior. 13, 590–609 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, S & Winkler, J: “Household energy conservation: strategies for energy conservation” Presented at International Conference on Consumer Behavior and Energy Policy Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, September 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabanac, M: “Plaisir ou deplaisir de la sensation thermique et homeothermie” Physiology and Behaviour. 4, 359–364 1969

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, I: “Comfort and energy conservation: a need for reconciliation” Energy and Buildings. 5, 83–87 1982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dholakia, R R, Dholakia, N & Firat, F F: “From social psychology to political economy: a model of energy-use behavior” in Ester, P, Gaskell, G, Joerges, B, Midden, C J H, van Raaij, W F & de Vries, T (eds): Consumer Behaviour and Energy Policy: Selected/Edited proceedings of the 1st International Conference September 1982 (Reprinted from Journal of Economic Psychology, 1983, 3(3), 3(4), 4(1) and 4(2) North-Holland Press 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillman, D A, Rosa, E A & Dillman, J J: “Lifestyle and home energy consumption in the United States: the poor accept lifestyle cutbacks while the wealthy invest in conservation” in Fanger, P O: Thermal Comfort New York: McGraw-Hill pp 79–96 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Energy Statistics Yearbook: Statistical Office of the European Communities: Brussels 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Ester, P, Gaskell, G, Joerges, B, Midden, C J H, van Raaij, W F & de Vries, T (eds): Consumer Behaviour and Energy Policy: Seletected/Edited proceedings of the 1st International Conference September 1982 (Reprinted from Journal of Economic Psychology, 1983, 3(3), 3(4), 4(1) and 4(2) North-Holland Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanger, P O: Thermal Comfort New York: McGraw-Hill 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein M & Ajzen, M: Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, D S & Pimbert, S L “The thermal environment in offices” Energy and Buildings. 5, 109–116 1982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaskell, G, Ellis, P & Pike R: The Energy Literate Consumer Final Report to the Social Science Research Council, Grant no. RB/18/12/3 London 1981

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb, D & Matre, M: Social dimensions of the energy crisis: a follow-up study Energy Institute, Houston Texas: University of Houston 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Grivel, F & Barth, M “Thermal comfort in office spaces: predictions and observations” In O E Fernandes et al Building Energy Management Conference Proceedings Oxford: Pergamon pp 681–693 1981

    Google Scholar 

  • Heberlein, T A & Warriner, G K: “The influence of price and attitude on shifting residential electricity consumption from on- to off-peak periods” in Ester, P, Gaskell, G, Joerges, B, Midden, C J H, van Raaij, W F & de Vries, T (eds): Consumer Behaviour and Energy Policy: Seletected/Edited proceedings of the 1st International Conference September 1982 (Reprinted from Journal of Economic Psychology, 1983, 3(3), 3(4), 4(1) and 4(2) North-Holland Press 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hensel, H: “Electrophysiology of cutaneous thermoreceptors” in D R Kenshalo (ed) The Skin Senses Charles C Thomas: Springfield, Illinois 1968

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, W C & Kennedy, P: “Field validation of the Fanger thermal comfort model” Human Factors, 21(2), 229–239. 1979

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys, M A: “Desirable temperatures in dwellings” Building Services Engineer. 44, 176–180 1976a

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys, M A: “Field studies of thermal comfort compared and applied” Building Services Engineer, 44, 5–27 1976b

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, D R G & Gidman, M I: “A national field survey of house temperatures” Building and Environment, 17,(2), 107–124 1982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, D R & Steele, M R: “Domestic temperature trends” Heating and Ventilating Engineering, 54, 5–15 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • International Organisation for Standardisation ISO/DIS/7730 Moderate thermal environments - determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort 1983

    Google Scholar 

  • Katzer, R: “The impact of commitment in promoting consumer energy conservation” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Consumer Behavior and Energy Policy Versailles, France April 1985

    Google Scholar 

  • McDougall, G, Claxton, G, Brent-Ritchie, J & Dennis-Anderson, C “Consumer energy research: A review” Journal of Consumer Research. 8, 343–354 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, D A: “Seven point scales of warmth” Building Services Engineer. 45, 215–226 1978

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, D A: Indocr Climate London: Applied Science Publishers Ltd 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Macey, & Brown, M A: “Residential energy conservation: the role of past experience in repetitive household behaviour” Environment and Behavior. 15, 123–141 1983

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Midden, C J & Risema, S M: “The meaning of normative processes for energy conservation” in Fanger, P O: Thermal Comfort New York: McGraw-Hills pp 119–137 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • National Consumer Council (UK) Paving for loft insulation: a review of the Home Insulation Scheme 1978 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, M: “Consumers’ attitudes toward energy conservation” Journal of Social Issues. 37, 108–131 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, N & Nelson, E: “Energy savings in private households” Journal of the Market Research Society, 18 (4) 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulton, E C “Quantitative subjective assessments are almost always biased, sometimes completely misleading” British Journal of psychology. 68, 409–425 1977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Consumer Behavior and Energy Policy: Versailles, France April 1985

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, M H & Williams, R H: Our energy: regaining control New York: McGraw Hill

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, C, Kriss, M, Darley, J M, Fazio, R H, Becker, L J & Pryor,J B: “Predicting summer energy consumption from homeowners’ attitudes” Applied Social Psychology. 9, 70–90 1979

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, P & Gardner, G: “Psychological research and energy policy” American Psychologist. 36, 329–342 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, P, Black, J S & Elworth, J: “Personal and contextual influences on household energy adaptations” Presented at International Conference on Consumer Behavior and Energy Policy. Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, September 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Stutzman, T M & Green, S B: “Factors affecting energy consumption: two field tests of the Fishbein-Ajzen model” Journal of Social Psychology. 117, 183–201 1982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Raaij, W F & Verhallen, T M: “Patterns of residential energy conservation programs” in Fanger, P O: Thermal Comfort New York: McGraw-Hill pp 97–118 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhallen, T M & Van Raaij, W F: “Household behaviour and the use of natural gas for home heating” Journal of Consumer Research. 8. 253–257 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, D: Individual and community effects for response to the energy crisis of winter 1974: an analysis of survey findings from eight Detroit-area communities University of Michigan Institute of labor and Industrial Relations 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Waverman, L: “Estimating the demand for energy: heat without light” Energy Policy. 5, 1–11 1977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winett, R, Kazel, J H, Battalio, R C & Winkler, R C: “Effects of monetary rebates and daily feedback and information on residential electricity conservation” Journal of Applied Psychology. 63, 73–80 1978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winett, R A, Love, S Q, Stahl, B, Chinn, DE & Lickliter, I N: “A field-based approach to the development of comfort standards, energy conservation strategies, and media-based motivational strategies: a replication and extension of winter findings” ASHRAE Transactions. 89 (2B) 667–679 1983

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, R C & Winett, R A: “Behavioural inteventions in resource management: a systems approach based on behavioral economics” American Psychologist. 37, 421–435 1982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wyndham, C H: “Behavioural adaptation to cold of Kalahari Bushmen” Journal of Physiology (Paris) 63, 462 et seq 1971

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Griffiths, I.D., Huber, J.W., Baillie, A.P. (1988). The Scope for Energy Conserving Action: A Comparison of the Attitudinal and Thermal Comfort Approaches. In: Canter, D., Jesuino, J.C., Soczka, L., Stephenson, G.M. (eds) Environmental Social Psychology. NATO ASI Series, vol 45. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2802-2_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2802-2_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7760-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2802-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics