Skip to main content

Biology and Female Crime

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASID,volume 40))

Abstract

Biological explanations of female crime have existed since at least the turn of the century. However, in a previous general review of research on female criminality (Widom, 1978a), very little empirical work was found that has focused on biological factors, with the exception of Dalton’s papers on the relationship between the menstrual cycle and female crime. This chapter reviews the existing research on the relationship between biology and female crime. It is not an attempt to determine whether female crime results primarily from biological causes. It is an effort to stimulate and guide future research in promising directions. The literature on sex differences in aggressiveness or criminality will not be reviewed here, since many such reviews already exist (e.g., Cloninger, Christiansen, Reich, & Gottesman, 1978; Maccoby & Jacklin, 1980; Wilson & Herrnstein, 1985).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abplanalp, J. M., Donnelly, A. F., & Rose, R. M. (1979). Psychoendocrinology of menstrual cycle, I: Enjoyment of dally activities and moods. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 587–604.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arkonac, O., & Guze, S. B. (1963). A family study of hysteria. New England Journal of Medicine, 266, 239–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bohmen, M. (1971). A comparative study of adopted children, foster children and children in their biological environment born after undesired pregnancies. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, suppl. 221, pp. 1–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchsbaum, M. S., Coursey, R. D., & Murphy, D. L. (1976). The biochemical high-risk paradigm: Behavior and familial correlates of low platelet monomeine oxidase activity. Science, 194, 339–341.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burt, C. (1948). The young delinguent, London: University of London Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cadoret, R. J., Cain, C. A., & Crowe, R. R. (1983). Evidence for gene-enveiornment interaction in the development of adolescent antisocial behavior. Behavior Genetics, 13, 301–310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Canter, R. J. (1982). Sex differences in self-report delinquency. Criminology, 20, 373–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, K. O. (1977). A preliminary study of criminality among twins. In S. A. Mednick and K. O. Christiansen (Eds.), Biosocial bases of criminal behavior, New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, A. E., & Ruble, D. N. (1978). Young adolescents’ beliefs concerning menstruation. Child Development, 49, 231–234.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cloninger, C. R., Christiansen, K. O., Reich, T., & Gottesman, I. I. (1978). Implications of sex differences in the prevalence of antisocial personality, alcoholism, and criminality for familial transmission, Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 941–951.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clonlnger, C. R., & Guze, S. B. (1970). Female criminels: Their personal, familial, and social backgrounds. Archives of General Psychiatry, 23, 554–558.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clonlnger, C. R., Reich, T., & Guze, S. B. (1975). The multifactorial model of disease transmission: I. Sex differences in the familial transmission of sociopathy (antisocial personality). British Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 11–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Codke, W. R. (1945). Presidential address: The differential psychology of the American woman. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 49, 457–472.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coursey, R. D., Buchsbaum, M. S., & Murphy, D. L. (1979). Platelet MAO activity and evoked potentials in the Identification of subjects biologically at risk for psychiatric disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 372.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cowie, J., Cowie, V., & Slater, E. (1978). Delinquency in girls. London: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowe, R. R. (1974). An adoption study of antisocial personality. Archives of General Psychiatry, 31., 785–791.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, K. (1960). Effect of menstruation on schoolgirls’ weekly work. British Medical Journal, 1, 326–328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, K. (1961). Menstruation and crime. British Medical Journal, 2, 1752–1743.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, K. (1964). The premenstrual syndrome. Springfield, Illinois: C. C. Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, K. (1977). Premenstrual syndrome and progesterone therapy, London: Heinemann Medical Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, K. (1982). Premenstrual tension: An overview. In R. Friedman (Ed.), Behavior and the menstrual cycle, New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel, A. E., Hariis, P. W., & Husain, S. A. (1981). Differences between midlife female offenders and those younger than 40. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138. 1225–1228.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeJong, R., Rubinow, D. R., Roy-Byrne, P., Hoben, M. C., Grover, G. N., & Post, R. M. (1985). Premenstrual mood disorder and psychiatric illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 1359–1361.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • d’Orban, P. T. (1971). Social and psychiatric aspects of female crime. Medicine, Science and Law, 11, 1964–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • d’Orban, P. T., & Dalton, K. (1980). Violent crime and the menstrual cycle. Psychological Medicine, 10, 353–359.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrenkrantz, J., Bliss, E., & Sheard, M. (1974). Plasma testosterone: Correlation with aggressive behavior and social dominance in man. Psychosomatic Medicine, 36, 469–475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, D. P., & Austin, P. (1971). Menstruation and aggressive behavior in a correctional center for women. Journal of Criminal Law. Crinlnology, and Police Science, 62, 388–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epps, P., & Parnell, R. W. (1952). Physique and temperament of women delinquents compared with women undergraduates. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 25, 249–255.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farley, S. H., & Farley, S. V. (1972). Stimulus-seeking motivation and delinquent behavior among Institutionalized delinquent girls. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 39, 140–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forsaman, H., & Hambert, G. (1967). Chromsomes and antisocial behavior. Excerpta Criminologica, 7, 113–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbens, T. C. N. (1971). Female offenders. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, Sept., 279–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbens, T. C. N., & Prince, J. (1962). Shoplifting, London: Institute fop the Study and Tree true nt of Delinquency.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glick, R. M., & Neto, V. V. (1977). National study of women’s correctional programs, Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glueck, S., & Glueck, E. T. (1934). Five hundred delinquent women, New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golub, S., & Harrington, D. M. (1981). Premenstrual and menstrual mood chenges in adolescent women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 961–965.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, J. D. (1975). The behevior of hypersexuel delinquent girls. American Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 662–668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goy, R. W. (1973). In Motulsky, A. G., & Lentz, W. (Eds.), Birth defects, Amsterdam: Excerpts Medice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gudjonsson, G. H., & Roberts, J. C. (1985). Psychological and physiological characteristics of personality-disordered petlents. In Ferrlngtoh, D. P. & Gunn, J. (Eds.), Aggression and dangerousness. New York: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halbreich, V., & Endicott, J. (1982). Classification of premenstrual syndrome. In Friedman, R. C. (Ed.), Behavior and the menstrual cycle. New York: Marcel Dekker.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallstrom, T. (1983). Early life experiences that relate to later aggression by women. In Van Dusen, K. T., & Mednick, S. A. (Eds.), Prospective studies of crime and delinquency. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R. D., & Schalling, D. (Eds.) (1978). Delinquents and criminals: Their making and unmaking. New York: Macmillen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hindelang, M. J. (1979). Sex differences in criminal activity. Social Problems, 27, 143–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hook, E. B. (1973). Behavior implications of the human XYY genotype. Science, 179, 139–150.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Homey, J. (1978). Menstruel cyclee and criminal responsibility. Law and Human Behavior, 2, 25–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jecobs, P. A., Price, W. H., Richmond, S., & Retcliff, R. A. W. (1971). Chromosome surveys in penal institutions and approved schools. Journal of Medical Genetics, 8, 49–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janowsky, D. S., & Rausch, J. (1985). Biochemical hypotheses of premenstruel tension syndrome. Psychological Medicine, 15, 3–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, S. (1975). Extra chromosomes and criminality. In R. R. Fieve, D. Rosenthal, and H. Brill (Eds.), Genetic research in psychiatry. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koeske, R. D. (1981). Theoretical and conceptual complexities in the design and analysis of menstruel cycle research. In J. A. Noack, & S. N. Elder (Eds.). The menstrual cycle. Vol 2: Research and implications of women’s health. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreuz, L. E., & Rose, R. M. (1972). Assessment of aggressive behavior and plasma testosterone in a young criminal population. Psychosomatic Medicine, 34, 321–332.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lombroso, C., & Ferrero, W. (1985/1920). The female offender. New York: Appleton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meccoby, E. E., & Jackin, C. N. (1980). Sex differences in aggression: A rejoinder and reprise. Child Development, 51, 964–980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Major, L. F., & Murphy, D. L. (1978). Platelet and plasma amine oxidase activity in alcoholic individuals. British Journal of Psychiatry, 132, 548–554.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McClintook, M. K. (1971). Menstrual synchrony and suppression. Nature, 229, 244–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mednick, S. A., Gabrielli, W. F., & Hutchings, B. (1983). Genetic influence in criminal behavior: Evidence from an adoption cohort. In K. Van Dusen and S. A. Mednick (Eds.), Prospective atudies of crime and delinquency. Boston: Kluwer-Nijoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Megargee, E. I. (1975). Crime and delinquency. Morristown, New Jerey: General Learning Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Megargee, E. I., & Bohn, M. J. (1979). Classifying criminel offenders: A new eyetem based on the MMPI. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton, J., Addison, H., Addison, R., Hunt, L., & Sullivan, J. (1953). A clinical study of premenstrual tension. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 85, 1182–1191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, D. L. (1977). Biogenic amine related enzymes and personality variations in normals. Psychological Medicine, 17, 149–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nettler, G. (1978). Explaining crime. New Yorks: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olweue, D. (1983). Testosterone in the development of aggressive antisocial behavior in adolescents. In K. T. Van Dueen and S. A. Mednick (Eds.), Prospective studies of crime and delinquency. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perlee, M. B. (1973). The premenstrusl syndrome. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 454–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., & McClearn, G. E. (1980). Behavioral genetics: A primer. San Francisco: W. H. Freemen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock, O. (1950). The criminality of women. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Press, M. P. (1983). Premenstrual stress syndrome as e defence in criminal cases. Duke Law Journal, 176–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quay, H. C. (1965). Psychopathic personality as pathological stimulation seeking. American Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 180–183.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinisch, J. M. (1981). Prenatal exposure to synthetic progestins increases potential for aggression in humans. Science, 211, 1171–1173.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robins, L. N. (1966). Deviant children grown up; A sociological and psychiatric study of sociopathic personality. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosanoff, A. J., Handy, L. M., & Rosanoff, F. A. (1934). Criminality and delinquency in twins. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 24, 923–934.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, D. (1970). Genetic theory and abnormal behavior. New York: McGraw Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D. C. (1983). Biometrical genetic models of self-reported delinquent behavior: A twin study. Behavior Genetics, 13, 473–489.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D. C., & Osgood, D. W. (1984). Heredity and sociological theories of delinquency: A reconsideration. American Sociological Review, 49, 526–540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruble, D. N. (1977). Menstruel symptoms: A reinterpretation. Science, 197, 291–292.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruble, D. N., & Brooks–Gunn, J. (1979). Menstrual symptoms: A social cognition analysis. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2, 171–194.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rublnow, D. R., & Roy-Byrne, P. (1984). Premenstrual syndromes: Overview from e methodologic perspective. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 163–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubinow, D. R., Roy-Byrne, P., Hoben, M. C. (1984). Prospective assessment of manstrually releted mood disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 684–686.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schooler, C., Zahn, T. P., Murphy, D. L., & Buchsbeum, M. S. (1978). Psychological correlates of monoamine oxidase in normals. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 166, 177–186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, S. A. (1970). Report on the XYY chromosomal abnormality, U.S. Public Health Service Publication No. 2103. Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanok, S. S., & Lewis, D. O. (1981). Medical histories of female delinquents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 211–213.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sigvardason, S., Cloninger, C. R., Bohmen, M., & von Khorring, A. L. (1982). Predispostion to petty criminality in Swedish adoptees. III. Sex differences and validation of the mele typology. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 1248–1253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. D. (1962). Women in prison. London: Steven and Sons, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sommer, B. (1978). Stress and menstrual distress. Journal of Human Stress, 4, 5–47.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, M., Heskett, R. F., & Carroll, B. J. (1980). Premenstrual tension syndrome: The development of research diagnostic criteria and new rating scales. Acta Psychiatrics Scandinavica, 62, 229–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stillman, R. C. Wyatt, R. J., Murphy, D. L., & Rasucher, F. P. (1978). Low platelet monamine oxidase activity and chronic marijuana use. Life-Sciences, 23, 1577–1582.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stumpil, F. (1936). Die Urspringe des Verbrechens, Dargesteelt am Lebenslauf von Zeillingen. Leipzig: Georg Thieme.

    Google Scholar 

  • Telfer, M. A., Richardson, C. E., & Chock, E. S. (1968). X chromosome errors in female criminals. Journal of the American Medical Association, 206, 1087.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thome, G. L. (1971). Sensation seeking scale with devient populations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 37, 106–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulmar, G. (1971). Adolsecent girls who steal. Review Neuropsychiatries Infant., 18, 439–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulmar, G. (1971). Reviewed in Psychiatric Digest, 32, 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (1984a). Prisoners in 1983. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, NCJ-92949 (a).

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Justice, Federel Bureau of Investigation (1984b). Crime in the United States, 1983. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. (1985). Capital punishment in 1984. Washington, D. C.: Gobernment Printing Office. NCJ-98399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widom, C. S. (1978a). Towerd en understanding of female criminality. In B. A. Maher (Ed.), Progress in experimental personality research, Vol 8. New York: Academic Press, pp. 243–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widom, C. S. (1978b). An empirical classification of female offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 5, 35–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J. Q., & Herrnstein, R. J. (1985). Crime and human nature. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witkin, H. A. Mednick, S. A., Schulsinger, F., Bakkeatrom, E., Christiansen, K. O., Goodenough, D. R., Hirschhorn, K., Lundsteen, C., Owen, D. R., Philip, J., Rubin, D. B., & Stocking, M. (1975). XYY and XXY men: Criminellty and aggression. Science, 193, 547–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woerner, P. I., & Guze, S. B. (1968). A family and marital study of hysteria. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 161–168.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfgang, M. (1983). Delinquency in two birth cohorts. In K. T. Van Dusen and S. A. Mednlck, (Eds.), Prospective studies of crime and delinquency. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yarrow, M., Campbell, J., & Burton, R. (1968). Child rearing. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, M. (1971). Dimensions of sensation seeking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35, 45–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckernan, M. (1974). The sensation seeking motive. In B. Maher (Ed.). Progress in experimental personality research, Vol 7, New Yorks: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuckernan, M., Buchsbaum, M. S., & Murphy, D. L. (1980). Sensation seeking and its biological correlates. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 187–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckermen, M., Eysenck, S., & Eysenck, H. J. (1978). Sensation seeking in England and America: Cross-cultural, age, and sex comparisons. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 139–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckermen, M., Kolin, E., Price, L., & Zoob, I. (1964). Development of a sensation seeking scale. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 28, 477–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Widom, C.S., Ames, A. (1988). Biology and Female Crime. In: Moffitt, T.E., Mednick, S.A. (eds) Biological Contributions to Crime Causation. NATO ASI Series, vol 40. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2768-1_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2768-1_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7744-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2768-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics