Abstract
In recent years, psychologists have developed sophisticated accounts of visual word recognition (see Henderson, 1982, and papers in Besner, Waller, and MacKinnon, 1985, for reviews), which are being applied to questions concerning the acquisition of reading skill (e.g., Backman, Bruck, Hébert, and Seidenberg, 1984), the breakdown of reading following brain injury (e.g., Patterson, Marshall, and Coltheart, 1985), and the manner in which orthography influences the reading process (e.g., Seidenberg, 1985a; Katz and Feldman, 1983). Although there has been considerable progress in these areas, the scope of current theories is limited because they are largely based on studies of relatively simple, monosyllabic and monomorphemic words. As such, they beg important questions concerning the role of sublexical structures such as syllables and morphemes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, M. (1981). ‘What good is orthographic redundancy?’ In H. Singer and O. J. L. Tzeng (Eds.), Perception of Print. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Andrews, S. (1982). ‘Phonological recoding: Is the regularity effect consistent?’ Memory & Cognition 10, 565–575.
Backman, J., Bruck, M., Heber, M., and Seidenberg, M. (1984). ‘Acquisition and use of spelling-sound correspondences in reading’. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 38, 114–133.
Barron, R. W. and Pittinger, J. B. (1974). ‘The effect of orthographic structure and lexical meaning on same-different judgments’. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 26, 566–581.
Besner, D., Waller, G., and MacKinnon, T., Eds. (1985). Reading Research: Advances in Research and Theory Vol. 5. New York: Academic Press.
Besner, D., Ellis, A., and Davelaar, E. (1985). ‘Pseudohomophone effects: There’s more two this than meats the I’. In D. Besner, T. G. Waller, and G. E. MacKinnon (Eds.), Reading Research: Advances in Theory and Practice Vol. 5. New York: Academic Press.
Brown, G. D. A. (1987). ‘Resolving inconsistency: A computational model of word naming’. Journal of Memory and Language 26, 1–23.
Butler, B. and Hains, S. (1979). ‘Individual differences in word recognition latency’. Memory and Cognition 7, 68–76.
Bybee, J. (1985). Morphology. Philadelphia: John Benjamin.
Carr, T. H. and Pollatsek, A. (1985). ‘Recognition of printed words: A look at current models’. In D. Besner, T. G. Waller, and G. E. MacKinnon (Eds.), Reading Research: Advances in Theory and Practice, Vol. 5. New York: Academic Press.
Catford, J. C. (1977). Fundamental Problems in Phonetics. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Classe, A. (1939). The Rhythm of English Prose. Oxford: Blackwell.
Clements, G. N. and Keyser, S. J. (1983). CV Phonology: A Generative Theory of the Syllable. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Coltheart, M. (1978). ‘Lexical access in simple reading tasks’. In G. Underwood (Ed.), Strategies of Information Processing. London: Academic Press.
Columbo, L. (1986). ‘Activation and inhibition with orthographically similar words’. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 12, 226–234.
Cutler, A., Mehler, J., Norris, D., and Segui, J. (1983). ‘A language-specific comprehension strategy’. Nature 304, 159–160.
Cutler, A., Mehler, J., Norris, D., and Segui, J. (1986). ‘The syllable’s differing role in the segmentation of French and English’. Journal of Memory and Language 25, 385–400.
Dell, G. (1985). ‘A spreading activation theory of sentence production’. Psychological Review 93, 293–321.
Forster, K. I. and Chambers, S. M. (1973). ‘Lexical access and naming time’. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 12, 627–635.
Forster, K. and Davis, C. (1984). ‘Repetition priming and frequency attenuation in lexical access’. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 10, 680–698.
Fowler, C. A., Napps, S., and Feldman, L. B. (1985). ‘Relations among regular and irregular morphologically related words in the lexicon as revealed by repetition priming’. Memory and Cognition 13, 241–255.
Francis, W. N. and Kucera, H. (1982). ‘Frequency analysis of English usage’. Lexicon and Grammar. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
Frederiksen, J. R. and Kroll, J. F. (1976). ‘Spelling and sound: Approaches to the internal lexicon’. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2, 361–379.
Garrett, M. (1980a). ‘Levels of processing in sentence production’. In B. Butterworth (Ed.), Language Production Vol. 1. London: Academic Press.
Garrett, M. (1980b). ‘The limits of accommodation: Arguments for independent processing levels in sentence production’. In V. Fromkin (Ed.), Errors in Linguistic Performance: Slips of the Tongue, Ear, Pen and Hand. New York: Academic Press.
Gibson, E. J. and Guinet, L. (1971). ‘The perception of inflections in brief visual presentations of words’. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 10, 182–189.
Hansen, D. and Rogers, T. S. (1968). ‘An exploration of psycholinguistic units in initial reading’. In K. S. Goodman (Ed.), The Psycholinguistic Nature of the Reading Process. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
Henderson, L. (1982). Orthography and Word Recognition. London: Academic Press.
Henderson, L. (1985). ‘Issues in the modelling of pronunciation assembly in normal reading’. In J. C. Marshall, M. Coltheart, and K. Patterson (Eds.), Surface Dyslexia. London: Erlbaum.
Hoard, J. (1971). ‘Aspiration, tenseness and syllabification in English’. Language 47, 133–140.
Humphreys, G. W. and Evett, L. J. (1985). ‘Are there independent lexical and nonlexical routes in word processing? An evaluation of the dual-route model of reading’. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8, 689–740.
Jared, D. (1985). ‘The processing of multisyllabic words’. Unpublished McGill University Master’s Thesis.
Jared, D. and Seidenberg, M. (1988). ‘Naming multisyllabic words’. Unpublished manuscript.
Kahn, D. (1976). ‘Syllable-based generalizations in English phonology’. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
Katz, L. and Feldman, L. B. (1983). ‘Relation between pronunciation and recognition of printed words in deep and shallow orthographies’. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 9, 157–166.
Kawamoto, A. (1986). ‘A connectionist model of lexical ambiguity resolution’. Unpublished manuscript.
Keating, P. (1983). ‘Comments on the jaw and syllable structures’. Journal of Phonetics 11, 401–406.
Klapp, S. T. (1971). ‘Implicit speech inferred from response latencies in same-different decisions’. Journal of Experimental Psychology 91, 262–267.
Klapp, S. T., Anderson, W. G., and Berrian, R. W. (1973). ‘Implicit speech in reading reconsidered’. Journal of Experimental Psychology 100, 368–374.
Kucera, H. and Francis, W. N. (1967). Computational Analysis of Present-Day American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.
Liberman, I., Shankweiler, D., Fischer, F. W., and Carter, B. (1974). ‘Reading and the awareness of linguistic segments’. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 18, 201–212.
Lima, S. and Pollatsek, A. (1983). ‘Lexical access via an orthographic code? The Basic Orthographic Syllabic Structure (BOSS) reconsidered’. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 22, 310–332.
Lindblom, B. (1986). ‘On the origin and purpose of discreteness and invariance in sound patterns’. In J. Perkell and D. Klatt (Eds.), Invariance and Variability in Speech Processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Massaro, D., Taylor, G., Venezky, R., Jastrzembski, J., and Lucas, P. (1980). Letter and Word Perception. Amsterdam: North Holland.
McClelland, J. L. and Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). ‘An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1. An account of basic findings’. Psychological Review 88, 375–407.
Mohanon, K. P. (1982). Lexical Psychology, M.I.T. Doctoral Dissertation.
Monsell, S. (1985). ‘Repetition and the lexicon’. In A. W. Ellis (Ed.), Progress in the Psychology of Language Vol. 2. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Monsell, S. (1987). ‘On the relation between lexical input and output pathways for speech’. In A. Allport, D. MacKay, W. Prinz, and E. Sheerer (Eds.), Language Perception and Production. London: Academic Press.
Morton, J. (1969). ‘The interaction of information in word recognition’. Psychological Review 76, 165–178.
Murrell, G. and Morton, J. (1974). ‘Word recognition and morphemic structure’. Journal of Experimental Psychology 102, 963–968.
Neely, J. H. (1976). ‘Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Evidence for facilitatory and inhibitory processes’. Memory and Cognition 4, 648–654.
Parkin, A. J. (1984). ‘Redefining the regularity effect’. Memory and Cognition 12, 287–292.
Patterson, K., Marshall, J. C., and Coltheart, M., Eds. (1985). Surface Dyslexia. London: Erlbaum.
Pike, K. (1945). Intonation of American English. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Prinzmetal, W. and Millis-Wright, M. (1984). ‘Cognitive and linguistic factors affect visual feature integration’. Cognitive Psychology 16, 305–340.
Prinzmetal, W., Treiman, R., and Rho, S. H. (1986). ‘How to see a reading unit’. Journal of Memory and Language 25, 461–475.
Richardson, J. T. E. (1976). ‘The effects of stimulus attributes upon latency of word recognition’. British Journal of Psychology 67, 315–325.
Roberts, A. H. (1965). A Statistical Linguistic Analysis of American English. The Hague: Mouton.
Rubin, G. S., Becker, C. A., and Freeman, R. H. (1979). ‘Morphological structure and its effect on visual word recognition’. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 18, 757–767.
Rumelhart, D., Hinton, G., and Williams, R. (1986). ‘Learning internal representations by error propagation’. In D. E. Rumelhart and J. L. McClelland (Eds.), Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructures of Cognition Vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Scarborough, D., Cortese, C, and Scarborough, H. (1977). ‘Frequency and repetition effects in lexical memory’. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 3, 1–17.
Seidenberg, M. S. (1984). ‘If there’s no “bread” in sweetbread, is there “liver” in deliver?’ Paper presented at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, San Antonio, TX.
Seidenberg, M. S. (1985a). ‘The time course of phonological code activation in two writing systems’. Cognition 19, 1–30.
Seidenberg, M. S. (1985b). ‘The time-course of information activation utilization in visual word recognition’. In D. Besner, T. G. Waller, and G. E. MacKinnon (Eds.), Reading Research: Advances in Theory and Practice Vol. 5. New York: Academic Press.
Seidenberg, M. S. (1985c). ‘Constraining models of word recognition’. Cognition 20, 169–190.
Seidenberg, M. S. (1987). ‘Sublexical structures in visual word recognition: Access units or orthographic redundancy?’ In M. Coltheart (Ed.), Attention and Performance Vol. XII: Reading. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Seidenberg, M. S. and Jared, D. (in preparation). ‘Orthographic and phonological bases of syllabic effects in visual word recognition’.
Seidenberg, M. S. and McClelland, J. L. (1987). ‘A distributed, developmental model of visual word recognition and naming’. Unpublished ms.
Seidenberg, M. S. and Tanenhaus, M. K. (1979). ‘Orthographic effects on rhyme monitoring’. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 5, 546–554.
Seidenberg, M. S., Waters, G. S., Barnes, M. A., and Tanenhaus, M. K. (1984a). ‘When does irregular spelling or pronunciation influence word recognition?’ Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 23, 383–404.
Seidenberg, M. S., Waters, G. S., Sanders, M., and Langer, P. (1984b). ‘Pre- and postlexical loci of contextual effects on word recognition’. Memory and Cognition 12, 315–328.
Selkirk, E. (1980). ‘On prosodie structure and its relation to syntactic structure’. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
Smith, E. E. and Spoehr, K. T. (1974). ‘The perception of printed English: A theoretical perspective’. In B. H. Kantowitz (Ed.), Human Information Processing: Tutorials in Performance and Cognition. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
Spoehr, K. (1978). ‘Phonological encoding in visual word recognition’. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 17, 127–141.
Spoehr, K. and Smith, E. (1973). The role of syllables in perceptual processing’. Cognitive Psychology 5, 71–89.
Spoehr, K. and Smith, E. (1975). ‘The role of orthographic and phonotactic rules in perceiving letter patterns’. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1, 21–34.
Stanners, R. F., Neiser, J. J., and Painton, S. (1979). ‘Memory representation for prefixed words’. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 18, 733–743.
Stanovich, K. E. and West, R. F. (1981). ‘The effect of sentence context on ongoing word recognition: Tests of a two-process theory’. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 7, 658–672.
Taft, M. (1979a). ‘Recognition of affixed words and the word-frequency effect’. Memory and Cognition 7, 263–272.
Taft, M. (1979b). ‘Lexical access via an orthographic code: The basic orthographic syllable structure (BOSS)’. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 18, 21–39.
Taft, M. and Forster, K. (1975). ‘Lexical storage and retrieval of prefixed words’. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 14, 638–647.
Taft, M. and Forster, K. I. (1976). ‘Lexical storage and retrieval of polymorphemic and polysyllabic words’. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 15, 607–620.
Taylor, G. A., Miller, T. J., and Juola, J. F. (1977). ‘Isolating visual units in the perception of words and nonwords’. Perception and Psychophysics 21, 377–386.
Treiman, R. (1988) (this volume). ‘The internal structure of the syllable’, pp. 27–52.
Treisman, A. and Schmidt, H. (1982). ‘Illusory conjunctions in the perception of objects’. Cognitive Psychology 14, 107–141.
Venezky, R. (1970). The Structure of English Orthography. The Hague: Mouton.
Waters, G. S. and Seidenberg, M. S. (1985). ‘Spelling-sound effects in reading: Time course and decision criteria1’. Memory and Cognition 13, 557–572.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Seidenberg, M.S. (1989). Reading Complex Words. In: Carlson, G.N., Tanenhaus, M.K. (eds) Linguistic Structure in Language Processing. Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2729-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2729-2_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-55608-075-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2729-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive