Abstract
Discrete low noise MESFETs, power FETs as well as high speed digital GaAs ICs and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) require a stable metal contact technology, low parasitic resistance and a high degree of reliability and reproducibility. Self-aligned gate FETs in digital GaAs integrated circuits require gates which must withstand a high temperature anneal treatment. For long term high temperature applications, stable Ohmic contacts are also required since present AuGe contacts are stable only up to about 350°C. A promising approach for achieving high reliability is through the use of a refractory Ohmic and Schottky contact technology based on amorphous (α-) metallization.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Irvin, J.C. and Loya, A. (1978), Bell Syst. Tech. J., 57(8) pp. 2823–2846.
White, P.M., Hewitt, B.L. and Turner, J.S. (1978), “Reliability investigation of GaAs power FETs with Al gate”, Eur. Microwave Conf. Paris.
Christou, A. and Sleger, K. (1977), 6th Biennial Conf. on Active Microwave Semiconductor Devices and Circuits, Cornell.
Sinha, A.K. and Poate, J.M. (1973), Appl. Phys. Lett. 23, 666.
Chino, K. and Wada, Y. (1977), Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 16, 1823.
Irie, T., Nagasaki, I., Kohzu, A. and Sekido, K. (1976), IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech. MTT-24: 321.
Mizuishi, K., Kurono, H., Sato, H. and Kodera, H. (1979), IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices, ED-26: 1008.
Kim, H.B., Sweeney, G.G. and Heng, T. (1974), Res. Lab. Rep. 74–1F6-IMPATT-P1, (Westinghouse Corporation).
Christou, A., Scanning Electron Microscopy 1979, Vol. 1, SEM Inc., AMF O’Hare, 1979.
Christou, A. (1976), J. Appl. Phys. 47, 5464.
Calviello, J.A. and Wallace, J.L. (1977), IEEE trans. Ed-24, 698.
Sleger, K. and Christou, A. (1978), Solid-state Electron. 21, 677–684.
Chen, H.S., Kimerling, L.C., Poate, T.M. and Brown, W.L. (1978), Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 461.
Rosenblum, M.P., Spaepen, F. and Turnbull, D. (1980), Appl. Phys. Lett. 37, 184.
Naka, M., Hashimoto, K., Masumoto, T. (1978), J. Non Cryst. Sol. 28, 403.
Ohta, I., Hamana, T., Nishiuma, N., Hagio, M., Kazumura, M., Kano, G. and Teramoto, I. (1985), Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No 79: Chapter 9, 511.
Yokohama, N., Ohnishi, T., Orodera, H., Shinoki, T., Shibatomi, A., and Ishikawa, H. (1983), “A GaAs IK Static RAM using Tungsten-Silicide Gate Self-Alignment Technology”, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits SC-18, p.520.
Palmer, D.W., Draper, B.L., McBrayer, J.D., and White K.R. (Feb. 1978), “Active Device for High Temperature Microcircuitry”, Sandia Laboratoiries Report SAND 77–1145.
Behle, A.F., and Zuleeg, R. (Oct. 1979), “High Temperature GaAs Device Development”, McDonnell Douglas Final Report to Sandia, Contract No. 13–0319.
Coquat, J.A., Palmer, D.W., Eknoyan, O., and Van der Hoeven, W.B. (1980), “GaAs Ohmic Contacts for High Temperature Devices”, 1980 Proc. Elec. Components Conf. p.55.
General Electric, Phase 1 Final Report (March, 1980), Contract No. N00173–79-C-0010.
Nieberding, W.C. and Powell, J.A. (2 May 1982), “High Temperature Electronic Requirements in Aeropropulsion Systems”, IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, IE-19, No.2, pp. 103–106.
Jurgens, R.F. (2 May 1982), “High Temperature Electronics Applications in Space Exploration”. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, IE-29, No. 2, pp. 107–111.
Doerbeck, F.H., Duncan, W.M., McLevige, W.V. and Yuan, H.T. (1982), “Fabrication and High-Temperature Characteristics of Ion-Implanted GaAs Bipolar Transistors and Ring-Oscillators”, IEEE Trans. on Industrical Electronics, IE-29, pp. 136–139.
Wiley, J.D., Perepezko, J.H., Nordman, J.E., and Kang-Jin, G. (1982), “Amorphous Metallizations for High-Temperature Semiconductor Device Applications”, IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics IE-29, pp. 154–157.
Todd, A.G., Harris, P.G., Scobey, I.H., and Kelly, M.J. (1984), “Amorphous Metal-Semiconductors Contacts for High Temperature, Electronics-I, Materials and Characterization”, Solid State Electronics 27, pp. 507–513.
Wickenden, D.K., Sisson, M.J., Todd, A.G., and Kelly, M.J. (1984), “Amorphous Metal-Semiconductor Contacts for High Temperature Electronics-II. Thermal Stability of Schottky Barrier Characteristics”, Solid State Electronics 27, pp. 515–518.
Papanicolaou, N.A., Anderson, Jr. W.T. and Christou, A., (1983), “Small Signal MESFET with Sputtered Amorphous Metal Gate Defined by Lift-off”, Gallium Arsenide and Related Compounds 1982, Institute of Physics Conf. Series No. 65, (Institute of Physics, Bristol), pp. 407–414.
Morgan, D.V., Thomas, H., Anderson, W.T., Thompson, P., Christou A., and Diskett, D.J. (1988), “High Temperature Metallization for GaAs Devices Processing”, Phys. Stat. Sol. 110, pp. 531–536.
Anderson, W.T. Jr., Christou, A., Giuliani, J.F. and Dietrich, H.B. (1982), “Laser Annealed and Thermal Annealed Refractory Ohmic Contacts to GaAs”, IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, IE-29, pp. 149–453.
Anderson, W.T. Jr., Christou, A., Dietrich, H.B., and Giuliani, J.F. (1980), “Refractory Metallized Ion Implanted Epitaxial Ge-GaAs Ohmic Contacts”, 158th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Oct. 5–10, 1980, Hollywood, FL.
Anderson, W.T. Jr., Christou, A., and Davey, J.E., (1978), “Development of Ohmic Contacts for GaAs Devices using Epitaxial Ge Films”, IEEE J. of Solid State Circuits, SC-13, p. 430.
Christou, A., Davey, J.E., Dietrich, H.B., and Anderson, W.T. Jr. (1979), “Refractory Passivated Ion Implanted Ohmic Contacts to n-GaAs Layers”, 37th Annual Device Research Conf., Univ. of Colorado at Boulder, Co., June 25–27, 1979.
Anderson, W.T. Jr. and Christou, A. (1980), “GaAs Transferred Electron Device Failure Mechanisms”, Workshop on Compound Semiconductors for Microwave Materials and Devices, San Francisco, CA, Feb. 1980.
Berger, H.H. (1972), “Contact Resistance and Contact Resistivity”, J. Electrochemical Society 119, p. 507.
Chang, C.Y., Fang, Y.K. and Sze, S.M. (1971), “Specific Contact Resistance of Metal-Semiconductor Barriers”, Solid-State Electronics 14, pp. 541–550.
Cullis, A.G., Webber, H.C. and Bailey, P. (1979), J. Phys. E. Sci. Instrum. 12, pp. 688–689.
Giuliani, J.F. and Anderson, W.T. Jr. (1981), “Elimination of Micro-inhomogeities in a Ruby Laser Beam for Improved Semiconductor Device Processing”, Applied Optics 20, pp. 2497–2600.
Cox, R.H. and Strack, H. (1967), “Ohmic Contacts for GaAs Devices”, Solid-State Electronics 10, pp. 1213–1218.
Anderson, W.T., Christou, A., Thompson, P.E., Gossett, C.R., Eridon, J.M., Hatzopoulos, Z., Ethimiopoulos, T., Kudumas, M., Michelakis, C., and Morgan, D.V., (1989), “Laser Annealed Refractory Metal Suicide Films on GaAs”, Electronics Letters (submitted).
Morgan, D.V. Thomas, H. Anderson, W.T. Thomson, P. Christou A. and Diskett. D.J. (1987), Electron. Lett. (23) pp. 1154–1155.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kiriakidis, G., Anderson, W.T., Hatzopoulos, Z., Michelakis, C., Morgan, D.V. (1990). Metal Contact Degradation on III–V Compound Semiconductors. In: Christou, A., Unger, B.A. (eds) Semiconductor Device Reliability. NATO ASI Series, vol 175. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2482-6_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2482-6_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7620-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2482-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive