Abstract
Virtually all GB research on empty categories has proceeded from two fundamental assumptions. First, a commitment to the PROJECTION PRINCIPLE, the hypothesis that thematic structure must be directly mapped into phrase structure at every syntactic level of representation. It is this principle that dictates that empty categories must occur in all the positions where they are standardly posited. These include the origin sites of NP-Movement (occupied by NP-trace) and Wh-Movement (occupied by Wh-trace), the subject position of control complements (occupied by PRO), and the missing argument positions of clauses in pro-drop languages (occupied by pro). Second, nothing besides the lack of phonetic content is supposed to differentiate empty categories from their overt counterparts. Thus it is widely assumed that both overt and empty NPs are cross-classified by the features [anaphor] and [pronominal]. In Chomsky’s (1982, 78–81) classification of empty NPs, NP-trace is an anaphor but not a pronominal; Wh-trace is neither an anaphor nor a pronominal, PRO is both an anaphor and a pronominal; and pro is a pronominal but not an anaphor.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, S.: 1982, ‘Types of Dependency in Anaphors: Icelandic (and Other) Reflexives,’ Journal of Linguistic Research 2, 1–22.
Aoun, J.: 1981, The Formal Nature of Anaphoric Relations. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.
Aoun, J. and D. Sportiche: 1983, ‘On the Formal Theory of Government,’ The Linguistic Review 2, 211–236.
Barss, A.: 1985, ‘Anaphor Binding, Reconstruction and Connectedness,’ presented at the Fourth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, UCLA.
Bouchard, D.: 1984, On the Content of Empty Categories. Dordrecht: Foris.
Brody, M.: 1984, ‘On Contextual Definitions and the Role of Chains,’ Linguistic Inquiry 15, 355–380.
Burzio, L.: 1986, Italian Syntax: A Government-Binding Approach. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Chomsky, N.: 1976, ‘Conditions on Rules of Grammar,’ Linguistic Analysis 2, 303–351.
Chomsky, N.: 1981, Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht: Foris.
Chomsky, N.: 1982, Some Concepts and Consequences of the Theory of Government and Binding. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Chomsky, N.: 1986, Barriers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Chung, S.: 1981, ‘Transitivity and Surface Filters in Chamorro,’ in Studies in Pacific Languages and Cultures in Honour of Bruce Biggs, ed. by J. Hollyman and A. Pawley, 311–332. Auckland: Linguistic Society of New Zealand.
Chomsky, N.: 1982a, ‘On Extending the Null Subject Parameter to NPs,’ in WCCFL 1, ed. by D. Flickinger et al., 125–136. Stanford University Linguistic Department.
Chomsky, N.: 1982b, ‘Unbounded Dependencies in Chamorro Grammar,’ Linguistic Inquiry 13, 39–77.
Chomsky, N.: 1983a, ‘Binding and Coexisting S-Structures in Chamorro,’ in WCCFL 2, ed. by M. Barlow et al., 32–43. Stanford Linguistic Association.
Chomsky, N.: 1983b, ‘The ECP and Government in Chamorro,’ Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 1, 207–244.
Chomsky, N.: 1984, ‘Identifiability and Null Objects in Chamorro,’ in Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, ed. by Claudia Brugman et al., 116–130. Berkeley Linguistic Society.
Chomsky, N.: 1987a, ‘The Syntax of Chamorro Existential Sentences,’ in The Representation of (In)definiteness, ed. by E. Reuland and A. ter Meulen, 191–225. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Chomsky, N.: 1987b, ‘Sentential Subjects and Proper Government in Chamorro,’ presented at the Sixth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, University of Arizona, Tucson.
Chung, S. and C. Georgopoulos: to appear, ‘Agreement with Gaps in Chamorro and Palauan,’ in Agreement in Natural Language: Approaches, Theories, and Descriptions, ed. by M. Barlow and C. Ferguson. Stanford: Center for the Study of Language and Information.
Chung, S. and J. McCloskey: 1987, ‘Government, Barriers, and Small Clauses in Modern Irish,’ Linguistic Inquiry 18, 173–237.
Dowty, D.: 1980, ‘Coments on the Paper by Bach and Partee,’ in Pronouns and Anaphora, ed. by J. Kreiman and A. Ojeda, 29–40. Chicago Linguistic Society.
Gibson, J.: 1980, Clause Union in Chamorro and in Universal Grammar. Ph.D. dissertation, UCSD.
Hashemipour, M.: 1985, ‘Control Theory in Modern Persian,’ ms., UCSD.
Hornstein, N. and D. Lightfoot: 1987, ‘Predication and PRO,’ Language 63, 23–52.
Horvath, J.: 1981, Aspects of Hungarian Syntax and the Theory of Grammar. Ph.D. dissertation, UCLA.
Huang, C.-T. J.: 1984, ‘On the Distribution and Reference of Empty Pronouns,’ Linguistic Inquiry 15, 531–574.
Jaeggli, O.: 1984, ‘Subject Extraction and the Null Subject Parameter,’ in Proceedings of NELS 14, ed. by C. Jones and P. Sells, 132–153. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts GLSA.
Koster, J.: 1984, ‘On Binding and Control,’ Linguistic Inquiry 15, 417–459.
Manzini, M. R.: 1983, ‘On Control and Control Theory,’ Linguistic Inquiry 14, 421–446.
McCloskey, J.: 1984, ‘Raising, Subcategorization and Selection in Modern Irish,’ Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 1, 441–485.
McCloskey, J. and K. Hale: 1984, ‘On the Syntax of Person-Number Inflection in Modern Irish,’ Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 1, 487–533.
Perlmutter, D. and P. Postal: 1983, ‘The Relational Succession Law,’ in Studies in Relational Grammar, ed. by D. Perlmutter, 30–80.
Reinhart, T.: 1983a, ‘Coreference and Bound Anaphora: A Restatement of the Anaphora Questions,’ Linguistics and Philosophy 6, 47–88.
Reinhart, T.: 1983b, Anaphora and Semantic Interpretation. University of Chicago Press.
Rizzi, L.: 1986, ‘Null Objects in Italian and the Theory of pro,’ Linguistic Inquiry 17, 501–557.
Safir, K.: 1984, ‘Multiple Variable Binding,’ Linguistic Inquiry 15, 603–638.
Saxon, L.: 1984a, ‘Disjoint Anaphora and the Binding Theory,’ in WCCFL 3, ed. by M. Cobler et al., 242–251. Stanford Linguistics Association.
Saxon, L.: 1984b, ‘Control and Agreement in Dogrib,’ in Proceedings of the First Eastern States Conference on Linguistics, 128–139, Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University.
Saxon, L.: 1985, ‘Agreement in Dogrib: Inflection or Cliticization?,’ presented at the Symposium on Canadian Native Languages in Theoretical Perspective, SUNY, Buffalo.
Sproat, R.: 1985, ‘Welsh Syntax and VSO Structure,’ Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 3, 173–216.
Stowell, T.: 1981, Origins of Phrase Structure. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.
Timberlake, A.: 1979, ‘Reflexivization and the Cycle in Russian,’ Linguistic Inquiry 10, 109–141.
Williamson, J.: 1984, Studies in Lakhqta Grammar. Ph.D. dissertation, UCSD.
Yang, D.-W.: 1983, ‘The Extended Binding Theory of Anaphora,’ presented at the Seventh Annual Meeting of Generative Linguists of the Old World, York, England.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chung, S. (1989). On the Notion “Null Anaphor” in Chamorro. In: Jaeggli, O.A., Safir, K.J. (eds) The Null Subject Parameter. Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, vol 15. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2540-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2540-3_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-55608-087-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2540-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive