Skip to main content

A Motivational Approach to Volition: Activation and De-Activation of Memory Representations Related to Uncompleted Intentions

  • Chapter
Cognitive Perspectives on Emotion and Motivation

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASID,volume 44))

Abstract

For several decades volitional concepts have been widely neglected in psychology. Today, we have reasons to believe that the philosophical objections against their use do not justify that theoretical abstinence (Kuhl, 1984). Modern conceptions of volition emerging in various subfields of psychology demonstrate that the criticisms concerning introspectionistic, mentalistic, and moralistic connotations of classical concepts of volition can be overcome without removing those concepts altogether. In this article, we will summarize our own approach to volition, which developed from a motivational perspective, compare it to some current cognitive approaches to volition, and present the results of several experiments that illustrate the commonalities and differences between motivational and cognitive approaches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ach, N. (1910). Über die Willenstätigkeit und das Denken. Eine experimentelle Untersuchung mit einem Anhange. Über das Hippsche Chronoskop. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ach, N. (1935). Analyse des Willens. In E. Abderhalden (Ed.), Handbuch der biologischen Arbeitsmethoden, Bd. VI. Berlin: Urban & Schwarzenberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. R. (1983). The architecture of cognition. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, J. W. (Ed.). (1958). Motives in fantasy, action, and society. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, J.W., & Birch, D. (1970). The dynamics of action. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann, J., & Kuhl, J. (1984). Altering information to gain action control: Functional aspects of human information processing in decision-making. Journal of Research in Personality, 18, 223–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunstein, J. C., & Olbrich, E. (1985). Personal helplessness and action control: An analysis of achievement-related cognitions, self-assessments, and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1540–1551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Czikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feather, N. T. (1967). Valence of outcome and expectation of success in relation to task difficulty and perceived locus of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 7, 372–386.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feather, N. T. (Ed.) (1982). Expectations and actions: Expectancy-value models in psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goschke, T., & Kuhl, J. (1987). Memory for intention-related knowledge: Task-irrelevant activation of future goals. Manuscript in preparation. University of Osnabrück, F.R.G.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, V. (1983). The cognitive structures and processes of human motivation and personality. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiroto, D. S., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Generality of learned helplessness in man. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 311–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Humbert, Ch. (1981). Schwierigkeitswahl und Leistung nach Erfolg und Misserfolg als Funktion von Lageorientierung und Standardsetzung. Unpublished thesis. Ruhr University Bochum, F.R.G.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models: Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J. (1981). Motivational and functional helplessness: The moderating effect of state vs action orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 155–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J. (1982). Handlungskontrolle als metakognitiver Vermittler zwischen Intention und Handeln: Freizeitaktivität bei Hauptschüler. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 14, 141–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J. (1983a). Motivation, Konflikt, und Handlungskontrolle. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J. (1983b). Motivationstheoretische Aspekte der Depressionsgenese: Der Einfluss von Lageorientierung auf Schmerzempfinden, Medikamentenkonsum und Handlungskontrolle. In M. Wolferdorf, R. Straub, & G. Hole (Eds.), Der depressive Kranke in der psychiatrischen Klinik: Theorie und Praxis der Diagnostik und Therapie (pp. 411-424). Regensburg: Roeder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J. (1984). Volitional aspects of achievement motivation and learned helplessness: Toward a comprehensive theory of action control. In B. A. Maher (Ed.), Progress in experimental personality research. Vol. 13 (pp. 99–171). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J. (1985). Volitional mediators of cognition-behavior consistency: Self-regulatory processes and action versus state orientation. In J. Kuhl, & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 101–128). Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J. (1986). Motivation and information processing: A new look at decision-making, dynamic conflict, and action control. In R.N. Sorrentino, & E.T. Higgins (Eds.), The Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior (pp. 404–434). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J., & Atkinson, J. W. (Eds.). (1986). Motivation, thought, and action. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J., & Eisenbeiser, T. (1986). Mediating vs. meditating cognitions in human motivation: Action control, inertial motivation and the alienation effect. In J. Kuhl, & J. W. Atkinson (Eds.), Motivation, thought, and action. (pp. 288–306). New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J., & Helle, L. (1986). Motivational and volitional determinants of depression: The degenerated-intention hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 247–251.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J., & Schneider, W. (1987). Emotion control and self-regulation: Avoidance of sadness-inducing stimuli while resisting temptation. Manuscript submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl, J., & Weiss, M. (1985). Performance deficits following uncontrollable failure: Impaired action control or generalized expectancy deficits? Munich: Max Planck Institut for Psychological Research, Paper No 5/84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewe, B. (1983). Handlungs- versus Lageorientierung als Moderator der Verhaltenswirksamkeit von Kausalattributionen. Unpublished thesis. Ruhr University Bochum, F.R.G.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K. (1938). The conceptual representation and measurement of psychological forces. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. A., & Lowell, E. L. (1953). The achievement motive. New York: Appleton Century Crofts.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, G. A., Galanter, E., & Pribram, K. H. (1960). Plans and the structure of behavior. London: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mischel, W., Ebbesen, E. G., & Zeiss, A. R. (1972). Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21, 204–218.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morrris, L. W., & Liebert, R. M. (1969). Effects of anxiety on timed and untimed intelligence tests. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 240–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman, D. A. (1980). Twelve issues for cognitive science. Cognitive Science, 4, 1–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman, D.A. (1981). Categorization of action slips. Psychological Review, 88, 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1985). Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behavior. In R. J. Davidson, G. E. Schwartz, & D. Shapiro (Eds.), Consciousness and self-regulation: Advances in research, Vol. 4. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raaijmakers, J., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1981). Search of associative memory. Psychological Review, 88, 93–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratcliff, R. (1978). A theory of memory retrieval. Psychological Review, 85, 59–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reason, J. T. (1984). Absent-mindedness and cognitive control. In J. E. Harris, & P. E. Morris (Eds.), Everyday memory, actions, and absent-mindedness. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reitman, W. K. (1960). Motivational induction and the behavioral correlates of the achievement and affiliative motives. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60, 8–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. San Francisco: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vallacher, R. R., & Wegner, D. M. (1985). A theory of action identification. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B. (1980). Human motivation. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B. Russel, D., & Lerman, D. (1978). Affective consequences of causal ascriptions. In J. H. Harvey, W. Ickes, and R. F. Kidd (Eds.), New directions in attribution research (Vol. 2, pp. 59–90). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B., & Sierad, J. (1975). Misattribution for failure and enhancement of achievement strivings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 415–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wine, J. (1971). Test anxiety and direction of attention. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 92–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kuhl, J., Kazen-Saad, M. (1988). A Motivational Approach to Volition: Activation and De-Activation of Memory Representations Related to Uncompleted Intentions. In: Hamilton, V., Bower, G.H., Frijda, N.H. (eds) Cognitive Perspectives on Emotion and Motivation. NATO ASI Series, vol 44. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2792-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2792-6_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7756-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2792-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics