Abstract
Four hundred and eighty university students of both sexes and already employed were asked to state their agreement on a 5-point scale with a series of items. In these items five different implicit theories about the discrimination of women at work were operationalized: progressive, biological, liberal, traditional and women as innovators. Three sub-scales of the SOPOL scale of social and political attitudes, already validated in Portugal, were included in the questionnaire. The results showed an internal validity in all implicit theories except the progressive one. Furthermore, the sex of the subjects and their political positions presented significant differences on the agreement with those implicit theories. The intergroup relations theory of social identity and implicit theory such as social representation were used as theoretical frames to interpret the results.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amancio, L.: Estereótipos e identidade psicossocial das mulheres trabalhadoras in Actas do Colóquio A Mulher na Sociedade Portuguesa. Vol 1, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra. 1986
Asch, S.E.: Social Psychology New York: Prentice Hall. 1952.
Broverman, I.K., Vogel, S.R., Broverman, D.H., Clarkson, F.E., & Rosenkrantz, P.S.: Sex role stereotypes: a current appraisal Journal of Social Issues. 28, 2, 59–78 1972.
Bruner, J.S. & Tagiuri, R.: The perception of people, in Handbook of Social Psychology Vol 2 G. Linzey (ed) Cambridge, Mass: Addison-Wesley 1954.
Deaux, K. & Emswiller, T.: Explanations of successful performance on sex linked tasks: what is skill for the male is luck for the female Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 29, 80–85 1974.
Deaux, K.: Sex: a perspective on the attribution process, in New Directions in Attribution Research Vol 1 J H Harvey, W J Ickes & R F Kidd (eds) New York: Erlbaum. 1976.
Deschamps, J.C.: L’attribution, la catégorisation sociale et les representations intergroupales Bulletin de Psychologie. 27, 710–721 1973–4.
Deschamps, J.C.: L’attribution et la catégorisation sociale Peter Lang 1977.
Doise, W.: L’explication en psychologie sociale Paris: P.U.F. 1982.
Doise, W., & Weinberger, M.: Réprésentations masculines dans différentes situations de rencontres mixtes Bulletin de Psychologie. 26, 649–657 1972–73.
Feather, N.T. & Simon, J.G.: Reactions to male and female success and failure in sex-linked occupations: impressions of personality, causal attributions and perceived likelihood of different consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 31, 20–31, 1975.
Feldman-Summers, S., & Kiesler, S.B.: Those who are number two try harder: the effect of sex on attributions of causality Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 30, 846–855 1974.
Furnham, A.: Why are the poor always with us? Explanations for poverty in Britain British Journal of Social Psychology. 21. 311–322 1982a.
Furnham, A.: Explanations for unemployment in Britain European Journal of Social Psychology. 12, 335–352 1982b.
Hagen, R.L. & Kahn, A.: Discrimination against competent women Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 5, 362–376 1975.
Huici, C.: The individual and social functions of sex role stereotypes in The social dimension: European developments in Social Psychology H Tajfel (ed) Cambridge University Press 1984.
McKee, J.P., & Sherriffs, A.C.: The differential evaluation of males and females Journal of Personality. 25. 356–371 1957.
Mendez, R.G. & Perez, A.R.: Muier y trabaio: un acercamiento desde las teorias implicitas Paper presented at the Spanish National Congress of Social Psychology in Granada 1985.
Moscovici, S.: La psychanalyse, son image et son public Paris: P.U.F. 1961.
Moscovici, S.: On social representations in Social Cognition: perspectives in everyday understanding J.P. Forgas (ed) London: Academic Press. 1981.
Paicheler, J.: L’épistémologie du sens commun, in Psychologie Sociale S Moscovici (ed) Paris: P.U.F. 1984.
Rosenkrantz, P.S., Vogel, S.R., Bee, H., Broverman, I., & Broverman, D.H.: Sex role stereotypes and self-concepts in college students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 32, 3, 287–295 1968.
Schaffer, D.R. & Wegley, C.: Success orientation and sex role congruence as determinants of the attractiveness of competent women Journal of Personality. 12, 586–600 1974.
Silva, M.: O emprego das mulheres em Portugal. A “mão invisivel” na discriminação sexual no emprego Porto: Afrontamento 1986.
Soczka, L.: A factor analytic study on the structure of sociopolitical attitudes in Portugal Multivariate Behaviour Research 1986.
Sousa, E.: Concepções de familia e trabalho em Portugal in Actas do Colóquio A Mulher na Sociedade Portuguesa. Vol 1, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra 1986.
Steffen, V.J. & Eagly, A.H.: Implicit theories about influence style. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 11,2, 191–205 1985.
Tajfel, H.: La catégorisation sociale in Introduction à la Psychologie Sociale vol 1 S Moscovici (ed) Paris: Larousse 1972.
Tajfel, H.: Differentiation between social groups: studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations European Monographs in Social Psychology, no. 14, London: Academic Press 1978.
Tajfel, H.: Human groups and social categories Cambridge University Press 1981.
Vala, J.: La production sociale de la violence. Representations et comportements Thése de doctorat présentée à la Faculté Catholique de Louvain 1984.
van Knippenberg, A., & van Oers, H.: Social identity and equity concerns in intergroup perceptions British Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 351–361 1984.
Williams, J.E., & Best, D.L.: Sex stereotypes and intergroup relations in Psychology of intergroup relations 2nd ed. S Worchel & W G Austin (eds) Chicago: Nelson Hall 1984.
Williams, J., & Giles, H.: The changing status of women in society: an intergroup perspective in Differentiation between social groups: studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations H Tajfel (ed) European Monographs in Social Psychology, no. 14, London: Academic Press 1978.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Amancio, L., Soczka, L. (1988). Social Identity and Implicit Theories about Sex Discrimination at Work. In: Canter, D., Jesuino, J.C., Soczka, L., Stephenson, G.M. (eds) Environmental Social Psychology. NATO ASI Series, vol 45. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2802-2_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2802-2_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7760-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2802-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive